What is Macular ?

DIABETIC
EYE DISEASE Macular is made up of millions of light
sensitive cells cone. It provide us
MACULAR sharp and central vision and accurate
knowledge about shape,size, and
DEGENERATION distance of any object. Macula is
most sensitive part of the retina that
turns light into electric signal and
sense to brain through optic nerve.

The vision deacrease with time and age factor due to

main part of retina (Macular)

-
SYMPTOM CAUSES

Lost ability to see fine, contrast and - Diabetis mellitus

sharpness affected central vision, - Smoking
problem in driving, identify face, - Alcohols
seen black spotting, diffulities in - Sunlight
reading, writing, things appears
- Obesity
shacking, unable to assume distance.
- Hypertension
- Genetic

Macular degeneration is caused

by the deterioration of the
central portion of the retina
Fact: (macula) the inside back layer of
Macular Degeneration the eye that records the image
we see and send them via the
tendsto affect women more
optic nerve from the eye to the
than man
brain.
 MEDICATION TREATMENT

INTRAVITREAL DRUG *SURGERY

THERAPY (INSIDE THE EYES) TREAMENT GOAL : MAXIMIZE
REMAINING VISION
BEVACIZUMAB (Avastin)
Stem cells have the potential to replace
PEGAPTANIB (MACUGEN) many cells of the body. Adipose tissue
NURSING
stem MANAGEMENT
cells can differentiate into epithelial
RANIBIZUMAB (LUCENTIS) cells and retinal pigment can potentially
replace the tissue damaged in the
AFIBERCEPT (EYLEA) affected Macula

MANAGEMENT
Usually no treatment
May use photocoagulation
Low vision aids, special lenses,
magnifying glasses are useful
Assses patient coping
Maximize safety
Assess ability to perform ADLs
Types
t of Macular
TEST / EXAMINATION
Macular Degeneration
1. Visual Acuity Test
2. Visual Fiely Analysis
1. DRY (Atrophic)
3. Amsler Grid Test
2. WET (Neovascularization or exudative)
4. Retinal Imaging
most Md starts as a dry and progresses
5.Fundus Photography
to wet type.
6. Fluorescein Angiography
/ICG
A stage of Diabetic Eye Disease ”NPDR”
7. OCT
(Non-proliperative diabetic retinopathy)
- This is the early stage of Diabetic
Eye Disease. Many people with
Diabetes have it.
Macular Edema
With NPDR tiny blood vessel leak, making
the retina swell, when the macular swell,
it is called Macular Edema, this is the
most common reason why people with
Diabetes lose their vision
DEFINITION OF MACULAR DEGENERATION

PROGNOSIS
It is medical condition which
EARLY DIAGNOSIS IS
may result in blurred or no
CRITICAL TO PREVENT
vision in the center of the
BLIDNESS
visual field.

Early on there are often no

symptoms. Over time,
however, some people
experience a gradual
worsening of vision that may
affect one or both eyes.

It is due to deposition of
cholesterol at retina, which
damage the Macula of the
retina.