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7. RESULTS OF TENSION
The tensile tests were conducted for several samples of both
bamboo and bamboo twig specimens. Their failure pattern,
ultimate and yield strength will be discussed in the following
section. Tension tests were performed for specimens with
different conditions of gripping.
Fig. 3. Preparation of sample Fig. 4. Prepared bamboo sample as
bamboo by using fem reinforcement
6. TEST SETUP
For tension test, Universal testing Machine was used. The
specimen (finished bamboo) under tension test has been shown
Fig. 8. Splitting and grip failure (sample-1)
in Fig. 7.To derives the stress-strain characteristics, the
Table I
Results of tension test for bamboo reinforcement
Y
109.0
Table II
C
Results of tension test of bamboo reinforcement without grip failure
0.70 2.9
Specimen Avg. Failure Stress at Failure type
No. Area Load Failure
2
Fig. 17. Stress- strain curve of bamboo samples
(mm ) (kN) (MPa)
Table III
1 232 31.3 135 Splitting Stress-strain data for bamboo (sample-1)
Load Area Stress Displacement Strain( X 10-
2 265 37 139.6 Splitting (kN) (mm2) (Mpa) (mm) 3
)
3 297 33.4 112.5 Splitting (mm/mm)
0 234 0.0 0 0.00
4 219 26 118.7 Splitting 0.88 234 3.8 0.15 0.56
5 239 30.4 127.2 Splitting 1.32 234 5.6 0.18 0.67
1.76 234 7.5 0.21 0.78
7.3 STRESS STRAIN RELATION 2.64 234 11.3 0.23 0.85
Stress-strain data are shown for sample-1 and sample-2 in the 3.52 234 15.0 0.25 0.93
Table III and Table IV. The gage length was taken between 5.28 234 22.5 0.3 1.11
203 mm and 254 mm for all the samples. The stress-strain 7.48 234 31.9 0.31 1.15
curve for sample-1 and sample-2 is shown in Fig. 16. From 7.92 234 33.8 0.33 1.22
this curve, the yield strength has been calculated by offset 9.68 234 41.3 0.335 1.24
method. The offset is the horizontal distance between the 11 234 47.0 0.34 1.26
initial tangent line and any line running parallel to it. The value 13.2 234 56.3 0.48 1.78
of the offset for a given material is usually expressed this way: 15.4 234 65.7 0.61 2.26
Yield Strength, 0.1% Offset. “0.1% Offset” means 0.1% of 17.6 234 75.1 0.77 2.85
the fundamental extension units of inches per inch, or 19.8 234 84.5 1.01 3.74
0.001in./in. along the X-axis. Now using that as the origin, a 22 234 93.9 1.14 4.22
line (C-D) parallel to the initial tangent line was drawn. It is 24.2 234 103.3 1.25 4.63
noted that the line C-D intersects the stress- strain curve at a 26.4 234 112.7 1.38 5.11
certain point Y shown in the Fig. 17. The ordinate of this point 28.6 234 122.1 1.54 5.70
(the amount of stress in psi) is the yield strength at 0.1%
Offset.
8. CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental studies presented in this paper, the
following conclusions can be drawn:
(i) If tension tests are conducted without specimen end
preparation, actual results may not be found due to smashing at
the grip location especially for bamboo twig specimen but if
the grip is prepared by using GI wire then no smashing and
slippage occurs at that location. Without end preparation, the
strength is considerably low because of premature failure at
the grip.
(ii) In general, sample failure was accompanied by tension
failure for bamboo specimens.
(iii) In case of specimens with ends wounded by G.I wire,
the tensile strength failure was observed is nearly uniform and
their failure pattern is also similar as splitting parallel to the
grain. The average tensile strength with prepared ends
(wounded with G.I wire) has been found to be higher than the
specimens without prepared ends. This reduced strength is due
to the premature failure at the grip.
(iv) Bamboo specimen shows some nonlinearity before its
failure.
(v) The modulus of elasticity, E of bamboo is found to be