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PCSPL Mould

3 PIER MOULD DESIGN


3.1 Pier
Diameter 1.65 m
Minimum Height of pier H h = 17.50 m
Maximum Height of pier H h = 17.50 m
o
Concrete temperature at placing T = 30.00 C
Concreting done in single pour
Green concrete pressure
Concrete Pouring Rate R = 2.00 M/Hr
Green Concrete Density D = 2.60 Mt/Cum
Using concepts developed at the Cement and Concrete Association and during recent research on the mechanisms
creating formwork pressures between maximum(2), the data for OPC concrete were analysed to quantify the
relationships between maximum pressure, vertical form height, rate of rise, and concrete temperature at placing.
Modifications to these basic relationships were then developed for concrete containing admixtures. This analysis led to
the following expression for the maximum concrete pressure on formwork:

0.5 0.5 0.5


Pmax = D x (C1 x ( R)^ + C2 x K x ( H - C1 x (R)^ )^ ) kN/Sqm
Where D = 26.00 kN/Cum
C1 x (R)^0.5 = 2.12 -
C2 x K (H - C1 x (R)^0.5)^0.5 = 1.08 -
Hence D x (C1 x ( R)^0.5 + C2 x K x ( H - C1 x (R)^0.5)^0.5) = 83.26 kN/Sqm

Pmax = = 8.326 Mt/Sqm


Where
C1 coefficient dependent on the size and shape of formwork
0.5
(see Table 1 for values), = (mh)^ = 1.50
C2 coefficient dependent on the constituent materials of the concrete
0.5
(see Table I for values), = (m)^ = 0.45
D wet density of concrete = 26.00 kN/Cum
H vertical form height = 17.50 m
h vertical pour height = 17.50 m
o
T Concrete temperature at placing in Degrees Centigrade = = 30.00 C
2
K temperature coefficient taken as = (36/(T+16))^ = = 0.612
R the rate at which the concrete rises vertically up the form = = 2.00 M/Hr

When C1 x ( R)^0.5 > H, the fluid pressure (D x h) should be taken as the design pressure
0.5
When C1 x (R)^ >H
With Columns C1 = 1.50
R = 2.00 M/Hr
Hence C1 x (R)^0.5 = 2.12
NOT >H H = 17.50 m
Then the fluid pressure
should be taken as the design pressure (D x h) =
Hence The fluid pressure
The term C1 x (R)^0.5
incorporates the effects of vibration and workability, because these factors are largely dependent on size,
shape and rate of rise. All the effects of the height of discharge, cement type, admixtures, and concrete
temperature at placing are incorporated in the term:
0.5
C2 x K (H - C1 x (R)^ )
With C2 = 0.45
K = 0.6125
H = 17.50 m
C1 = 1.50
R = 2.00 M/Hr
0.5 0.5
Hence C2 x K (H - C1 x (R)^ )^ = 1.08

The design chart, Table 2, quantifies these equations for normal UK conditions where the concrete placing temperature is
o
between 5 and l5 C- Pressure values shown in bold on the chart are for placing conditions broadly covered by pressure
measurements on site, where the highest recorded pressures were 90 kN/m2 for wall and 166 kN/m2 for columns. 6
Values not in bold are outside recorded experience. They are in accord with the general trend, but may be somewhat
conservative.

No change is proposed in the design pressure envelope from that given in the ClRIA Report 1 design method. The

Circular Pier
PCSPL Mould

envelope (sec Figure 3) comprises fluid pressure to the depth where the maximum pressure obtained from the design
equation or chart occurs and then remains at this value.
In theory, a rigid form would experience a reduction in pressure after the maximum. In practice, forms are not rigid, and
some stress remains between the form and concrete. For this reason, no reduction in pressure after the maximum is
given in the design pressure envelope.
Table 1: VaJues of coefficients C1 and C2 Walls C1 1.00
Columns C1 1.50

Concrete Values of C2
(1) OPC. RHPC or SRPC without admixrures C2 0.30
(2) OPC, RHPC or SRPC with any admixture, except a rctarder* C2 0.30
(3) OPC. RHPC or SRPC with a retarder C2 0.45
(4) L HPBFC, PBFC, PPFAC or blends conlaBniag less than 70 % ggbfs C2 0.45
or 40 % pfa without ad mixtures
(5) LHPBFC, PBFC, PPFAC or blends containing less than 70 % ggbfs C2 0.45
or 40 % pfa with any admixtures, except a retarder*"
(6) LHPBFC. PBFC. PPFAC or blends containing less than 70 % ggbfs C2 0.60
or 40 % pfa with a retarder †
Blends containing more than 70 % ggbfs or 40 % pfa † C2 0.60
CIRIA Report 108 Page No 10
Table 2 Design Icrmwork pressures (kN/ms)
Srl No CONCRETE Concrete COLUMNS
GROUP teperature (0C) A column is a section wnhere both
plan dimension are < than 2 m
Form Rate of rise (m/h)
height (m) 2.00 4.00 6.00 10.00 15.00
2 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00
3 65.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(1) OPC.
5.00 4 95.00 115.00 125.00 145.00 150.00
RHPC or
6 J15 135.00 145.00 170.00 190.00
SRPC
10 [JO 150.00 135.00 190.00 210.00
without
2 65.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 15.00
admixrure
3 75.00 90.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
s& (2)
1 10.00 4 80.00 100.00 115.00 130.00 150.00
OPC, RHPC
6 95.00 115.00 130.00 150.00 175.00
or SRPC
10 105.00 123.00 140.00 165.00 150.00
with any
2 60.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00
admixture,
3 65.00 85.00 95.00 100.00 100.00
except a
15.00 4 75.00 90.00 105.00 130.00 150.00
retarder*
6 80.00 100.00 115.00 140.00 165.00
10 90.00 110.00 125.00 150.00 175.00
(3) OPC.
2 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00
RHPC or
3 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SRPC with
5.00 4 120.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 150.00
a retarder
6 145.00 160.00 175.00 195.00 215.00
&
10 170.00 190.00 205.00 225.00 245.00
(4)
2 75.00 15.00 75.00 75.00 75.00
LHPBFC,
3 85.00 95.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
PBFC,
2 10.00 4 95.00 110.00 125.00 145.00 150.00
PPFAC or
6 115.00 130.00 145.00 170.00 130.00
blends
10 130.00 150.00 165.00 190.00 210.00
conlaBniag
2 65.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00
less than
3 75.00 90.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
70 % ggbfs
15.00 4 80.00 100.00 115.00 135.00 150.00
or 40 %
6 95.00 115.00 130.00 155.00 175.00
pfa
10 105.00 125.00 140.00 165.00 190.00
without
* 1 The pressure not in bold are outside recorded experience.
2
The highest recorded pressures on site were for walls 90.00 kN / m
2
The highest recorded pressures on site were for columns. 166.00 kN / m
2
All values are rounded to the nearesrest 5.00 kN / m
7

Circular Pier

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