Q.1. Name various softwares used in the field of civil engineering?

There are several softwares that can be useful to a civil engineer. These softwares are used to
solve real life civil engineering problems. For analysis, designing and management these
softwares play a vital role
Here are the list of most widely used application softwares in civil engineering according to
their application areas: b)Analysis/design of structure:

h) Sewer Modelling

Kanal ++

i)Water Distribution

water distribution operator training handbook

network

Aqua++
Q.2. Significance of autocad in the field of engineering?
AutoCAD is used to create the computer aided designs or software applications including drafting and
develops the application in both the 2D and 3D formats and provide the information to the application.
AutoCAD provides tools to design the softwares used in the industry, architectures and project management.
It provides flexible and user friendly features with the tools to design the applications and document the
workflows.
It provides tools to provide the formats by detailed designing the layouts and drawings using the views
automatically.
It also has the provision to create detailed design layouts and views can be drawn automatically using the
source model.
It allows the creation of the professional technical drawings and conceptual designs used for representation
of the logics.
It allows the drafter to provide the finishing touches and designing with the detailing and linking to the
online data.
It provides suppliers or operational professionals to review the drawings and modify it according to the
requirements.

Q.3. Explain origin and history of AUTOCAD?

AutoCAD is a software application developed by Autodesk that enables computer-aided design (CAD) and
drafting.
The software is used to produce 2D and 3D drawings.
AutoCAD software allows users to conceptualize ideas, produce designs and drawings to the required levels of
technical accuracy

History of CAD Software

AutoCAD has been available on the market since 1982, making it the first CAD system developed for PCs.
AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD, which was
written prior to Autodesk's formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle[5][6]
The 2018 release marked the 32nd major release of AutoCAD for Windows.
The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac.

The Origins of AutoCAD

The company behind AutoCAD, Autodesk was founded in 1982 by John Walker. He and the other 15 co-
founders intended to develop five different desktop automation applications.
Their flagship product turned out to be AutoCAD.
They launched AutoCAD at the COMDEX trade show in Las Vegas as the first CAD program in the world to run
on a PC.
The software supports APIs for customization and automation, which enabled the creation of vertical products
such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical and AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Autodesk has also created mobile and cloud-based apps, including AutoCAD 360, Fusion 360, and A360 Viewer
 Q.4. Define AUTOCAD software?

Q.5. Explain 2D AND 3D Drawing?

Two Dimensional(2D) Auto-cad Drawing :

Its support only two dimension in Computer Added Design such as Height and Width. Its not support
thickness of object.

2D objects have two dimension such as: Rectangle,Circle,Square,Triangle etc.

2D Auto-cad Drawing can be divided into three important groups or parts:

Product Drawing-

2D Auto-cad drawings which is used by the industry of fabricators & manufacturers. Even most of the
2D drawing which is made by 3D CAD model.

Construction Drawing-

Architecture drawing, builders, floor plans, installers, M&E drawing, these type of drawings are
included in construction drawing.

Line Drawing-

These type of drawing is basically included Schematic, Map drawing & simple layout drawings.

Three Dimensional(3D) Auto-cad Drawing:

3D which known as Three dimensional Model basically 3D display a picture in a form that appears
to be physically present with a structure of design is necessary that it allows pictures which appears
easy to the human eye. So, this can be also explain in a sense of items, which is display in a form that
allow for different dimensions to be represented. Therefore, height, width and depth are also included
in 3D

Example

Any object in the real world & another example is Our body which is also in 3 dimensional.
In other words, an image which provides the Perception of depth is also described by the 3D

Q.7. Write applications of:

Circle command:
The Circle command automates the creation of a circle object.
this command draws an object based on the mathematical denition of a circle
Most CAD software allows you to select from several common methods of dening a circle.
These methods include: Center and radius. Center and diameter Two points on the circle.
Radius and two lines or two circles.
AutoCAD Example:

Command: circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 0,0 (or pick a
center point on screen) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: diameter Specify diameter of
circle: 4 (or pick a point on the circle on screen) Command:

ARC COMMAND:

An arc is a portion of a circle. Just as the Circle command automates the creation of a
circle, the Arc command automates the creation of an arc
Most CAD software allows you to select from several methods of dening an arc.
Examples include: Three points on the arc. Starting point, center, and endpoint.
Starting point, center, and included angle. Starting point, center, and length of chord.
Starting point, endpoint, and radius. Starting point, endpoint, and included angle.
Starting point, endpoint, and a starting direction.
AutoCAD Example: Command: arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 0,2 (or pick
a point on screen) Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: 0,2 (or pick a point on
screen) Specify end point of arc: 2,0 (or pick a point on screen) Command:

Line Command:

The Line command is the most frequently used command in a CAD program because lines are
the basic elements of most drawings.
Each straight line requires information as to the placement of the rst point (one end) and the
second point (other end).
Generally, you can enter specic coordinates for the endpoints or pick the endpoints on screen
AutoCAD Example:

Command: line Specify rst point: 3,5 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Undo]:
6,4 (or pick a point on screen) Specify next point or [Undo]: Command:

Hatch Command:

Hatching is a fundamental part of drafting. In both mechanical and architectural drafting,

hatching is used in section views to show cutaway parts and to represent specic materials,
Hatching is also used on pictorial drawings to represent surface texture or other features.
The Hatch command is used to hatch an area of a drawing.
 Areas to be hatched are selected with the pointing device and elements within the boundary can
be excluded, if desired
AutoCAD Example:
Command:
hatch (In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, select a pattern. Then, select the Add: Pick points
or Add: Select objects button. When the dialog box is temporarily hidden, select internal points
or pick objects to hatch. Then, press [Enter] to redisplay the dialog box. Pick the OK button to
apply the hatch.) Command:

Q.8. Write three steps before new drawing on autocad?

After you launch AUTOCAD it automatically opens a new drawing named Drawing1.dwg.

You can see the drawing menu on the title bar and can start the drawing immediately. To create a
new drawing follow these three steps:

STEP 1:

CLICK THE MENU BROWSER BUTTON

The menu browser button is located in the upper left corner of the AUTOCAD. This opens the
menu browser.

STEP 2:

On the Menu BROWSER, click File Menu: NEW

The select template dialogue box is displayed. If a default drawing template file is not specified, the
Select Template dialog box is displayed, from which you can coose an appropriate drawing template file.
Right-click a file tab, and choose New to display the Select Template dialog box.

STEP 3:

Select the acad.dwt drawing template and click open.

A new drawing is created for you based on the drawing template selected.

Q.9. Advantages of autocad over manual drafting?

Q.10. Discuss the role of layer command in the management of drawing file?
A layer is a virtual piece of paper on which CAD objects are placed. All objects on all layers, or
sheets of paper, are visible on top of each other.
Layers can be turned on and off, resulting in the display of only those objects needed.
For example, layers are especially useful in checking the alignment of mating parts in an
assembly drawing.
Layer command that allows you to create and manage layers.
you can assign a unique layer name and color to each layer. You can also use the Layer
command to control the visibility of layers.
In addition, some CAD programs allow you advanced control over layers. For example, some
CAD programs allow you to prevent certain layers from printing.
Proper layer management is very important to effective CAD drawing. This is especially true
when the drawing is jointly worked on by several drafters, designers, or engineers.
In an effort to standardize layer use in industry, several organizations have attempted to develop
layer naming/usage standards. There is not one universally accepted standard.
It is important to follow whatever standards your company, department, or client require.
AutoCAD Example:

Command: layer (In the Layer Properties Manager dialog box that is displayed, pick the New
Layer button to create a new layer, pick a color swatch to change a layers display color, or make
on-off and layer printing settings.) Command