61 1 2017

ISSN 0583-4961

94323.1(=163.3:497.7)1903

1903

Apstract

In the year 1903, Macedonia and its people were denominated by the terms: The Three
Vilayets and The Christians of the Three Vilayets.
This denomination, suggested by Russia, was supported by both France and Austro-
Hungary. This act of the three European powers in February 1903 was followed by and act by
the Sultan, who in april of the same year forbade the use of the name Macedonia.
The article looks at the reasons behind- and the consequences of the denomination,
concluding that it aided the division of Macedonia, which benefitted the neighboring Balkan
countries; this was done through the decompounding of Macedonia as a distinct country and
the deconstruction and elimination of Macedonians as a political subject. This was the way how
Macedonia and Macedonians were delegitimized in regard to article 23 of the Berlin agreement
(in regard to seeking autonomy). In other words, they were bound to the fate of the Ottoman
Empirein the case of its collapse or its withdrawal from the Balkans caused by military force.

Keywords: Denomination, Macedonia, Macedonians, Russia, Russian politics, Vilayets,

Christians, division, neighboring Balkan countries.

1. -

1903 . () ,
- .
, ,
, 7 1903
, ,
, . , (. -
) -,
. , ,
1, -
,

1 (). . 151. . 482. .

1008. . 8485.

149
 61 1 2017

2.
, , ,

(
) . , ()
, 7 1903
.
: (...) -
,
, ()
, .3

,
.


23
,

() . , e ipso
, XIX
(
) (, ) -
4. ,
, ,


() .
-
,
1903 .
. , -



. , ,

,
5.
2 .
3 : , . 2006,
317318.
4 : . 1994, 137143; .

., , 18561917. 1952, 303308.

5 : 1909, 2009,

2627, 44, 57.

150


-
30 1904 6 , -
,
, -

-. ,
,
[ . . .]
.7
1903 (
) 8.
2.
(, ),
, . ,

1886 9

1912 1913 .

10, -
11

6 . 1994, 137138.
7 : - 1878 1947. .
2009. . 6, 6364.
8 : , 1902 1903. .- 1906. . 11, 13, 16, 26;

, 1903 1905. .- 1906. . 14, 17, 78;

, 1903 1913. ,
2003. . 46, 158161.
9 : . .,

XIX (1878 1898). 1994, 7880.

10 ,

29
/13 1912 , ( )
( ),
, , , , , , ,
. : , ,
1875 1919. 1994. . . 28 I II, 162166.

, ,
. , .. ,
1919 .
11 : .. .

1949, II, 200219; Rossos Andrew, Meubalkanska rivalstva i ruska vanjska

politika 1908 1914. Zagreb 1992, 1778.

151
 61 1 2017

,
12.

. (
) -
, , ,
. , ,

,
60%
13. ,


.
, 1878 -
.

( II)14, ( -
II)15 , , () (
II )16.


.
.

( ) , 1886 ,
,
, III,
, 17,

12 , , , a
, ,

, ,
. ,

. :
. 1914.
13 . ., .

(1908 1914). 2010.

14 II. . 1998.
15 : . ,

: . 1962, 120 .
16 . - , 1932; .

, 1980.
17 ,

III : . .. , ..., 7880.

152


(, ) -
.
() -
, , . ,
,
, -

() -
, 18.
, , ,
. ,
,

19.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
( ),
20.

, .
, , XIX
- -
21 .
-, ,
1897 , ,
,
22. -

, -
.
3. -

, -
18 : Kemal H. Karpat, Milets and Nationality: The Roots of the Incongruity of Na-
tion and State in the Posst-Ottoman Era, in Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The
Functioning of a plural Society, 141167. Benjamin Brande Bernard Jewis eds. 1982.
19 BOA Rumeli MfettiliiJandarma,Miriget ve Kumandanlk Evrak 34.3340.3.8.
20 , : . , - 1903;

. , 2002, 134172.
21 , ,

28 1902 , ,
,
. : , -
, 1994, 79.
22 , .

153
 61 1 2017

23. ,
, ,

. ,
, XIX -

( ) .
,
, ,
.
, , , -
, .. (1897) ,
, , : (...)
(...) ,

, .
(...) (...) -

.24 -
, . , 1901 ,

..
, .
..
,
,
25.
, : ,
( ) (-
) .26
, ,
1902
,
, 27.

23
: - , -
. 1995; ,
, 2016.
24 : . ,

, 1995, . I. 259260.
25 : ,

, . 1983, . I, 58.
26 .
27 : Le movement Macedonie 1902 1903 ( 1902 1903),

2002, 215 (
, . I, . 16 5 1902 .)

154


, -
: , -
, , , ,
, ,
, , 28.
.. 1902
1903 ,
. , , 1903 , -
, , .
, :
, , -
(...)
(...).29

30.
,
,
, ,


,
, 31.
4. ,

. , ,
,

32. -
,

33.
, -
, ,
-

28 . ., (1897 1902). . 2004, 19.

29 . . 151. . 482. . 1013. . 485487.
30 . . 151. . 482. . 2629. . 3436 189190; . . 151. . 482.

. 1008. . 33; . . 151. . 482. . 564. . 30; . . 151. . 482. . 1475.

. 324; . . 151. . 482. . 2633. . 1.
31 . . 151. . 482. . 1011. . 144, 150.
32 . ., (1897 1902), 19; (18931919). -

. 2007, . 110; , , 106107;

, , 2004, . . 168, 169, 170, 175, 177, 178, 179.
33 .

155
 61 1 2017

34. ,

,
-
.
, ,
,
,
35. -
,
,
,
, -
,
, .
( )
,
, .. , -
, 36.

. , 1906 , 1908
( ), , -
, , 4 687
2 232 ,
37.

.
5. ,
(
),

, ,
, .
, , -
, ,
, 23
34
. . 151. . 482. . 2629. . 262263.
, , 1903
. , . 1011, . 187188.
35 : , 351, 1; (1893 1919), . I, . 2, .

. 267, . 788793 798809 ( . 2 . 4

).
36 : , . I,

1977, . . 89, 114, 123, 128; , . II, . . 14, 16, 18, 26, 30, 31, 37, 38, 87, 118,
118, 127; , , 146149.
37 .

156


,
38.
, ,
, , -


, (
) . ,
( )
, 39.



, ,
.40
6. -
, -
,
, ,
, ,

38 23
1868 ,

, 1880 (
).
() . :
- . , , 1903, 2025. ,
1880

,
. 1880.
1985, 320325.
39 : , ,

(. . 151. . 482. . 2629. . 2123)

. , , ,
, 7 1903 (. . 151. . 482. .
1008. . 8485). ,
. 2013, 8798 ( . 9394).
40

, ,
, ,
(, )
.

. :
. 1914.

157
 61 1 2017

, .
, 1903 1905 ,
1897 1912 ,
1912 1913
,

.
.
/ , ,
.. ,
41.

41 : , . 1936.

158