Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF PC ARCHITECTURE

1
What is a Computer ?

2
 Computer components

Input Memory Output

Central
Processing
Unit

3
How Computers Operate

4
Continue…

5
Types of Computers

6
Based on operational principle

1. Analog
2. Digital

7
Based on capacity, speed and reliability

1. Mainframes
2. Minicomputers
3. Microcomputers

8
Based on size

1. Desktop
2. Laptop
3. Palmtop
4. Workstation
5. Server
6. Super computer
7. Wearable

9
Enterprise Computing Environment

10
Example of Enterprise computer
Environment

11
Computer and PC Hardware
Architectural Components

12
Central Processing unit
(CPU)

13
Memory

14
Types of Memory

• Volatile memory
• Non volatile memory

15
Main memory
(RAM)

16
Static, Dynamic RAM and
CMOS RAM

17
 Storage Devices

• Storage devices hold data, even when the computer

is turned off.

• The two storage technologies are used :-

– Magnetic
– Optical

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 Memory Hierarchy

Central processing unit

Expensive
fast small Functional units

Registers

Internal cache

External cache

Main Memory
Cheap slow
large Backing store

19
I/O Devices

20
CISC Vs RISC

21
Assembly, Interpreted and Compiled
Software

22
Motherboard

23
 Motherboard Components

1. Mouse and Keyboard connectors 10. USB port

2. Parallel port 11. CPU Chip
3. RAM slots 12. Floppy controller
4. IDE controller
5. PCI slot
6. ISA slot
7. CMOS Battery
8. AGP slot
9. Power supply plug in

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Continue…

25
Continue…

26
Chipsets

27
Function of chipset

28
Interrupt controllers

29
DMA Controllers

30
 Features of the DMA Controller

The controller supports all four possible kinds of transfer:

 Peripheral  Memory
 Memory  Peripheral
 Peripheral  Peripheral
 Memory  Memory

31
I/O subsystem

32
Embedded and Add-in Devices

33
References….
1. Troubleshooting, Maintaining and Repairing PCs by S.J.
Bigelow
2. A Plus Network Plus Security Plus Exams in A Nutshell
3. http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/
4. http://www.PCGuide.com
5. PC Repair and Maintenance: A Practical Guide
6. Upgrading and Repairing PCs, By Scott Mueller
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/

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Thank You

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