EET2166

Tutorial- Three-phase Circuits Term: 1710

1. A three-phase power system consists of an ideal 208 V, Y-connected three -

phase generator connected to a Y-connected load through a three phase transmission
line. The transmission line has an impedance of 0.06 + j 0.12 Ω /phase. The load
impedence is 12+ j 9 Ω per phase. Draw a diagram showing the arrangement
and the single phase equivalent circuit. Find the
(a) magnitude of the line current
(b) magnitude of the phase and line voltages
(c) real, reactive and apparent powers consumed by the load
(d) power factor of the load
(e) real, reactive and apparent powers consumed by the transmission line
(f) real, reactive and apparent powers consumed by the generator
(g) power factor of the generator
(h) efficiency of power transmission

(Ans: a. 7.94 A; b.119.1 V, 206.3 V; c.2270 W, 1702 VAR, 2839 VA; d.0.8 lag;
e.11.3 W,22.7 VAR,25.3 VA; f.2281 W,1725 VAR,2860 VA; g. 0.798 lag ;
h. 99.5%.)

2. The phase sequence of the Y-connected generator in Figure Q2 is ABC.

(a) Find the phase angles θ2 and θ3.
(b) Find the magnitude of the line voltages.
(c) Find the line currents.
(d) Verify that, since the load is balanced, IN = 0.

Figure Q2
(Ans: a:-120°; +120° b: 208 V c: 24 A<-53.13°; 24A<-173.13°; 24A<66.87°)

3. Fig. Q3 shows a Y-connected load

(a) Obtain the average power to each phase and the total load.
(b) Find the reactive power to each phase and the total reactive power.
(c) Calculate the apparent power to each phase and the total apparent power.
(d) Find the power factor of the load

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Figure Q3
(Ans.a:2400W; 7200 W b: 3200 VAR; 9600 VAR c: 4000VA; 12000 VA d: 0.6 lag. )

4. For the Δ-Y connected load of Fig. Q4, find the total average, reactive, and apparent
power. In addition, find the power factor of the load.

Figure Q4
(Ans: 13614.41 W; 4789.19 VAR Cap.; 14432.2 VA; 0.943 lead )

5. A 345 kV, three phase transmission line delivers 500 MVA, 0.866 power factor
lagging, to a three phase load connected to its receiving end terminals. Assume the
load is Y connected and the voltage at the receiving end is 345 kV, find:
(a) The load impedance per phase.
(b) The line and phase currents.
(c) The total real and reactive power.
(Ans: 206+j119 Ω; 836.7A<-30°; 836.7 A<-30°; 433MW; 249.9 MVAR)

6. Fig. Q6 shows a one-line diagram of a small 480 V industrial distribution system. The
power system supplies a constant line voltage of 480 V, and the impedance of the
distribution line is negligible. Load 1 is a Δ-connected load with a phase impedance of
10∠30°Ω, and load 2 is a Y-connected load with a phase impedance of 5∠−36.87°Ω.

(a) Find the overall power factor of the distribution system.

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(b) Find the total line current supplied to the distributor system

Figure Q6
(Ans: a: 0.997 lag. b: 117A)

7. Determine the equivalent single (i) delta-connected load (ii) star-connected load for the
three phase load in Fig.Q4 and find the total average, reactive, and apparent
power and power factor of the load and compare the results obtained in Q.4

(Ans: (i) 7.846 – j2.77 Ω ; (ii) 2.617 – j0.9439 Ω; 13602W; 4803 VAR, 14424 VA,
0.943 lead)

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Review Questions:

1. What types of connections are possible for three-phase generators and loads?
2. What is meant by the term “balanced” in a three-phase system?
3. What is the relationship between phase and line voltages and currents for a wye(Y) connection?
4. What is the relationship between phase and line voltages and currents for a delta (Δ) connection?
5. What is phase sequence? Why is it important for three-phase motor connection? Explain how
phase sequence of a three-phase supply can be determined using a Y connected circuit consisting
of 2 lamps and one capacitor.
6. Write the equations for real, reactive and apparent power in three-phase circuits in terms of both
line and phase quantities.
7. Explain how to convert from Y to equivalent Δ and Δ to equivalent Y.

Additional problems for practice:

1. A three phase heater dissipates 15 kW when connected to a 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz line. Determine
the following:
a. The line current and the resistance of each resistor if the resistors are connected in Y.
b. The line current and the resistance of each resistor if the resistors are connected in Δ.

2. The windings of a 3-phase motor are connected in delta. If the resistance between two terminals is
0.6 Ω, what is the resistance of each winding?

3. A 60hp, 3 phase motor absorbs 50kW from a 400V, 3-phase line. If the line current is
60A,calculate the following:
a. The efficiency of the motor
b. The apparent power absorbed by the motor
c. The reactive power absorbed by the motor
d. The power factor of the motor
e. The energy consumed by the motor in 3 hours

4. Two 60W lamps and a 10 µF capacitor are connected in Y. The circuit is connected to the
terminals X-Y-Z of a 3-phase 400V supply outlet. The capacitor is connected to terminal Y, and
the lamp that burns brighter is connected to terminal X.
a. What is the phase sequence?
b. Draw the phasor diagram for the line voltages.

5. A 200kW, 600V 3-phase electric heater is installed in a hot water boiler.

a. What power does it produce if the line voltage is 400V?
b. One of the fuses protecting the heater is removed so as to reduce the heat produced by
the boiler. What power does the heater produce under these conditions?