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Ki Hajar Dewantara real name R.M. Suwardi Suryaningrat.

He comes and family descent


Yogyakarta Palace. He changed his name without a title of nobility to be closer to
the people. After completing primary education, he studied at STOVIA, but did not
finish it because of illness. BeIiau then worked as a journalist in several
newspapers, among others De Express, Indian envoy, and Youth. As a good writer,
writing is able to evoke the spirit of the anticolonial Indonesian people.

Ki Hajar Dewantara also active in politics by joining the Budi Utomo, then set up
the Indische Partij as the first political party wing nationalism Indonesia on
December 25, 1912 along with two colleagues, Douwes Dekker and dr. Cipto
Mangunkusumo. Ki Hajar Dewantara also gave birth to the formation of Bumiputra
Committee in 1913 as a protest against plans commemorate kemerdekaannyaa
Netherlands and France. He then made a scathing article in the daily De Express
that berjudui "lk Als een Nederlander" (If I'm A Dutch). Through this article, he
quipped Netherlands who want to celebrate 100 years of kemerdekaannyaa and French
in the colonies by using public money Indonesia. Here's an excerpt.

"If I were a Dutchman, I'm not going to organize parties in the country's
independence we have looted their own independence. Parallel to the line of thought
that, not only unfair, but also inappropriate to send Si inlander contribute to
fund the celebration. the idea for a celebration in itself is insulting them, and
now we rake anyway pocket. Let's go ahead and unseen insult it! If I am a Dutchman,
things particularly offends me and my friends countrymen is the fact that inlander
required to participate finance an activity that no slightest interest for him "

As a result, the Netherlands was immediately sentenced him to exile. Together


Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangoenkoesomo, he exiled to the Netherlands. In the
Netherlands, Ki Hajar Dewantara advantage of the opportunity to explore issues of
education and teaching. After returning to the homeland, Ki Hajar Dewantara focus
struggle through education by establishing universities Student Park on July 3,
1922. JuIi College is a place to instill a sense of nationality to their students.
Doctrine Ki Hajar Dewantara famous is sung tulodo ngarsa ing, ing middle Mangun
intention, and tut wuri handayani. This means that is in front of an example, in
the middle of giving spirit, and in the back of encouragement. Thanks to his
outstanding contribution in the field of education, the government establishes him
as the Father of Education and date of birth, 2nd of May as National Education Day.
In 1957, he received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa and Gadjah Mada University.
Two years after obtaining the degree, he died on 26 April 1959 tanggat in
Yogyakarta and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata

Ki Hajar Dewantara memiliki nama asli R.M. Suwardi Suryaningrat. Beliau berasal dan
keluarga keturunan Keraton Yogyakarta. Beliau mengganti namanya tanpa gelar
bangsawan agar dapat lebih dekat dengan rakyat. Setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan
dasarnya, beliau belajar di STOVIA, tetapi tidak menamatkannya karena sakit. BeIiau
kemudian bekerja sebagai wartawan di beberapa surat kabar, antara lain De Express,
Utusan Hindia,dan Kaum Muda. Sebagai penulis yang handal, tulisannya mampu
membangkitkan semangat antikolonialisme rakyat Indonesia.

Ki Hajar Dewantara juga aktif di bidang politik dengan bergabung ke dalam Budi
Utomo, lalu mendirikan Indische Partij sebagai partai politik pertama yang
beraliran nasionalisme Indonesia pada tanggal 25 Desember 1912 bersama kedua
rekannya, Douwes Dekker dan dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo . Ki Hajar Dewantara juga ikut
membidani terbentuknya Komite Bumiputra di tahun 1913 sebagai bentuk protes
terhadap rencana Belanda memeringati kemerdekaannyaa adan Perancis. Beliau kemudian
membuat sebuah tulisan pedas di harian De Express yang berjudui �Als lk een
Nederlander� (Seandainya Aku Seorang Belanda). Melalui tulisan ini, beliau
menyindir Belanda yang hendak merayakan 100 tahun kemerdekaannyaa dan Perancis di
negeri jajahan dengan menggunakan uang rakyat indonesia.
Akibatnya, Belanda pun langsung menjatuhkan hukuman pengasingan. Bersama Douwes
Dekker dan Cipto Mangoenkoesomo, beliau dibuang ke Belanda. Di Belanda, Ki Hajar
Dewantara memanfaatkan kesempatan mendalami masalah pendidikan dan pengajaran.
Setelah kembali ke tanah air, Ki Hajar Dewantara memusatkan perjuangan melalui
pendidikan dengan mendirikan perguruan Taman Siswa pada tanggal 3 JuIi 1922.
Perguruan ini merupakan wadah untuk menanamkan rasa kebangsaaan kepada anak didik.
Ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara yang terkenal adalah ing ngarsa sung tulodo, ing madya
mangun karsa, dan tut wuri handayani. Artinya adalah di depan memberi teladan, di
tengah memberi semangat, dan di belakang memberi dorongan. Berkat jasanya yang
besar di bidang pendidikan maka pemerintah menetapkan beliau sebagai Bapak
Pendidikan dan tanggal lahirnya, 2 Mei sebagai Hari Pendidikan Nasional. Pada tahun
1957, beliau mendapat gelar Doctor Honoris Causa dan UniversitaS Gadjah Mada. Dua
tahun setelah mendapat gelar tersebut, beliau meninggal dunia pada tanggat 26 April
1959 di Yogyakarta dan dimakamkan di Taman Wijaya Brata

Nama Asli :
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat
Lahir :
Yogyakarta, 2 Mei 1889
Wafat :
Yogyakarta, 26 April 1959
Makam :
Wijayabrata, Yogyakarta

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