CERTIFICATE

This to certify that is Ram Prakash of VII Semester, B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) 2014-
18, has presented a project titled PREPAID METER USING GSM” in partial fulfilment for the
award of the degree of bachelor of technology under Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

Date:…………..

Mr. Shubhas Mr Vikram Singh

(Project Co-ordinater) (H.O.D)

 A

Minor Project Report

On

Footstep Power Generatation

submitted

in partial fulfillment

for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in Department of ELECTRICAL Engineering

Submitted To Submitted By
Mr. Vikram Singh Ajeet Kumar Singh
(Head Of Department) Roll No.14EAOME052

Department of Electrical Engineering

Arya Institute of Engineering Technology &Management

Rajasthan Technical University

2014- 2018
 Acknowledgement

I would like to first of all express my thanks to Dr. Arvind Agarwal, president of Arya Group
of Colleges, for providing us such a great infrastructure and environment for overall
development.

I express sincere thanks to Dr. I.C. Sharma, the principal of AIETM, for his kind cooperation
and extensible support towards the completion of our project.

Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to Mr. Ankur Dutt Sharma, Head of ME
Department, for consistent encouragement and support for shaping our project in presentable
form.

I also express my deepest thanks to Mr. Shubhash (Project coordinator), for their support.

Name:-

AJEET SINGH
 PROJECT APPROVAL

The Project entitled “Prepaid Metering using Ajeet SINGH student of 4th year (7th Semester)
B.Tech iElectrical Engineering is approved as a partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
bachelor of technology of Arya Institute of Engineering Technology And Management, Jaipur.

External Examiner
 Candidate’s Declaration

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Project entitled Prepaid
metering using GSM” in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of “Bachelor of
Technology” in Electrical l Engineering, Arya Institute of Engineering Technology and
Management, Affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University is a record of my own work carried
out under the guidance of Mr. Shubhash Project coordinator, Department of Mechanical
Engineering.

(Signature of Candidate)

Ajeet Singh
 INDEX

Abstract………………………………………………………………………….1

Introduction……………………………………………………………………..1

Block Diagram………………………………………………………………....2

Hardware Recuirement.……………………………………………………….2

Software Recuirement………………………………………………………....3

Need for Prepaid Energy Meter System..…………………………………….4

Advantage………………………………………..……………………………..5

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………6

ABSTRACT
  The concept of Electronic Energy meters are introduced in the power sector to
Effectively Monitor the billing faults, power theft and minimize the losses that are
incurred due to conventional Electromechanical Energy Meters.

 Prepaid Energy meter is a multipurpose project which can integrate all the functions
like billing and automatic message response to the Energy Department into it.

 This project is powered by an on-board power supply takes the ac power and converts
it into dc power that is fed to on-board devices and integrated circuits.

1.INTRODUCTION
The concept of electronic energy meters has been introduced in the power sector to effectively
record the units consumed for billing purposes and also monitor several other factors to reduce
power theft and minimize losses that occurs due to conventional electromechanical energy
meters.This is a multipurpose project that integrates all the functions including a prepaid
billing arrangement and automatic message sending system to the utility company. It may
please be noted that it is truly not a usable commercial product engaging actual prepaid card
but uses a set of switches for understanding the technology implemented behind it.This project
uses an 8051 microcontroller to which a GSM modem is interfaced .From here the message is
sent to the phone number that is auto saved by giving a missed call to the SIM number present
in the GSM modem.There are a set of pushbuttons, which are used to load, any recharge
amount required. Such arrangement is in lieu of an actual prepaid card for demo purposes. By
pushing those buttons one can easily recharge the amount. As soon as the microcontroller
receives any recharge amount, a switch is set , to deliver power to the load. Thereafter
consumption of the load power is calculated by the energy meter, which is interfaced to the
microcontroller through an Optical Isolator IC.
The microcontroller program then starts to deduct the recharge amount as per the consumption
of load power. Once the recharge amount reaches to zero then the microcontroller cuts the
power supply to the load through a relay driven duly by a NPN transistor and also sends a
message to the phone number stored that contains all the billing information.
The concept can further be extended by integrating a RFID smartcard wherein each card is
provided to automatically recharge the amount and send the same information via GSM
module to the respective phone number stored

BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1) 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
 Model no is AT89S51
 It is a smaller computer
 Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER AT89S52/51

Features of AT89S51/52
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable
(ISP) Flash Memory
 Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer
PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S51
 40 Pin IC
 4 Ports
 32 Programmable I/O Lines

2) GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a
subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected
to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the
mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile
internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS
messages

GSM COMMUNICATION
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum
around 900MHz.
A. Mobile Station: The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a
normal hand-held cellular telephone.
B. Base transceiver station: The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception
devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.
3) BC547
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
 The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V,
100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
 Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after
that only current will pass from collector to emitter

4) MAX232
 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port to
signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
 The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and
RTS signals .
 When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V,
and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL

5) LCD
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines,
respectively.

DISPLAY UNIT LCD BACKGROUND

 If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8
lines for the data bus)
 The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW EN=Enable (used to tell the
LCD that you are sending it data)
 RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command) (When RS is
High(1), data being sent is text data )
 R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD) (When RW is
high (1), the data reading to the LCD)

6) LED
 An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits
infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.

 Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They,
along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
  The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the
infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is
working or not, unlike a common LED.

 To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used. The camera can
show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.

7) PHOTO DIODE
 A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current
or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.

 Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they may be either
exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or optical fibred
connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.
8) POWER SUPPLY

9) RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays
are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes
multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults

10) ENERGYMETER
 An energy or electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy
consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically-powered device.
 Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the
kilowatt hour. Periodic readings of electric meters establish billing cycles and energy
used during a cycle
11) DB9 CONNECTOR
The DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature connector
family (D-Sub or Sub-D).

3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1) KEIL COMPILER
 Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels,
debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for
ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
 Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code.
Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor,
but not for other microprocessors

2) EMBEDED C
AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of Attention.
Every command line starts with "AT" or "at". That's the reason, modem commands are called
AT commands. Many of the commands that are used to control wired dial-up modems, such as
ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer) supported by MODEM. Besides this common AT command set,
GSM modems and mobile phones support an AT command set that is specific to the GSM
technology, which includes SMS-related commands like AT+CMGS (Send SMS message),
AT+CMSS (Send SMS message from storage), AT+CMGL (List SMS messages) and
AT+CMGR (Read SMS messages)

Need for Prepaid Energy Meter System

The conventional method of electricity billing involves a person from the distribution unit
reading the number of units of electricity consumed in the energy meter, conveying this
information to the distribution unit and then preparing the bill according to the units consumed
for a fixed amount of time. This can prove quite tedious as it involves various tasks like
reading, then preparing the bill. Still accuracy cannot be guaranteed as there can be errors in
human reading. Even though digital meters are being replacing conventional electromechanical
meters and provide much accurate readings, still the problem of deliberately making a false
reading can exist (political reasons). Despite this, the task of billing for every consumer is a
time consuming job for the distribution grid. Also the consumer can deliberately consume
more amount of power than required and still refrain from paying the bill and nothing can be
done to severe the electric power supply.
To eliminate all these problems, the most convenient method is making the whole system
prepaid similar to a mobile phone recharge or a DTH recharge

4. The Main Advantages of this Method are

 It is highly accurate as the whole idea of reading the units and then billing manually or
any other means is eliminated.

 Consumer cannot escape from paying the electricity bill and the State Electricity Board
gets free from debts.

 On the consumer front, the tedious task of paying the bill and waiting anxiously for the
bill is eliminated.

 Wastage of energy is diminished as now only the required energy will be consumed as
allotted.

 The power grid can monitor the overall energy consumption and any tampering
attempts are actually of no use and can be detected if still prevalent

5. CONCLUSION
This project can be handled in various ways to make the best use of it. There is many more
extension that can be made to this project. Generators of more load capacity can be used to get
more power. Although the power generation is little less in this project. It tries to make use of
the energy wasted to generate electricity. The power generation using footsteps get its energy
requirements from the Non-renewable source of energy. There is no need of power from the
mains and there is less pollution in this source of energy. It is very useful in the places like
railway stations, shopping complex etc. It is able to extend this project by using same
arrangement and construct in the foot steps/speed breaker so that increase in the power
production rate by fixing it in school, colleges, highways etc The output power generated is
3V.Our final conclusion in this project is creative way to make use of the energy wasted in
various ways. By storing output power in batteries we can utilize this for further use. By
making to rotate rack and pinion arrangement in either direction the output power can be
increased. When we implement this project in large scale the overall cost of the project
reduces.