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Tunisian Republic University of Monastir

Ministry of Higher Institute of Computer Science


Higher Education and Scientic Research of Mahdia

WIRELESS NETWORK

Elaborated by : Responsible Teacher :


Mlle. Ben Hadj Amor Fatma Mr. Bannour Ahmed
Mlle. Hmidi Nibrasse
Mlle. Warrad Karima

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PLAN

1 Introduction

2 Clasication of Wireless Network

3 Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

4 Link Quality in Wireless Networks

5 Security

6 References

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Introduction

Wireless network is a exible data communications system


Use wireless media such as radio frequency technology to transmit and
receive data over the air
Used to provide last few stages of connectivity between a mobile user
and a wired network

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Clasication of Wireless Network

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Clasication of Wireless Network

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

Wireless networking technology used across the globe


Wi connect devices to each other uses wirelesslan
All devices connected to each other through access point
Access point works as central controller

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) TYPES OF ACCSS POINT

There are two types of access point :


Software access point
Hardware access point

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) TYPES OF ACCSS POINT

SOFTWARE ACCESS POINT

Does not limit the type or number of network interfaces you use.
It may also allow considerable exibility in providing access to dierent
network types.

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) TYPES OF ACCSS POINT

HARDWARE ACCESS POINT

Available with various types of network interfaces, such as Ethernet or


Token Ring.
Require extra hardware to be purchased if your networking
requirements change.

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) SERVICE SET

The standard denes two kinds of services :


Basic service set (BSS)
Extended service set (ESS)

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) SERVICE SET

BASIC SERVICE SET

IEEE 802.11 denes BSS as the building blocks of a wireless LAN.


BSS is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional
central base station, known as the Access Point (AP).
The BSS without an AP is a stand-alone network and cannot send
data to other BSSs. It is called an ad hoc architecture. .
A BSS with an AP is sometimes referred to as an infrastructure BSS.

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) SERVICE SET

EXTENDED SERVICE SET

ESS is made up of two or more BSSs with APs.


Combination of basic service set.
Here the APs connected to each other in the BSSs.
IEEE 802.11 does not restrict the distribution system,it can be any
IEEE LAN such as an Ethernet

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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Why WI-FI

Convenience : Flexibility of time and location


Mobility : Access the internet evenoutside their normal work

environment
Productivity : Potentially be more

Deployment : Requires little more than a single access point

Expandability : Serve a suddenly-increased number of clients

Cost

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks

We investigate the characteristics of two physical layer metrics :


RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication)
LQI (Link Quality Indication)

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator

It's an estimate of average received signal power


RSSI measurements represent the relative quality of a received signal
on a device.
The higher the RSSI value, the stronger the signal
When measured in negative numbers, the number that is closer to
zero usually means better signal.

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks LQI

Link Quality Indicator

An indication of the quality of the data packets received by the


receiver.
Used as a measure of the signal quality.
A measure of the total energy of the received signal.

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks RSSI & LQI

How RSSI and LQI work ?

A weak signal in the presence of noise may give low RSSI and high LQI
A weak signal in "total" absence of noise may give low RSSI and low
LQI
Strong noise may give high RSSI and high LQI
A strong signal without much noise may give high RSSI and low LQI
A very strong signal that causes the receiver to saturate may give high
RSSI and high LQI
RSSI & LQI values are not necessarily linked,but low LQI allow Invalid
RSSI

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks RSSI & LQI

to minimize the range errors for improving the RSSI based indoor
localization we made an experiments in three dierent environments, which
are
Path 1 : open space environment
Path 2 : half-open and half-closed space environment
Path 3 : closed space environment

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks RSSI & LQI

It was veried that the increasing signal strength became more similar to
the form of a log model, and the decreasing signal strength was more
distorted because of more noise.

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks Advanced Smoothing Approach of RSSI and LQI

Advanced Fusion Filter

Reduced the noise level by performing two ltering processes(both LQI and
RSSI lters)

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks Advanced Smoothing Approach of RSSI and LQI

Improved Fusion Filter

Filtering method to reduce the range errors by eectively eliminating


the noises in the rough RSSI signals.
More eective when compared with the previously mentioned LQI,
RSSI, and fusion lters.

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Link Quality in Wireless Networks Advanced Smoothing Approach of RSSI and LQI

It was veried that the AFF and IFF denitely reduced the noise level at
the points where the noise levels rapidly increased.
This implies that because the AFF and IFF have excellent noise elimination
performance when estimating the range using the RSSI

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Security

Use security protocols

WEP(wireless encripted protocol)


WPA(wireless protected access)
WPA2(wireless protected access version2).
Each of these standards has dierent levels of security.

Use a VPN (Virtual Private Networks)on Open Networks


Change the default Service Set Identier (SSID)
Change administrative credentials (username and password)

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References

https ://www.lifewire.com/intro-to-wi--network-security-818349
https ://www.wi-.org/news-events
https ://www.wi-.org/discover-wi-/security
https ://phoenixts.com/
http ://journals.sagepub.com

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