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William Averdieck
WilliamA@PCME.co.uk
Objective of 13284-2
(Selection, commissioning, calibration and
on- going service of Particulate AMS)
Ensure AMS measures at the Emission Limit Value with total uncertainty less
than 30%
80
70
60
Dust (mg/m3)
50
mg/m3
10
0
30-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul
Relevant new standards
Standard/ requirement
Scope Status
Linearity
check
Calibration
check
Customer
purchase
QAL 1 QAL 2 QAL 3 AST QAL 3
On going QA
Instrument Calibration
certification Zero and Span
1 year
Time
QAL2 : 15 point calibration over 3 days
5 points over 3 days (Emissions <30% of ELV)
Method A regresssion
Use un-normalised data to calculate regression curve Normalise the calibrated values ->
AMS signal SRM Cal. AMS
x y Var(x) Var(x,y)
4.59 3.68 5.14 4.44 3.34 y = 0.7141x + 0.0659
R2 = 0.8746
5.13 4.34 7.86 7.34 3.73
7.49 4.68 26.72 15.27 5.42 6.00
2.40 2.44 0.01 0.05 1.78
2.98 2.89 0.43 0.76 2.19 5.00
SR M valu e (actu al m g /m 3)
1.34 0.29 0.96 1.40 1.02
1.10 1.46 1.48 0.32 0.85 4.00
1.19 0.30 1.29 1.61 0.91
1.03 0.18 1.66 1.99 0.80 3.00
3.09 2.01 0.59 0.22 2.27
1.42 0.63 0.81 0.98 1.08 2.00
0.44 0.83 3.54 1.68 0.38
0.70 0.41 2.64 2.13 0.56 1.00
0.76 0.77 2.45 1.49 0.61
1.19 0.93 1.29 0.91 0.91 0.00
2.32 1.72 56.87 40.61 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00
AMS signal
b var(x,y)/var(x) 0.71 Calibration factor adjustment
a y-bx 0.07 Offset adjustment
Instructions
This calculation gives the calibration factor adjustment: New Cal Factor = Old Cal Factor x Calibration Factor Adjustment
It also shows any OFFSET which needs ADDING to the CALIBRATED AMS signal
QAL2 calibration range
Calculation of valid calibration range
AMS
Duct Ambient O2 Value @
Sample AMS AMS Pressure Pressure Oxygen Moisture T P corrected Moisture STP
Number I Signal x Value y Temp 'C mm Hg mmHg % % corrected corrected (11%) Corrected Nmg/m3
1 4.59 3.34 163 -3.0 751.5 11.17 13.72 5.34 5.42 5.51 6.39 6.39
2 5.13 3.73 164 -3.0 751.5 11.10 11.22 5.96 6.06 6.12 6.89 6.89
3 7.49 5.42 169 -3.0 751.5 11.54 10.99 8.77 8.90 9.42 10.58 10.58
4 2.40 1.78 163 -3.0 751.5 11.58 11.92 2.84 2.88 3.06 3.47 3.47
5 2.98 2.19 163 -3.0 751.5 11.36 11.27 3.50 3.55 3.69 4.15 4.15
6 1.34 1.02 150 -3.0 750.8 11.27 9.95 1.59 1.61 1.66 1.84 1.84
7 1.10 0.85 152 -3.0 750.8 11.27 11.79 1.33 1.35 1.39 1.58 1.58
8 1.19 0.91 152 -3.0 750.8 11.26 10.62 1.42 1.44 1.48 1.66 1.66
9 1.03 0.80 152 -3.0 750.8 11.11 13.13 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.48 1.48
10 3.09 2.27 153 -3.0 750.8 11.28 12.29 3.54 3.60 3.71 4.23 4.23
11 1.42 1.08 147 -3.0 742.5 12.24 12.55 1.66 1.71 1.95 2.23 2.23
12 0.44 0.38 146 -3.0 742.5 10.33 12.37 0.58 0.60 0.56 0.64 0.64
13 0.70 0.56 147 -3.0 742.5 10.40 12.50 0.87 0.89 0.84 0.96 0.96
14 0.76 0.61 148 -3.0 742.5 11.07 13.37 0.93 0.96 0.97 1.12 1.12
15 1.19 0.91 151 -3.0 742.5 11.14 13.85 1.42 1.46 1.48 1.71 1.71
155 -3.0 748.3 11.21 12.10 2.73 2.78 2.87 3.26 3.26
Note: you should use compensation parameters measured by client MAX 10.58
Instructions:
This shows the valid calibration range. Calibration must be redone if the daily average exceeds this.
Variability Test
Variability test
Calculation of Sd using normalised values
AMS calibration
SRM (stardard value (standard
conditions) conditions) Di square(Di-D)
7.04 6.39 0.65 0.43 Require Sd < sigma*Kv
8.03 6.89 1.14 1.31
9.14 10.58 -1.44 2.07 Sd 1.02
4.78 3.47 1.30 1.70 sigma 1.53 30% of ELV as 95% confidence ELV = 10
5.49 4.15 1.33 1.78 Kv (15) 0.98
0.53 1.84 -1.32 1.73 sigma*Kv 1.49
2.69 1.58 1.12 1.25
0.55 1.66 -1.11 1.22 1.02 < 1.49 Variability test pass
0.34 1.48 -1.14 1.30
3.74 4.23 -0.48 0.23 Instructions
1.31 2.23 -0.93 0.85 Enter the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV)
1.40 0.64 0.76 0.58 The variability test passes if Sd < Sigma*Kv
0.70 0.96 -0.26 0.07
1.42 1.12 0.30 0.09
1.74 1.71 0.03 0.00
-0.0030 1.02 Sd
Objective of QAL 3
Quality Assurance Level 3
• To ensure AMS meets required uncertainty on a continuous basis (ongoing
Quality Assurance).
1200
1000
Check
Span
800
Dust
600 Expected Zero
Expected Span
400
200
Check
Zero
0
11:08 11:11 11:13 11:16 11:19
How do you check zero and span
for a dust AMS?
Dust interaction volume for core
dust measurement techniques
Side/back scatter
Interaction volume
Beta Attenuation
Electrodynamic
Tribolectric
Precision
Drift
• Precision
– Closeness of agreement of AMS results for successive zero and
span readings
• Drift
– Change in calibration response over period without maintenance
causing change in measured readings
Sources of uncertainty
(example)
2xS
Light
source
Receiver and Apply shewart approach to
electronics automatic checks within
instrument
ZERO CHECK
REFLECTOR
UPSCALE
CHECK FILTER
Dual Beam Opacity
D-CEM 2000 (Codel)
Alignment
Optic cleanliness Optic cleanliness
Source Source
•Incinerators
•Cement Kilns (EP and
bagfilter controlled)
•Oil and Gas fired PP
Span and zero check on LMS-181
Beam Optics Receiver optics
Span check
Remove
sensor from
stack and
insert audit
material
Beta Attenuation
Beta 5m (Environment SA)
Volume
sampling membrane of a
known mass by
unit area*
Manual application of * All the references are linked to the National Standard
•Incinerators
(Bagfilters and EP)
•Oil and Gas fired PP
•Cement Kilns
(Bagfilters and EP)
Span test within PFM-97
Signal Rod
processing integrity
P1 (probe 1 signal)
P2 (probe 2 signal)
MCERTs certification:
0- 15mg/m3
Span and Zero check on DT-991
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Instrument output
TTEEOOM
M 77000000 SSPPM
M ssyysstteem
m ccoom
mppoonneennttss
S t a ck
W a ll
M a s s tr a n s d u c e r
a t e n d o f p ro b e Port w / Probe
S u p p o r t M e c h a n is m
P ro b e G a s C o n tr o l
(M a s s tr a n s d u c e r o n h in g e ) U n it
Transducer
G as dr y er
V o l. m e a s u re m e n t
Pu m p U n it
Mass
P r e s s u r e s e n s o rs
S a m p le V a c u u m
U s e r in t e r f a c e &
E le c tr o n ic s P u rg e S u p p ly
F lo w c o n t ro lle rs Pumps
P ito t / T e m p . P o w e r s u p p lie s
In le t S e n so r S a m p lin g P la t f o r m
N o z zl e
A ss e m b l y
H e a te d E l e c tr ic a l /
P n e u m a tic U m b il ic a l
E l e c tr o n i c
C o n n e c tio n s
S a m p l e F lo w
P u rg e F lo w
M a s s tr a n s d u c e r P u m p a n d c o n t ro l u n its