61 1

2017ISSN 0583-4961

91-051 (497.7)653

Abstract

The period after the emergence of Islam and its expansion in the middle ages can
be considered as a golden age for the development of geography and its related scientific
disciplines. That contribution, above all of the Arab and Persian geographers is nowadays widely
accepted. This original contribution consists of more than hundreds of books, monographs,
instruments, maps, diagrams etc. The more important the area was for the large country, the
more it was subject of research. As no other name on the Balkan Peninsula for a certain area,
the area of Macedonia is represented on multiple maps. This is due to the extremely important
location and other natural and geographical characteristics of Macedonia, but also due to the
famous past as one of the most important countries in ancient times. We believe that it is of
exceptional importance to research the maps and the geographical descriptions of Macedonia
made by the Arab and Persian geographers. Except the valuable and important information and
descriptions of the settlements, its especially important that we are able to follow the continuity
of Macedonia, without interruptions, from the ancient times to today. During the analysis, the
most important geographers of the abovementioned period were consulted. Special attention
was devoted to Idrisi as the most important geographer and cartographer from those times. In
this way we want to turn the attention to this, for the Macedonian public less familiar period.
We hope that this scientific work will be only the beginning of the researches on the maps,
manuscripts and the printed geographical works written in Arabic.

Keywords: geography, Macedonia, geographical maps, Idrisi

. -
.
. -
.
, .
VIII ,
,

73
 61 1 2017

,
-
, , .1
VII o XIII .2
-
.
, ,
. 3,
. , . .
,
, ,

.4

(813833). .
- ,5
.6 , .7
, ,

1 Subhi Y. Labib, Capitalism in Medieval Islam, The Journal of Economic History 29

(1), Cambridge University Press, New York, 1969, 7996.; Al-Monaes, Walled A., Muslim
contributions to geography until the end of the 12th century AD, GeoJournal, 25, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Norwell, 1991, 393400.
,
, (757796),
. Gareth Williams, Mercian
coinage and Authority, An AngloSaxon Kingdom in Europe, ed. Michelle P. Brown and Carol
A. farr., Leicester University Press, Leicester, 2001, 211.
2 John M. Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 2004, 2930.

3 Hamid Naseem Rafiabadi, Challenges to Religions and Islam, Sarup & Sons, New

Delhi, 2007, 634.

4 Anne Buttimer, Luke Wallin, Nature and Identity in Cross-cultural Perspective, Springer,

Dordrecht, 1999, 111.

5 Al-Masudi, Al tankih wal ishraf, Leiden, 1893, 3344, Arapsko-islamski uticaj na

evropsku renesansu, Islamska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Slovenije, Sarajevo,

1987, 214.
6 Richard Covington, The third dimension, Saudi Aramco World, may / june, Volume 58,

Number 3, Houston, 2007, 21.

7 .,

(IX-XIV ), , , 2011, 8082.

74


977 . (X )
( , . ),
( ,
. ) (IXX ).
1086 . .8
,
, ,
. , ,
. ,
,

.9
.10

( )11

8 Ibn Hawqal I, Topkapi Sarayi Mzesi Ktphanesi, (A. 3346), Istanbul, Turkey; Ibn
Hawqal II, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, MS. Arabe 2214, fols. 52v53.
9 VI VII ,

. , VIII
( )
() ,
( , ,
, , 1985, 6987).
.
10 Ibn awqals Kitb rat al-ar, Opus geographicum, Abu al-Kasim Ibn Haukal al-Nasibi,

The Second Edition (193839) by J. H. Kramers, BGA, reprinted, Leiden, 1967, 89, 60, 189.
11 Topkapi Sarayi Mzesi Ktphanesi, (A. 3346), fols. 3b-4a, Istanbul, Turkey.

75
 61 1 2017

12

(XIIXIII )
(Jami al-funun ve salavah al-mahzun, . )
. , ,
, , .
.13
( ).14
.
(XIIIXIV )
(
, . ). 15 ,
, ,
, , , , , , .
.15 , ,
.16
.
(XIII ),
( -
12 Forschungsbibliothek, MS. Orient A. 1513, fols. 46b-47a, Gotha.
13 Forschungsbibliothek, MS. Orient A. 1513, fols. 46b-47a, Gotha.
14 ., ..., 258261.
15 Topkapi Sarayi Mzesi Ktphanesi, A.3599, Istanbul; British Library, MS. Or. 1525,

fols. 8v9r, London; Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

16 ., ..., 274292.

76


-, . )17

. ,
, .
, , -
. .

18

17 Walters Art Gallery, fols. 52vo53r.; Forschungs-bibliothek, Gotha, MS. Orient A.

1507, fols. 95b96a.; Bo_leian Library, MS. Pococke 350, fol. 73v, Oxford.; University of
Manchester Library, UK Arabic MS 313[668] iv.; U.S. National Library of Medicine. MS P
1, fols. 71b-72a.; British Library, London, MS. Or. MS 3623, f. 5a.; University of Manchester
Library, UK, Rylands Collection, Persian MS 403, 199v.
18 Topkapi Sarayi Mzesi Ktphanesi, A.3599, fol. 52b, Istanbul.

77
 61 1 2017

19

(XIV XV ) -
. ( , .
). -
, .
, ,
. ,
,20 ,
. ,
.
.21

19 U.S. National Library of Medicine. MS P 1, fols. 71b72a.

20 ., ..., 271272.;
., ..., 25.
21 ., ..., 271-272.

78


22

-
,
,
. ,
, . 1099
110023 . , ,
.
.
II (11301154) .
.
548 .,

22 , E, No 1936,
f. 25b26a.
23 1100 . .

510 (11151116), , 16 .
( ,
, , 7980,
, , 2009, 60).

79
 61 1 2017

1154 .24
.
- - - .
,
.25 , ,
, , ,
.26 -
II,
. ,
, . ,
.
, 1162 .,27 1165 .28
1172 .29

24 , XII
, , , 1960, 10; Elter Istvn, Magyarorszg Idrisi Fldrajzi
mvben, Acta universitatis Szegediensis de Attila Jzsef Nominatae, Acta historica, tomus
LXXXII, Szeged, 1985, 5355.
25 -

.
26

, , 3,42 1,48 . ,
150 (Tadeusz Lewicki, Polska i kraje ssiednie w wietle Ksigi
Rogera geografa arabskiego z XII w. Al Indrisiego, cz. I, Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet
Orientalistyczny, PWN, Krakw 1945, 17). 1160 . -
II,
( , -,
, , , 1999, 22; Konrad Miller,
arabicae: Arabische Welt- und Laderkarten. Selbstverlag des Herausgebers Stuttgart
1926, 3839). ,
. .
10 , 4 , .. .
XIII XIV ,
, (Bibliotheque Nationale, 2221),
(Bodleian Library, Uri 887 Pococke 375), (Kprl
Ktphanesi, MS. 955) (, 3198). -
.
27 . , j (1154),

Monumenta cartographica Jugoslaviae, II., , , 1979, 12.

28 Csar E. Dubler, Idrisiana Hispanica I: Probables itineraries de Idrisi por al-Andalus,

. 30/1, Al-Andalus, 1965, 9496; Tadeusz Lewicki, Polska i kraje..., 1819.

29 Mirjanka Lechthaler, The World Image In Maps, Earth presentation in maps from the

Old Ages to Mercator, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg, Berlin, 2009, 6.

80


30

,
.
, ,31 360.
, 90
. , ,
-
.

() ,
.
.32 , -
, .

30 Bodleian Library, Department of ManuscriptsMS. Pococke 375-Uri 887, f. 3b4a,

Oxford.
31 E. Cerulli and others (ed.): al-Idrs: Opus geographicum, sive Liber ad eorum

delectationem qui terras peragrare studeant, consilio et auctoritate E. Cerulli, F. Gabrieli, G.

Levi Della Vida, L. Petech, G. Tucci Fasciculus primus. Fasc. IIX., Istituto Universitario
Orientale di Napoli; Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Neapoli-Romae, 1970, 7.
32 ., ..., 30.

81
 61 1 2017

.
70 . ,
, , , , , .,
.
, ,
. . , 2 500 ,
,33 7 000 .34

(V4).
-
( ) ,
, , .
. ( ,
, ), ,
, - .

35

V4
( , ),
, , -
.
, .
,
. , ,
VI4 VI5.36

33
Konrad Miller, arabicae..., 165.
34
, ..., 5.
35 1927 .,

1928 .
36 :

, : (), (), (-

82


,

-
. III
. , ,

,
.
, .
,
III ,
. ,


.
, ,
, ,
(9761018).

.
, -
. ,
V4 -
, ,
.
, V4, ,
, J
( )37 ,
( ).38 ,
( oe) .
39

, , 40 -
. .
, ,

), (), (), (), (),

() (). ,
, : (...).
VI5, , ,
.
37 .

.
38 (. Lezh, . Alessio, .

, . Le), .
39 (. Mali i Tomorit),

, .
40 -

, , .

83
 61 1 2017

. , , :
( ),41 ; ( ), ,
; ( ), ; ( ),
( ), .

V4 42

, V4,
30 , :
( )43, ( ), ( )44, -

41
: , , , (Tomaschek W., Zur Kunde der
Hamus Halbinsel. II / Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Phil.-hist.
Cl. Wien, 1887, 363).
42 , . , 176.,

.
43 . ,

, .
.
, .
44 . .

,
.

84


,45 ( ), ( )46, (
)47, ( )48, ( )49, -
(, )50, (, )51,

45 .
() .
,
().
46 , . , . -

, ,
. .
, -
,
.
47 , . -

. ,
. 879 .
, -
. , , ,
1020 ., -
II. ,
1082 ., 1108 .
.
, , 6
. , -
, . . ,

( ,
..., 111).
,
.
48 .

, , . ,
, .
49 , . , ,

. .
50 , . ,

, .
.
. .
51 . -

. . , ,
. ( , ..., 113).
, ,
(Konstantin Jireek, Die Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Constantinopel und die Balkanpsse,
Tempsky, Prag, 1877, 92; ., ..., 48;
. , ..., 16).

85
 61 1 2017

( )52 , ( )53 , -
( )54, ( )55, -

,

.
52 ,

. ,
/.
. , .
( , ..., 38, 114).
. ,
.
, . ,
,
, -
, .
53 . ,

, .
. .
, 5 ( , ,
, , 1971, 83116, 161172). .
( ) (IVV ),
. , ,
,
.
III VI . . . ,
, ,
( ,
, , , 1996, 135136).
,
,

. ,
, , .
54 .

, , .
(. , , , . .),
,
, . ,
.
.
55 , . , .

. , ,
. ( ,
..., 112; Joachim Lelewel, Geographie du Moyen age, T.1-4, Accompagne d'atlas
et de cartes dans chaque volume, Pilliet, Beruxelles, 18521857, 41).

86


(, )56, ( )57,
()58, (, )59, (,

, ,
.
56 .

, .
57 . , ,

, .
-
.
58

. 365 . . .
. , -
4 .
, , , ,
, , , , .
, :
, .
2004 ., , .
.
59 , -

.
( ) . .

(Giuliano Mion, La quarta sezione del quinto clima nella Geografia di al-Idrs, in A. Arioli (a
c. di), Miscellanea Arabica 20102011, Nuova Cultura, Roma, 2011, 202).
,
( , ..., 113; .,
..., 44). -
, ,
. . , . ,
. ,
. , ,
( , ..., 113), . (
,
, , 4, , 1968, 2848). ,
. ,
( ,
, , , 1953, 352). . , ,
,
() . -
, ,
( ., ..., 44),
. , , -
.
. .

87
 61 1 2017

)60, (j, j )61, ( )62, (

,
, , .
.
, ,
, , -
, .
60 . . . ( ,

..., 112; Tomaschek W., Zur Kundel..., 780.), . .

. ( ,
, , --
( ),
, 1929, II , , , 1981, 8;
, e , , 1932, 110.
, , , 1935, VII/4).
. ,
.
,
. ,
: , , , , , .
( ,
- ,
, . , , 2004, 93).
,
() . ,
, ( . ., .
., . . , , ,
, , 1973, 232233).
.
, , ,

. .
61 , ,

.
. , ,
,
. . ,
(. Lipjani), . . . -
,
. -
, .
62 , .

, . , , .
, ,
, , .
, , ,

88


)63, (, )64, ( )65,

( ), ( )66, (
)67 ( ).68

,
, -
, .
.

.

, , ,
, .
63 , . , , .

.
.
, .
64 . .

,
, .
65 .

. ,
, ,
( ., ..., 54).
,
.
66 . .

, .
, ,
( ), , , ,
.
: , ( , ..., 113.).
67

. .
: V3 ( ) V4 ( -
).
(. . ). .
,
, . , ,
( , ..., 43, 116; .,
..., 5556).
68 -

, . , , .

89