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Example Problem 1:
For the plane stress problem shown in the figure below, consider a
one-element triangular mesh. The boundary conditions are as follows:
• edge BC is constrained in y and traction free x,
• edge AB is constrained in x and traction free in y,
• edge AC is subject to prescribed normal traction.
E = 3 × 107 Pa,
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MAK 510 Ch_11
Be
Ee Pa
K e = h e Ae ( B e ) Ee B e
T
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MAK 510 Ch_11
Ke
Ke N/m
Γe
x = x1 x = x2 ξ = −1 ξ =1
1 L 2 1 L 2
x = a1 + a2ξ , {x = x1 ⇒ ξ = −1; x = x2 ⇒ ξ = 1} ,
1−ξ 1+ ξ
x = N1 x1 + N 2 x2 = x1 + x2 ,
2 2
1− ξ 1+ξ
⇒ N1 = ; N2 = .
2 2
dx = d ( N1 x1 ) + d ( N 2 x2 ) = −
x1 x (x − x )
dξ + 2 dξ = 2 1 dξ ,
2 2 2
L
⇒ dx = dξ
2
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MAK 510 Ch_11
fΓee =
• where:
fΓee = N
Ωe
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MAK 510 Ch_11
• strains:
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MAK 510 Ch_11
• stresses:
• Note that for the constant strain triangle, the stresses and
strains are the same everywhere in the triangle.
Example Problem 2:
For the plane stress problem shown in the figure below, consider a
one-element quadrilateral mesh. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s
ratio are, respectively, E = 3x107 Pa and ν = 0.3. The boundary
conditions are as follows:
• the bottom and right vertical edges are traction free,
• traction ty = -20 N/m.
1 1
Calculate the stress at point P ξ = − ,η = − .
3 3
1( x = 0, y = 1) 4 ( x = 2, y = 1)
η
3 ( x = 2, y = 0.5)
ξ
2 ( x = 0, y = 0 )
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MAK 510 Ch_11
Ee Pa
Je
Je=
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MAK 510 Ch_11
(Je)-1= |Je|
Be=
1 1
∫ h (B ) ∫ h ( B ) E B J dξ dη
e T T
K = E B dΩ = ∫
e e e e e e e e e e
Ωe −1 −1
{
≈ ∑∑ ci c j h e ( B e ) Ee B e J e }
2 2 T
i =1 j =1 (ξi ,ηi )
{
K (eξi ,ηi ) = ci c j h e ( B e ) Ee B e J e
T
}
(ξi ,ηi )
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MAK 510 Ch_11
1 1
• For the first Gauss point ξ1 = − ,η1 = −
3 3
{
K (eξ1 ,η1 ) = h e ( B e ) Ee B e J e
T
}
(ξ1 ,η1 )
Ke=
fΩe e = 0
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MAK 510 Ch_11
fΓee =
N
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MAK 510 Ch_11
= {Ee e e } = Ee {Be } ue =
(ξ1 ,η1 ) (ξ1 ,η1 )
= Pa
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