WIND LOADING (BS6399)

10000

8000
20000 10000
Plan Elevation

Building data
Type of roof; Flat
Length of building; L = 20000 mm
Width of building; W = 10000 mm
Height to eaves; H = 8000 mm
Eaves type; Sharp
Reference height; Hr = 8000 mm

Dynamic classification
Building type factor (Table 1); Kb = 1.0
Dynamic augmentation factor (1.6.1); Cr = [Kb  ( Hr / (0.1 m) )0.75] / ( 800  log( Hr / (0.1 m))) = 0.02

Site wind speed

Location; Aberdeen
Basic wind speed (Figure 6 BS6399:Pt 2) Vb = 24.3 m/s
Site altitude S = 0 m
Upwind distance from sea to site dsea = 4 km
Direction factor Sd =1.00
Seasonal factor Ss = 1.00
Probability factor Sp = 1.00
Critical gap between buildings; g = 5000 mm
Topography not significant
Altitude factor; Sa = 1 + 0.001  S / 1m = 1.00
Site wind speed Vs = Vb  Sa  Sd  Ss  Sp = 24.3 m/s
Terrain category; Town
Displacement height (sheltering effect excluded); Hd = 0mm

The velocity pressure for the windward face of the building with a 0 degree wind is to be considered as 1 part as
the height h is less than b (cl.2.2.3.2)
The velocity pressure for the windward face of the building with a 90 degree wind is to be considered as 1 part as
the height h is less than b (cl.2.2.3.2)
Dynamic pressure - windward wall - Wind 0 deg and roof
Reference height (at which q is sought); Href = 8000mm
Effective height; He = max(Href – Hd, 0.4  Href) = 8000mm
Fetch factor (Table 22); Sc = 1.044
Turbulence factor (Table 22); St = 0.182
Fetch adjustment factor (Table 23); Tc = 0.798
Turbulence adjustment factor (Table 23); Tt = 1.552
Gust peak factor; gt = 3.44
Terrain and building factor; Sb = Sc  Tc  (1 + (gt  St  Tt) + Sh) = 1.64
Effective wind speed; Ve = Vs  Sb = 39.9 m/s
Dynamic pressure; qs = 0.613 kg/m 3  Ve2 = 0.978 kN/m 2
Dynamic pressure - windward wall - Wind 90 deg and roof
Reference height (at which q is sought); Href = 8000mm
Effective height; He = max(Href – Hd, 0.4  Href) = 8000mm
Fetch factor (Table 22); Sc = 1.044
Turbulence factor (Table 22); St = 0.182
Fetch adjustment factor (Table 23); Tc = 0.798
Turbulence adjustment factor (Table 23); Tt = 1.552
Gust peak factor; gt = 3.44
Terrain and building factor; Sb = Sc  Tc  (1 + (gt  St  Tt) + Sh) = 1.64
Effective wind speed; Ve = Vs  Sb = 39.9 m/s
Dynamic pressure; qs = 0.613 kg/m 3  Ve2 = 0.978 kN/m 2

Size effect factors

Diagonal dimension for gablewall; aeg = 12.8 m
External size effect factor gablewall; Caeg = 0.941
Diagonal dimension for side wall; aes = 21.5 m
External size effect factor side wall; Caes = 0.909
Diagonal dimension for roof; aer = 22.4 m
External size effect factor roof; Caer = 0.907
Room/storey volume for internal size effect factor; Vi = 0.125 m 3
Diagonal dimension for internal size effect factors; ai = 10  ( Vi )1/3 = 5.000 m
Internal size effect factor; Cai = 1.000
Pressures and forces
Net pressure; p = qs  c pe  Cae - qs  cpi  Cai;
Net force; Fw = p  Aref;

Roof load case 1 - Wind 0, cpi -0.30, - cpe

Ext pressure Dynamic Net
External size Area, Net force,
Zone coefficient, pressure, qs Pressure,
factor, Cae Aref (m 2) Fw (kN)
c pe (kN/m 2) p (kN/m 2)
A (-ve) -2.00 0.98 0.907 -1.48 12.80 -18.95
B (-ve) -1.40 0.98 0.907 -0.95 19.20 -18.21
C (-ve) -0.70 0.98 0.907 -0.33 128.00 -41.91
D (-ve) -0.20 0.98 0.907 0.12 40.00 4.64
Total vertical net force; Fw,v = -74.42 kN
Total horizontal net force; Fw,h = 0.00 kN
Walls load case 1 - Wind 0, cpi -0.30, - cpe
Ext pressure Dynamic Net
External size Area, Net force,
Zone coefficient, pressure, qs Pressure,
factor, Cae Aref (m 2) Fw (kN)
c pe (kN/m 2) p (kN/m 2)
A -1.37 0.98 0.941 -0.97 25.60 -24.90
B -0.82 0.98 0.941 -0.47 54.40 -25.37
w 0.83 0.98 0.909 1.03 160.00 164.92
 Ext pressure Dynamic Net
External size Area, Net force,
Zone coefficient, pressure, qs Pressure,
factor, Cae Aref (m 2) Fw (kN)
c pe (kN/m 2) p (kN/m 2)
A -1.37 0.98 0.941 -0.97 25.60 -24.90
B -0.82 0.98 0.941 -0.47 54.40 -25.37
w 0.83 0.98 0.909 1.03 160.00 164.92
l -0.50 0.98 0.909 -0.15 160.00 -24.18

Overall loading
Equiv leeward net force for overall section; Fl =Fw,wl = -24.2 kN
Net windward force for overall section; Fw = Fw,ww = 164.9 kN
Overall loading overall section; Fw,w = 0.85  (1 + Cr)  (Fw - Fl + Fw,h) = 163.6 kN

Roof load case 2 - Wind 90, cpi -0.30, - cpe

Ext pressure Dynamic Net
External size Area, Net force,
Zone coefficient, pressure, qs Pressure,
factor, Cae Aref (m 2) Fw (kN)
c pe (kN/m 2) p (kN/m 2)
A (-ve) -2.00 0.98 0.907 -1.48 5.00 -7.40
B (-ve) -1.40 0.98 0.907 -0.95 5.00 -4.74
C (-ve) -0.70 0.98 0.907 -0.33 40.00 -13.10
D (-ve) -0.20 0.98 0.907 0.12 150.00 17.41
Total vertical net force; Fw,v = -7.83 kN
Total horizontal net force; Fw,h = 0.00 kN
Walls load case 2 - Wind 90, cpi -0.30, - cpe
Ext pressure Dynamic Net
External size Area, Net force,
Zone coefficient, pressure, qs Pressure,
factor, Cae Aref (m 2) Fw (kN)
c pe (kN/m 2) p (kN/m 2)
A -1.60 0.98 0.909 -1.13 16.00 -18.07
B -0.90 0.98 0.909 -0.51 64.00 -32.44
C -0.90 0.98 0.909 -0.51 80.00 -40.55
w 0.73 0.98 0.941 0.96 80.00 76.89
l -0.50 0.98 0.941 -0.17 80.00 -13.36

Overall loading
Equiv leeward net force for overall section; Fl =Fw,wl = -13.4 kN
Net windward force for overall section; Fw = Fw,ww = 76.9 kN
Overall loading overall section; Fw,w = 0.85  (1 + Cr)  (Fw - Fl + Fw,h) = 78.1 kN
 20000

2000
D

10000
6400

C
1600

A B A

4000 12000 4000

Wind - 0o
Plan view - Flat roof

8000
w

20000
Windward face
3200 6800
8000

8000

A B l

10000 20000
Side face Leeward face
 20000

2500
A

10000
5000

Wind - 90 o
B C D
2500

A
1000

4000 15000

Plan view - Flat roof

8000
w

10000
Windward face
2000

8000 10000
8000

8000

A B C l

20000 10000
Side face Leeward face