GREEN

ARCHITECTURE
IMPORTANT ROLE IN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

SUBMITEED TO:- ABHISHEK KUMAR MAURYA

AR. SURJEET SINGH B.ARCH 4TH YEAR 7TH SEM
AR. ANKITA SINGH I.A.T.P BU , JHANSI.
GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to

building that minimizes harmful effects on human health
and the environment. The "green" architect or designer
attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by
choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction
practices.
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF A "GREEN" BUILDING:
Green architecture may have many of these features:
Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling
Energy-efficient lighting and appliances
Water-saving plumbing fixtures
Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy
Minimal harm to the natural habitat
Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power
Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials used inside and out
Locally-obtained woods and stone, eliminating long-haul transportation
 .

Responsibly-harvested woods
Adaptive reuse of older buildings
Use of recycled architectural salvage
Efficient use of space
Optimal location on the land, maximizing sunlight, winds, and natural
sheltering
While most green buildings do not have all of these features, the highest goal
of green architecture is to be fully sustainable. Simply put, you do "green"
things in order to achieve sustainability.
RELATED NAMES AND CONCEPTS:

sustainable development
eco-design
eco-friendly architecture
earth-friendly architecture
environmental architecture
natural architecture
GREEN VERIFICATION:
Since 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council has been promoting green design.
In 2000, they created a rating system that builders, developers, and architects
can adhere to, and then apply for Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) certification. "Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points
across several areas that address sustainability issues," writes the USGBC.
"Based on the number of points achieved, a project then receives one of four
LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum." The certification
comes with a fee, but it can be adapted and applied to any building, "from
homes to corporate headquarters."
EXAMPLES OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE:
The Magney House: Energy-conserving home by Australian architect Glenn
Murcutt
US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC
LEAFHouse: A vine-covered solar house designed by students from the
University of Maryland
Katrina Kernel Cottage II: Low-cost and energy-efficient emergency pre-fab
housing
Solar-Powered Victorian: A historic inn with high-tech photovoltaic panels
Earth House: This home in Loreto Bay, Mexico is made with compressed earth
blocks
WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN:
A building can look beautiful and even be constructed from very expensive materials, but not
be "green." Likewise, a building can be very "green" but visually unappealing. How do we get
good architecture? How do we move toward what Roman architect Vitruvius suggested to be
the three rules of architectureto be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to
look at?
The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) argues that sustainability has to be part of
the whole design process, from the very start of the project. They devote an entire Website
to WBDGWhole Building Design Guide at www.wbdg.org/. Design objectives are
interrelated, where designing for sustainability is just one aspect. "A truly successful project is
one where project goals are identified early on," they write, "and where the
interdependencies of all building systems are coordinated concurrently from the planning
and programming phase." Green architectural design should not be an add-on.
 It should be the way of doing the business of creating a built environment.
. NIBS suggests that these systems must be understood, evaluated, and
appropriately applied:
accessibility
aesthetics
cost-effectiveness
functional or operational
historic preservation
productivity (comfort and health of the occupants)
security and safety
sustainability
 THE 2030 CHALLENGE:
Climate change will not destroy the Earth. The planet will go on for millions of years, long
after human life has expired. Climate change, however, will destroy the species of life on
Earth that cannot adapt fast enough to new conditions.
The building trades have collectively recognized its role in contributing to the greenhouse
gases put into the atmosphere. For example, the manufacturing of cement, the basic
ingredient in concrete, is reportedly one of the largest global contributors to carbon dioxide
emissions. From poor designs to construction materials, the industry is challenged to change
its ways.
Architect Edward Mazria has taken the lead to transform the building industry from a major
polluter to an agent of change. He has suspended his own architectural
practice (mazria.com) to concentrate on the nonprofit organization he established in 2002.
The goal set for Architecture 2030 is simply this: "All new buildings, developments, and
major renovations shall be carbon-neutral by 2030."
GREEN BUILDINGS:-
What is green building? Green building, or sustainable design, is the practice of increasing
the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and of
reducing impacts on human health and the environment for the entire lifecycle of a building.
Green-building concepts extend beyond the walls of buildings and include site planning,
community and land-use planning issues as well.

Why is green building important? The growth and development of our communities has
a large impact on our natural environment. The manufacturing, design, construction and
operation of the buildings in which we live and work are responsible for the consumption
of many of our natural resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems

Improve air and water quality
Reduce waste streams
Conserve and restore natural resources
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

Reduce operating costs

Improve occupant productivity
Enhance asset value and profits
Optimize life-cycle economic performance
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING:

Enhance occupant health and comfort

Improve indoor air quality
Minimize strain on local utility infrastructure
Improve overall quality of life
THE CONCEPT OF GREEN BUILDING:

concentrates mainly on two points:

Increasing the efficiency with which buildings use energy, water and
materials
Reducing building impacts of human health and the environment, through
better site selection, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and
removal throughout the complete life cycle.

Going Green in Building constructions avails us many Environmental,

Economical as well as Social benefits.
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HISTORY AND COMPONENTS OF GREEN BUILDING:

The increase of fuel costs in 1970s along with the concern for environment
kindled the awareness and encouragement towards Green Buildings.
Architects and ecologists started looking for solutions like reflective roofing
materials, triple-glazed windows to achieve energy savings. But with the
decrease of fuel prices, the Green movement was slowed down and did not
receive much encouragement. It was later in early 90s that the movement got
kick start and awareness began to spread about need for sustainable
buildings. An official Green home building program started in Austin, Texas in
1991. The movement has gradually gained momentum since then and we can
now find significant changes in the newer buildings.
SUSTAINABLE SITE SELECTION:
There should be easy availability of public transport and conveniences so as to cut down
energy consumption for transportation. A suitably selected site thus gets the benefit of mass
transit.
Also, rehabilitation of sites damaged by environmental contamination is a better option than
any new piece of land where large amount of energy and resource is needed to make the
land worthy of building on. Rehabilitation thus saves large amount of energy.

Already existing landscape, soil and natural features should be protected. For this reason,
hard paving on the site should be avoided to preserve top soil and ease rain water harvesting.
There should be minimum storm water runoff.
MATERIAL AND RESOURCES
Sustainable construction material are chosen keeping in mind various characteristics like zero or low
toxicity, high recyclability, zero or low off gassing of harmful air emissions, durability, reused and
recycled content, sustainably harvested material.
Dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies are used to reduce the construction
costs. Construction and demolition material can be reused and recycled for e.g. inert demolition
material can be used as base course for landfills. Proper planning for managing materials through
deconstruction, demolition and construction is done. Efficient planning of utilities to minimize
Utilization of rapidly renewable materials, such as bamboo flooring, wool carpets, strawboard,
cotton ball insulation (made from denim scrap), genuine linoleum flooring, or poplar oriented-strand
board (OSB). Using rapid renewable helps reduce the use and depletion of finite raw material.
Use of materials that are available locally is preferred over materials that need to be brought from
distant places. It saves transportation costs. Also, alternative materials that can be generated from
waste with lesser energy is used over conventional building materials.
For example, alternative materials for timber like MDF board, Mica Laminates and Veneers on
composite boards should be used instead of natural timber. Industrial waste based bricks and blocks,
aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks, Phospho-Gypsum based blocks can be used for masonry
structures. Fly ash, for bricks, outdoor paving and in concrete.
WATER EFFICIENCY:
Installation of water efficient or low flow equipments in kitchens and bathrooms to reduce water
consumption.
Incorporating waste water management technologies like dual plumbing for using recycled water in
toilet flushing or using water conserving fixtures such as low flow shower heads, self closing nozzles on
hoses, water closets with dual flush options.
Use of Micro irrigation techniques at sites instead of high pressure sprayers.
Recirculation system for centralized hot water distribution.
For landscaping purpose, local plants and trees are used as they consume less water.
Provisions for reusing and recycling water are made to ensure efficient water management.
Using treated waste water, non potable water for site irrigation. Raw sewage can be recycled using
aquatic plants like duckweed and water hyacinth to produce clean water suitable for re-use in irrigation
and industry.
Integrating Rain water harvesting system in building design to ensure maximum possible utilization
of rain water.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption both the embodied energy
required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide
services such as heating and power for equipment.
As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater
importance and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies
such as the U.S. LCI Database Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower
embodied energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete, or steel.
To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the building
envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). They also specify high-
performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar
building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and
place awnings, porches, and trees[21] to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing
solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural
light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy
costs.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT

The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five
environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of
occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially:
indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality

Also important to indoor air quality is the control of moisture accumulation (dampness)
leading to mold growth and the presence of bacteria and viruses as well as dust mites and
other organisms and microbiological concerns. Water intrusion through a building's
envelope or water condensing on cold surfaces on the building's interior can enhance and
sustain microbial growth. A well-insulated and tightly sealed envelope will reduce moisture
problems but adequate ventilation is also necessary to eliminate moisture from sources
indoors including human metabolic processes, cooking, bathing, cleaning, and other
activities.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION

No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can
only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and
maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process
will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project.Every aspect of green
building is integrated into the O&M phase of a building's life. The addition of new green
technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be
applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in
the O&M phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take
place. O&M staff should aim to establish best practices in energy efficiency, resource
conservation, ecologically sensitive products and other sustainable practices. Education of
building operators and occupants is key to effective implementation of sustainable strategies
in O&M services
 WASTE REDUCTION
Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during
construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from
commercial buildings During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the
amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of
waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost
bins to reduce matter going to landfills.
To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral Alliance (a coalition of
government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website dontwastewood.com. The
site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities, developers, contractors,
owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information on wood recycling.
REDUCE IMPACT ONTO ELECTRICITY NETWORK

Electricity networks are built based on peak demand (another name is peak load). Peak
demand is measured in the units of watts (W). It shows how fast electrical energy is
consumed. Residential electricity is often charged on electrical energy (kilowatt hour, kWh).
Green buildings or sustainable buildings are often capable of saving electrical energy but not
necessarily reducing peak demand.
When sustainable building features are designed, constructed and operated efficiently, peak
demand can be reduced so that there is less desire for electricity network expansion and
there is less impact onto carbon emission and climate change. These sustainable features can
be good orientation, sufficient indoor thermal mass, good insulation, photovoltaic panels,
thermal or electrical energy storage systems, smart building (home) energy management
systems.
COST AND PAYOFF

The most criticized issue about constructing environmentally friendly buildings is the price.
Photo-voltaics, new appliances, and modern technologies tend to cost more money. Most
green buildings cost a premium of <2%, but yield 10 times as much over the entire life of the
building. In regards to the financial benefits of green building, Over 20 years, the financial
payback typically exceeds the additional cost of greening by a factor of 4-6 times. And
broader benefits, such as reductions in greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other pollutants have
large positive impacts on surrounding communities and on the planet. The stigma is
between the knowledge of up-front cost vs. life-cycle cost. The savings in money come from
more efficient use of utilities which result in decreased energy bills. It is projected that
different sectors could save $130 Billion on energy bills.Also, higher worker or student
productivity can be factored into savings and cost deductions.
REGULATION AND OPERATION
As a result of the increased interest in green building concepts and practices, a number of
organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government
regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace green building with confidence. In
some cases, codes are written so local governments can adopt them as bylaws to reduce the
local environmental impact of buildings.
Green building rating systems such as BREEAM (United Kingdom), LEED (United States and
Canada), DGNB (Germany), CASBEE (Japan), and VERDEGBCe (Spain) help consumers
determine a structures level of environmental performance. They award credits for optional
building features that support green design in categories such as location and maintenance of
building site, conservation of water, energy, and building materials, and occupant comfort
and health. The number of credits generally determines the level of achievement.
Green building codes and standards, such as the International Code Councils draft
International Green Construction Code, are sets of rules created by standards development
organizations that establish minimum requirements for elements of green building such as
materials or heating and cooling.
 . THANK YOU