Quality Control in Bio Composite Material via DT and NDT Method (POD?

a) Background
1.1 Bio composites

According to Nik Rosdi et al., (2015) bio composite are composite material that consist of bio
degradable matrix and bio degradable natural fibre as reinforcement which can be utilized for
structural or non-structural purposes. Malaysia has vast amounts of untapped natural fibre
materials available from the agricultural sector (Mazlan et al., 2013). These fibre and biomass
materials range from rice husks, coconut trunk fibres, kenaf to oil palm biomass in the form
of oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) which can
serve as alternative resources for the future and have the potential to be commercially
manufactured into a range of composite products such as plywood, fibreboards, flooring, wall
panels, door stiles and door jambs to fibre-filled thermoplastic and thermoset composites, as
well as other value-added products (Mazlan et al ., 2014). Natural fibres have excellent
physical and mechanical properties and such fibres can be used to produce composite
products for various end-uses. Natural fibres are thus the next generation of biomaterial for
the future.

Natural fibres which would otherwise not be utilized and therefore be considered as waste
materials can be further researched into, and developed into viable products which can be
marketed both domestically and overseas. This would open up new areas of growth as well as
a new industry in based on fibres and bio composite materials for Malaysia.

The utilization of bio composite materials will gain momentum in the years to come as
products manufactured from natural fibres and bio composite materials gain popularity.
These products would be considered as being environmentally friendly products since they
are manufactured from waste materials which would otherwise be disposed of through
incineration. Izran et al., (2015) highlight that bio composite material has been considered a
solution for goods which does not harm the environment and low cost production. Low cost
is considered one of the main acceptance criteria for the industries to accept research
innovation.

Unfortunately bio composites material for structural application is still limited even though
researchers have proven the capability of bio composite material for such application
(Paridah and Juliana, 2008) for Kenaf. Izran et al ., conclude that acceptance bio composite
material as structural application is still low due to the lack of production procedure
standardization as well as the quality of bio composite produce itself. It is thus important to
develop a more reliable non-destructive testing and destructive testing methodology
program and standard especially adapted to bio- composite materials.
1.2 NDT for Bio Composite

Non-destructive evaluation is a task of utmost importance for both, the economic point of
view and to guarantee the required safety and reliability of technical systems. Thermography
is a fast and contactless technique which received continued attention not least through the
significant price drop at the infrared camera market. It is typically used to detect near-surface
defects which are expanded parallel to the surface (Schlichting and Joachim, 2012).

Thermography is an incoming non-destructive testing tool that presents some key advantages
in comparison with the other available technologies namely it is totally non-contacting and
non-invasive. It can inspect relatively large areas in a single snapshot. The data are pictorial
format, which is always amenable for the formation of rapid decisions and easily stored and
retrieved with any classical laptop. It allows fast inspection rates (on line information). The
security of personnel is guaranteed when compared to radiography.

Infrared analysis tools are nowadays widely used for the non-destructive testing of
components made up in composite materials, belonging to many different industrial sectors.
Being a non-contact method, its capability for the inspection of large areas in short periods of
time justifies the great number of works and technical studies that can be found in this field.
The growing interest in the technique is also supported by the development, during recent
years, of increasingly powerful equipment and data analysis tools. In order to establish a base
of knowledge to assist defect identification in real components inspections, the design and
manufacturing of inspection samples including controlled defects, is a frequently used
strategy ( Lizaranzu et al ., (2015).

b) Objective

The purpose of the proposal are to develop inspection program (standardization) using
thermography supported by POD to seek the best quality control method for bio
composite material via DT and NDT.

c) Methodology
-Thermography supported by Probability of detection (POD) NDT statistic .
d) Outcomes
-NDT & DT standard for bio comp.
e) Importance & Benefit of Research
-economy for Malaysia community-farmer etc
f) Equipment & Material Available In Campus/Faculty For The Use of Project- MINT
Research Literature based on bio composite quality control (Testing & Quality approach) ?

# Title Conclusion/Recommendation Tool

Development of Validation of any mod NDT technique must POD Military Grade Thermal
NDT method using and compare with other method use on the similar Imager
thermography for part. POD acceptance level at 90% according to
composite material Working Group AVT051.
inspection on
aircraft using
military thermal
imager.
Effect of Composites laminated with solid woods durability Charpy Impact test
biocomposite of wood increased to 41.5%( red balau,cengal and followed by SolidWorks
material to enhance merbau) simulation.(1.14% to
durability of 23.4% differences)
selected wood
species in Malaysia
(cengal
Merbau)/Nik Rosdi
et al 2015
Combined NDT and In situ wood structural utilize combination of Sclerometric,resistographic
DT for the sclerometric + resistographic=strength/density + and ultrasonic.
mechanical (ultrasonic)
characterization of
old structural timber
element.
Introduction to the Statistical Tool Probability of Detection
Statistics of NDT/ (POD)
E.Ginzel
NDT of wood Using Laminated veneer Lumber/Lab view Virtual Shimadzu Universal
composite based on Instrument highly recommended for used on wood testing Machine, Hammer-
virtual composite based. Next, virtual testing to be microphone(Lab view
instrument/Zhu et al enhance with computerized aid analysis (CAA) Virtual Instrument)
/2010
Testing of Pulse THz (terahertz radiation) TDS is meant THz (radiation) advance
composites material rather for dieletric composites like glass fiber NDT
using advance reinforced.
NDT/Lopato et
al/2009
Kenaf for Upstream and downstream need to work together Review paper
composites an to ensure unstoppable development of bio
overview/kamal et composite in Malaysia.
al
Review of NDT and UT & Thermography cant provide sufficient result Thermography,UT and CT
their applicability to for 30mm thick wall composites.CT equipment equipment.
thick wall considered better ( delamination,reliability and
composites/Jolly et traceability).
al 2015
Review of NDT for Efficiency ,safety and incurred cost should be the Review paper
composites main criteria for NDT selection.Thermography
 material/Gholizadeh used for thin part.Advantage ;large surface,No
2016 coupling,Allow for inspection when only one part
accessible.Disadvantage;expensive,sensitive,highly
skill operator and if defect fall too deeply under
surface(defect which have smaller diameter than
their depth in part cant be detected)

Medeiros (2016)/University of Sao paulo