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Vendor master data contains data about the vendor such as name, address, language, contact details, bank details, account control, etc. This information can
also be used in Materials Management (MM), if possible try to maintain each vendor centrally, what I mean is that try to have one and only one account
(sometimes its not possible) for the vendor.
Purchasing data (conditions (order currency, incoterms, etc), sales data, control data
Purchasing
(automatic purchase order, GR-based invoice verification, ABC indicator, etc)) specific to the purchasing organization
Organization data
Partner functions
A account group determines the characteristics of the master record as the type of number assignment, whether the account is for one-time vendors what
fields are to be displayed, etc. Each master records has a unique record number determined by number intervals or an external numbering system. You can
restrict access to master records using authorizations.
We have already discussed number ranges in our document section, for vendor number ranges we will use transaction code XKN1, you can see the number
ranges I have already created blow,
We have already discussed account groups in the G/L accounting section, you can use transaction code OBD3, as you can see I have already create a
number of account groups, to get more detailed information just double-click on the account group. You must have at least one account group defined, then
you must create at least as many accounts groups as there are number ranges. You can only delete an existing account group if no master record is
referencing that account.
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You can use transaction code OBAS to assign the number ranges to the account groups, again I have already assigned the accounts groups to the number
ranges.
Dual control allows you to control sensitive fields preventing any unauthorized changes to the field such as payment terms, alternate payee or payment
methods. You can define what fields are sensitive, the system will block these fields unless another authorized person confirms the changes individually
(transactions code FK08) or for a number of fields in a list (transaction code FK09). To setup the sensitive fields we will use transaction code
S_ALR_87003179, you can see in the screenshot below that I have made the alternate payee field a sensitive field.
Now we can look at defining the accounting clerks who will give the authorization, we will use transaction code OB05, I have create myself an clerk ID
for company code DD11
Create the master data in both accounting and purchasing in one step
Create the master data in only the company code for accounting purposes only
You can create the master data by using a reference to an already existing master data record
Lets have a look at creating the master data record in one step in both accounting and purchasing, for this we will use transaction code XK01, from this
transaction we can create both master data in accounting and purchasing or create a master data by using the reference section (simply select an existing
master record), leave the account when copy from an existing and the system will automatically make sure that the vendor is in the same account group.
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If you want to create the vendor for accounting purposes only then use transaction code FK01, as you can see the only difference with above is the
purchasing organization option is missing
One final point to make is that if you want copy vendor master records from one company code to another then use transactions FK15 (send) and FK16
(receive), the below screenshot is the part of the FK15 transaction code
You can also create one-time vendor accounts, which when you create the master data no specific data is held, but when you post the system will
automatically take you to a master data screen to enter the specific vendor information, this information will be stored separately in the document. If you
want to delete master vendor data you can using transaction code OBR2, you can run a test before you actually delete anything. The master records must
not be production active, also if the master record is referenced to another master record you should start the program SAPF047 to generate link
information of such referenced records before carrying out any deletion, be very care when deleting master records. If you get an error message stating that
you cannot delete the data as it is a productive system then use transaction code OBR3
You can also delete transactional data from a specific ledger for a particular fiscal year using transaction code FAGL_DEL, the filter screen (left-hand
screenshot) you can enter the ledger company code, account number and fiscal year. You can also delete transactional data in a particular company code to
prepare it for production startup, you can use the IMG (right-hand screenshot).
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Business Transactions
Business transactions need to be setup to make the processing transaction easy and fast, first we will look at the terms of payment (or payment terms), such
as number of days by which a payment is to be made or if you will give any discount for early payment. The payment terms are defined by a four-character
key once define you can assign them in the vendor or customer master records. SAP comes with several payment terms already configured but you can
define your own by using transaction code OBB8,
Lets create a new payment term for Datadisk Mobility, by selecting the new entries button and fill in the details, once you have saved if you look at the
bottom of the screen yo can see that payment term in plain old English.
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You can define cash discount base for incoming invoices using transaction code OB70, this can also be define using transaction code OBY6 under option
discount base is net value
There may be times when you want to release a payment that has been blocked, once released you can then pay for that line item. You will need to
configure the workflow variant with the document types for payment release, the level at which the release happens and who can release the payment and
up to what amount. we will use transaction OBWA,
Now we can assign the above variant/s to the company codes using transaction OBWJ,
Next we will define release approval groups for release of payment, we need to create approval group first using transaction code OBWB,
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Since the system determines the subflow based on the release approval path and the amount we now need to define the release approval path, using
transaction code OBWC,
Next we tie everything together, the approval groups, release approval paths, workflow variant, document type using transaction code OBWD,
We now need to to assign the above procedures (for amount and payment release) for each combination of workflow variant, release approval path,
currency and amount, we will use transaction code OBWE,
You can also define relevant document types for release of payment using transaction code OBWQ, I will leave you to invest this option.
The authorization is in the form of an organizational object (business unit a user is attached to or the position of an individual in the organization) that will
then be assigned to the release approval step. We will use transaction OBWP, the currency will be completed by the system. If you highlight an entry and
then select goto -> details (org object) you can then add the organizational group or type of role as you can see in the right hand screenshot
You can define payment block reasons to identify and differentiate the invoices that are blocked for payment, once defined payment reasons are available
for all company codes. We will use transaction code OB27, SAP supply a number of payment block reasons as seen in the below screenshot.
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Outgoing Payments
Outgoing payments are payment to your external (business partners that you purchase goods and services) and internal vendors(your staff or other
divisions of your company), you will need to configure the following for outgoing payments
Global settings
Manual outgoing settings
Automatic outgoing payments
We will start with the global settings, you will need to define various accounts to record payment information, (such as cash discount), overpayment, and
underpayment, rounding off differences and exchange rate differences, use transaction code FBKP to see the auto acc detrmn transctn
You can also see them in the IMG as per the below screenshot
Once you have created the accounts we can define the posting keys for clearing, we will use transaction code OBXH, which we have already seen in the
G/L account open item clearing.
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You can enable translation posting which means you will post the translation gain/loss when clearing open items in a foreign currency, we will use
transaction code OB66, the translations are posted if the items to be cleared have already been revalued once during foreign currency valuation. The SAP
system posts the difference to a separate translation account with the offsetting entry posted to a clearing account.
We can now set the payment block reason with the associated terms of payment key, when entering vendor or customer postings you will see that the
system proposes the terms of payment with the block reason of the payment terms key, use transaction code OBBC, notice that payment terms DDV2 will
propose the block reason as "B -blocked for payment" when a payment term is proposed for the vendor.
This completes the global settings and we move onto the manual outgoing payment configuration, we have setup the global settings above and thus we
need to only configure the below for the manual outgoing payments
Similar to tolerance groups for G/L accounts, we need to create a similar setup for vendors, the SAP system when using tolerance groups will use the
lower tolerance if more than one group is available, you should setup a null group which will act as the default tolerance group and any others that you
need to place additional limits, we will use transaction code OBA3, in the screenshot below on the left hand side you can see the D11 tolerance group and
on the right hand side you can see the null tolerance group for DD11 which has more restrictive amounts.
grace days due - the number of days is added to the payment deadlines so that you can still provide a cash discount after the deadline has passed
arrears base date - use the drop down values to indicate how the arrears base date is arrived at, leave blank if you want the days in arrears
according to the document date.
cash discount terms displayed - this specifies to display the cash discount terms, blank, 0 or * will display the discount term, 1,2 or 3 will display
the respective cash discount term
permitted payment differences - self explaining
payment terms from invoice - use this if you want the terms of payment to be transferred from the original line item to residual items created
because of under/over payments
fixed payment terms - the payment terms will not be transferred from the original document
only grant partial cash disc - grant only a partial cash discount if an outstanding receivable is posted due to an insufficient payment when clearing
an invoice
dunning key - select an appropriate key if you want the system to enter the dunning level into an automatically generated residual line item
Defined for each company code the reason codes help you to post residual items and partial payments to an account ( from payment differences) in
processing outgoing payments manually. The reason codes 050 and 060come with the SAP system, you can use transaction code OBBE,
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c - this is the charge indicator, so that payment differences with this reason code are charged off via a separate G/L account depending on the reason
code
d - this will provide disputed items from payment differences during residual item formation.
do not copy text - used for not copying the reason code predefined text into the segment text of the residual item or partial payment so that you can
enter the text manually
adv note diff - select if you do not want to consider the tolerance for payment advice notes
We will need to maintain the pairs of company codes for which you want to make manual outgoing payments, for each of the clearing transactions such as
outgoing payments (AUSGZAHL), incoming payments (EINGZAHL), credit memo (GUTSCHRI) and transfer postings with clearing (UMBUCHNG)
you may maintain the company code pairs, we will use transaction OB60, the first column is the paying company code that will make payments on behalf
of the company code in the third column
You can use SAP's payment program to handle both outgoing and incoming payments automatically, you can use several payment methods (cheque, bill of
exchange, etc), the program comes with required forms and print programs that meet country specific payment requirements of almost all countries, the
program can help you with the following
The payment program determines what is to be paid, when to pay it and how to make the payment, through payment rules that you define in the payment
program configuration, you can even group several open items that are to be paid into a single payment. The rules will determine the due dates for
payment, payees to whom the payment should be made, house banks from where the payment should be processed and the appropriate payment methods
relevant for the payee or country. The configuration order is the following
Transaction code FBZP will allow use to configure the above, you can also use transaction code OBVU (configure paying company code) and OBVCU
(configure the payment methods)
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We will start with all company codes as we want company code DD11 to take care of the payments for company code DD12, so select the top button and
then select the new entries button,
Now we can move on to the paying company codes, we will use transaction code FBZP, and select the paying company codes button, then select new
entries, remember to configure for each company code
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Next we setup the payment methods per country for payment transactions, we will again use transaction FBZP and select the pmnt methods in country
button, we will be using the stand SAP supplied methods, on the initial screen you see that each country as a number of payment methods, the screenshot
below display the US has 10 different payment methods.
Now on to setting up the payment methods per company code for payment transactions, this stipulates the conditions for a particular payment methods
usage, you can determine the minimum and maximum amount limits for each of the payment methods and specify the grouping criteria for the payment
items, you can also make specifications for foreign currency payments, payment form per payment method and optimizing bank selection, again use FBZP
and select the pmnt methods in company code button. You will need to create for each company code and each payment method
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The below diagram determines the correct payment method as the payment method can be maintained in many places,
We can how configure the line item to determine the bank from the customer and vendor master records or maintain the bank to be used for payments, we
will need to configure the following
We will first create a house bank and define the bank accounts that we will use, a house bank contains all the banks with which your company maintains a
bank account, you will have a house bank for each bank you do business with, see bank accounting for more information, this configuration will then be
used for the bank determination, we will use transaction code FBZP and select the house banks button, in the screenshot on the left you can see that we
have created a house bank for CITI and entered the bank for CITI, you can also add contact details, etc. Once the CITI house bank has been created we can
then add the bank accounts to this bank which you can see in the screenshot on the right, you may have more than one account in the CITI house bank, just
add additional accounts here.
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Finally you will end up with all the account/s for your bank/s here
Now we have our house banks configured we can configure the bank determination, we can use transaction code FBZP and select the bank determination
button, on the initial screen highlight the company code and then you can see the bank selection to the left
ranking order - the permitted house banks and the ranking order which will be used for payment
bank accounts - the bank accounts that will be used for payment
available amounts - the amount limits that are available for the payment run
value date - the elapse days between the posting date of the payment run and the value date at the bank
expenses/charges - any charges that the bank has levied on any payments, either as a absolute amount or as a graduated scale by maintaining the
charge indicator
I am not going to go in to much detail as most of it is self explaining, the below screenshot is the ranking order, the highest ranking order will be used first
if a number of house banks are identified
The screenshot below lists all the accounts that are associated with the house bank, you can also assign a business area
The next screenshot details the available amounts for outgoing and incoming, if the amount on the bank account is not sufficient for an outgoing payment
it does not attempt to draw the balance from another bank, instead the payment program selects another bank to see if there is sufficient amount to cover
the entire payment, based on ranking order, if it does not find another bank account then the payment is not made. You can leave the incoming payment
amount as blank which means it will receive all incoming payments.
The value date represents the probable number of days before the debit/credit memo is accounted into a bank account, by adding these days to the posting
date the system arrives at the date on which the debit/credit memo is to be expected on the bank account. You can also maintain value date rules so that the
system determines the value date automatically using a bank calendar and/or individual agreements with the bank as decision criteria
So now we have configured the bank determination for payment transaction what does actually happen during a payment run, for a payment method and
currency combination the payment program identifies the house bank, if no house bank is identified the program tries for a house bank for the same
payment method without currency specification. The same iteration is then carried out to determine the appropriate account ID, the program then checks if
the available amounts are sufficient to make the payment, if more than one house bank is identified the payment is made from the house bank with the
highest priority according to the ranking order defined, if there is a payment optimization entry, the selection will be based on this which override the
ranking order. If an house bank is not found then the payment will not be made.
We mentioned the value date above now lets define the value date rules, you have seen how to add a lag between the posting date and the value date by
maintaining the days to value date in the payment configuration settings or check cashing time in the customer and vendor master record. You can also
define a rule for each payment transaction (for example crediting an incoming check) at a house bank to arrive at the value date automatically, we will use
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transaction code OBBA, when configured the system will add or subtract the specified days as a deviation to the reference date (document or posting
date), the system then checks the resulting date with a factory calendar to decide whether it is a working day before finally deciding the value date for that
transaction.
You can use the transactions codes O7V4 and O7V5 for the settings for displaying payments and the settings for displaying line items.
The SAP system comes with several standard posting keys and special G/L indicators, however you can change (not recommended) or create new entries
using transaction code OBXC, you should see three procedures ZBA - bank posting, ZWE - bill of change/payment request and ZWO - bank bill liability
grouped under the ZAH (payment program), for each of these procedures you can see the default postings keys, you can see ZBA posting keys in the
below screenshot
You can also see the similar settings that are available for the automatic posting for payment requests covered under the the procedure ZAF, use transaction
code OBXP.
You can generate payment media using either the classic payment medium programs (RFFO*) or the payment medium workbench (PMW). You can use
transaction code SE71 to copy an existing standard form and make changes to it, if you desire. To change the standard text that you want for the letter
head, letter footer and the sending address in the letter window per company code you can use transaction code S_ALR_87003346.
Next assign the payment form to each of the payment methods you have defined for your company code, we will transaction code S_ALR_87003339, you
can see in the screenshot below that I have assigned the payment form to each of the company codes, you may enter a second form for payment methods
that use two forms (for example F110_US_DATA as the next form for a payment method like T, W, etc).
Next we assign the appropriate classic payment medium program (RFFO*) to each of the the payment methods for the country to create the payment
media, we will use transaction code S_ALR_87003353, as per the screenshot below
Reporting
Reports help you to analyze accounts payables that allow you to monitor and manage account balances, as part of the reporting SAP provides standard
evaluations and drilldown reports. An evaluation is made up of a evaluation view, evaluation type and evaluation. The evaluation can retrieve data for
example modeling you organization by grouping company codes in different countries. You will need to define these variants and attach them the same to
the data retrieval program (RFKRRSEL), for each of the evaluation views you can define the evaluation types like due date, overdue items or currency
risk, you can also if the evaluation data is to be regenerated every time the evaluation is run. You can access all the standard evaluations using transaction
code S_ALR_87012077 (vendor information system) or F.46
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The drilldown reports you can use the standard reports as per the table below or use customizing activities to define the form or report, define the global
variables and translate the report.
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