ABB i-bus® KNX

Application Manual
Lighting
Description of the symbols:

Sample

Note

Tip

Disadvantage

Advantage
ABB i-bus® KNX
Table of content

Table of content Page

Preface/ General................................................................................................. 3

1. Introduction
1.1. Basic control types ........................................................................................................................5
1.1.1. Switching all types of luminaries via switch actuators....................................................................5
1.1.2. Dimming via universal dim actuators..............................................................................................6
1.1.2.1. Dimming LED lamps (retrofit LED lamps)......................................................................................7
1.1.3. Dimming via Light Controller/Switch Dim Actuators.......................................................................8
1.2. Selection of the luminaries...........................................................................................................11
1.2.1. Switching frequency.....................................................................................................................11
1.2.2. Ballasts.........................................................................................................................................11
1.3. Selection of the required control functions...................................................................................12
2. Circuit design
2.1. Switching of one or more positions..............................................................................................13
2.1.1. Selection of suitable devices........................................................................................................14
2.1.1.1. ABB i-bus® KNX push button........................................................................................................16
2.1.1.2. Binary Input BE/S x.x and Universal Interface US/U x.2..............................................................18
2.1.2. Bus voltage failure, bus voltage recovery, programming..............................................................20
2.2. Group and central circuits............................................................................................................21
2.2.1. Multiple telegrams in sensors.......................................................................................................24
2.2.2. Telegram multiplication.................................................................................................................25
2.2.2.1. Logic Module LM/S 1.1................................................................................................................ 25
2.2.2.2. Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1...........................................................................................................25
2.2.2.3. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 (path 1)..............................................................................................27
2.2.2.4. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 (path 2)..............................................................................................28
2.2.2.5. Logic functions in other devices...................................................................................................29
3. Control functions
3.1. Function Dimming........................................................................................................................31
3.1.1. Dimming procedure......................................................................................................................32
3.1.2. Dimming with ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons................................................................................33
3.1.3. Dimming with Binary Inputs BE/S x.x or Universal Interface US/U x.2........................................34
3.2. Function Staircase lighting...........................................................................................................36
3.2.1. Setting of the staircase lighting time.............................................................................................37
3.2.1.1. Deactivation of function Staircase lighting....................................................................................38
3.2.1.2. Function Staircase lighting with assigned switch actuator...........................................................39
3.2.1.3. Staircase lighting and permanent lighting....................................................................................42
3.2.1.4. Function Staircase lighting with SA/S switch actuators and RC/A room controller......................44
3.2.1.5. Function Staircase lighting with Room Master RM/S x.1 and I/O Actuator IO/S x.6.6.1..............45
3.2.1.6. Function Staircase lighting with motion detectors........................................................................45
3.3. On and Off switching delay...........................................................................................................46
3.3.1. Setting the On/Off switching delay...............................................................................................46
3.3.1.1. Enable function Time....................................................................................................................47
3.3.1.2. Switching ON/OFF delay with assigned switch actuator..............................................................49
3.4. Time control..................................................................................................................................52
3.4.1. Classic ABB i-bus® KNX clock......................................................................................................54
3.4.2. Display and Control Tableau MT701............................................................................................55
3.4.3. Busch-ComfortTouch ®, Controlpanel and Busch-priOn®.............................................................56
3.4.3.1. Astro function...............................................................................................................................57
3.4.4. Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1...........................................................................................................58
3.4.5. Visualisation software...................................................................................................................60
3.5. Occupancy-dependent control.....................................................................................................62
3.5.1. Function principle of detectors.....................................................................................................62
3.5.2. Detection range of detectors........................................................................................................64
3.5.2.1. ABB i-bus® KNX motion detectors................................................................................................64
3.5.3. Basic functions of detectors.........................................................................................................67
3.5.3.1 Detectors with brightness sensor.................................................................................................68
3.5.4. Operation with several parallel detectors (motion or presence detectors)...................................68
3.6. Light dependent control and regulation........................................................................................70
3.6.1. Daylight dependent control...........................................................................................................70

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Table of content

3.6.1.1. Simple implementation with ABB i-bus® KNX...............................................................................71

3.6.1.2. Optimized implementation with ABB i-bus® KNX..........................................................................74
3.6.1.2.1. Cyclical transmission....................................................................................................................74
3.6.1.2.2. Logical connection........................................................................................................................74
3.6.1.2.3. Priority control..............................................................................................................................75
3.6.2. Constant light control....................................................................................................................77
3.6.2.1. Operating principle.......................................................................................................................79
3.6.2.1.1 Light sensor LF/U 2.1...................................................................................................................80
3.6.2.2. Setting the regulation...................................................................................................................81
3.6.2.3. Light control with other ABB i-bus® KNX components..................................................................85
3.6.2.3.1. DualLINE Presence Detector type 6131/11..................................................................................86

4. Status messages
4.1. ON/Off status message................................................................................................................87
4.1.1. Status messages without separate status object in the actuator.................................................88
4.1.2. Status messages with separate status object in the actuator......................................................90
4.1.3. Central OFF telegram with status message.................................................................................93
4.2. Current detection..........................................................................................................................95
4.2.1. Contact monitoring.......................................................................................................................96
4.3. Special functions of the status messages....................................................................................96
4.3.1. Push button without function but with LED indication...................................................................96
4.3.2. Push button with two functions and an LED indication.................................................................97
4.3.3. LED indication with functions other than lighting..........................................................................97
4.3.4. Solution with conventional push buttons......................................................................................98
4.3.5. Lighting with function Time...........................................................................................................98
4.3.6. LED indication with switching of multiple lamps via a push button...............................................99
4.3.7. Push buttons with multicolor LEDs.............................................................................................100
4.3.8. Color-coded LEDs......................................................................................................................100

5. Special types of control

5.1. Light scene.................................................................................................................................101
5.1.1. Setting of a light scene...............................................................................................................102
5.1.1.1. 1-bit light scene..........................................................................................................................103
5.1.1.2. 8-bit light scene..........................................................................................................................104
5.1.1.3. Implementing light scenes in different ABB i-bus® KNX devices................................................106
5.2. Panic alarm................................................................................................................................109
5.2.1. ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons................................................................................................... 111
5.2.2. Solution with Logic Module LM/S 1.1......................................................................................... 111
5.2.3. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1.........................................................................................................112
5.2.4. Universal Interface US/U x.2 or Binary Input BE/S....................................................................115
5.3. Control with DALI.......................................................................................................................117
5.3.1. DALI structure............................................................................................................................118
5.3.2. DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1..................................................................................................121
5.3.3. DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.1..................................................................................................123
5.3.4. DALI Gateway one-fold DG/S 1.16.1.........................................................................................127
5.3.5. DALI Gateway Emergency Lighting 1-fold DGN/S 1.16.1..........................................................129
5.3.6. DALI Light Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M........................................................................................129
5.3.7. DALI Light Controller DLR/A 4.8.1.1...........................................................................................131
5.3.8. Conclusion..................................................................................................................................133
5.3.9. Special features of DALI.............................................................................................................134
5.3.9.1. Burn-in of fluorescent lamps.......................................................................................................134
5.3.9.2. DALI Switch Actuator DSA/S 2.16.1...........................................................................................135
5.3.9.3. DALI in conjunction with emergency lighting systems................................................................136
5.3.9.4. Error feedback............................................................................................................................143
5.3.9.5. Special functions of the DALI gateway.......................................................................................146
5.3.9.6. DALI USB interface module for analyzing DALI telegrams........................................................148
5.3.10. DSI (Digital Serial Interface).......................................................................................................151

Appendix
Checklist.....................................................................................................................................153

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Preface/General

General
ABB i-bus® KNX systems in residential buildings, commercial buildings and public buildings offer an attrac-
tive solution for the highest demands. The ABB i-bus® KNX systems easily combine quality living, comfort
and safety with efficiency and environmental consciousness.
ABB i-bus® KNX products cover the complete range of applications in buildings: from lighting and shutter
control, to heating, ventilation, energy management, security and surveillance.
These requirements can be realised cost-effectively using ABB i-bus® KNX KNX with a minimum of plan-
ning and installation expense. Furthermore, flexible usage of the rooms and a continuous adaption to
changing requirements are easy to realise.
An important factor for implementing the enhanced demands of building users and occupants, is however,
professional and detailed planning. This application manual – based on practical experience for practical
usage – assists in simplifying planning and implementation of a project.

Planning of a project
One of the primary considerations in the planning of a building control system using ABB i-bus® KNX is
whether the switch actuators for the circuits are to be installed centrally or on a distributed basis.

Central installation
In a small buildings, residential buildings or apartments all wiring to the loads can be wired to a single loca-
tion.

Central installation is more transparent, fewer ABB i-bus® KNX components are required and the
cost per channel is lower.

Central installation requires much more wiring effort.

Distributed installation
For distributed installation the devices are installed in the vicinity of the loads.

The distributed installation requires much less load-related wiring effort.

Distributed installation significantly increases the cost per channel. The entire system can quickly
lose on transparency and the devices may possible be difficult to access. As the number of
ABB i-bus® KNX devices is increased with a distributed installation, the programming effort also
increases. Additional power supplies and couplers may be necessary, which will also increase
costs.

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Preface/General

Conclusion
It is important to take the constructional features of a building into account when planning.
A combination of central and distributed installation methods has proven useful in the field.
For example, distributed installation may not be possible due to a lack of space in a residential building.
For larger buildings, a central installation can mean a room, a hall or a floor, which still complies with a
distributed installation in terms of the overall concept.
A further solution for a distributed, room-oriented application is the Room Controller RC/A x.2 and Room
Master RM/S x.1 from ABB.
Refer to the Room Controller product manual for further information.

Application manual ABB i-bus® KNX Lighting

Following a brief introduction, this application manual explains the possible circuit configurations based
on the type of lamps, e.g. operation from one or more points. The many application examples are comple-
mented by information, tips and pros and cons which offer a quick and simple insight into the advantages
of the different control functions, e.g. dimmer function or daylight-dependent control. All of this information
is completed with lots of notes on implementing specifics such as light scenes or panic circuits.

The selection options for the individual control functions and their combination features are very compre-
hensive. The checklist from ABB has proven to be very useful for engineering design purposes.

A checklist template can be found in the Appendix.

The application manual is intended for persons who already have acquired basic knowledge in
ABB i-bus® KNX (basic functions, topology, addressing, …), e.g. in a certified ABB i-bus® KNX
training session.

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Introduction

1. Introduction
Lighting control is one of the basic functions of ABB i-bus® KNX. A big advantage of ABB i-bus® KNX is its
high level of flexibility. Accordingly, changes to the lighting and lighting control in terms of its function, us-
age and floor plan can usually be realised by simple reprogramming.

In a Kindergarten there are flexible partitions which can be removed or relocated as required.
So for instance, a large auditorium for parties or shows can result from combining the gymnasium
and the hall. The lighting control should be easy to switch via buttons depending on daylight,
event type and floor plan.
Important preliminary considerations have proven useful for optimum planning of a project.
These include:
– Selection of the basic control type (see section 1)
– Selection of the lamp types used (see section 2)
– Selection of the circuit control functions (see section 3)

During planning it is useful to select the smallest lighting unit to switch as they can be easily com-
bined by the ABB i-bus® KNX using software.

1.1. Basic control types

There are three basic control types:
1. Switching all types of luminaries via switch actuators
2. Dimming of certain luminaries via universal dimmer actuators
3. Dimming of certain luminaries via Light Controllers/Switch/Dim Actuators

1.1.1. Switching all types of luminaries via switch actuators

Switch actuators are been used with ABB i-bus® KNX unlike conventional switching via light switches or
pushbuttons with installation relays. Switch actuators are so-called intelligent relays. These are available
with a variety of current ratings and with 1 ... 12 channels per device. The following switch actuator designs
are available:
– MDRC modular installation devices with the types SA/S x.x
– Flush-mount devices, wall mounted
– Surface mounted devices, mounting in the ceiling or intermediate floors, e.g. Room Controller RC/A x.2

For further information see Product Range Overview ABB i-bus® KNX

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Introduction

Dimming of luminaries
Dimming options for the lighting are important and are an ever more desired function. Two important fac-
tors play an important role here:
1. Comfort, e.g. pleasant lighting while dining that suits the situation and mood
2. Cost-effectiveness, power consumption and cost reduction through:
– Dimming of the lighting to suit the incidence of external light
– Extended service life of the luminaries through reduced intensity of the switch on brightness
– Reduced brightness for different area usages, e.g. in a sports arena during competition, a different level
of brightness is required than during training sessions.

Metal-vapour, sodium-vapour and mercury vapour lamps are practically un-dimmable, as this has
an uncontrollable effect on the lighting quality and the service life of these luminaries.

1.1.2. Dimming via universal dim actuators

All ABB i-bus® KNX dimmers are universal dimmers which feature a phase control or phase angle control
and the control behaviour can be set to suit the load.
Incandescent and fluorescent lamps can be dimmed using universal dim actuators (Fig. 2).
Incandescent lamps and high-voltage halogen lamps are dimmed via a phase angle control. The sinusoi-
dal voltage is phase controlled directly with a 230 V voltage (Fig. 1).
LV halogen lamps (low-voltage) with conventional transformers (inductive load) are also dimmed using
phase control (Fig. 1).
LV halogen lamps with electronic transformers are dimmed using phase angle control (Fig. 1).
The sinusoidal voltage is phase angle controlled directly with a 230 V voltage (Fig. 1).

325 V 325 V 325 V

10 ms 20 ms 10 ms 20 ms 10 ms 20 ms

-325 V -325 V -325 V

Sinusoidal voltage Phase angle control – Inverse phase control –

230 V 50 Hz voltage response on the load voltage response on the load

Fig. 1: Dimming via universal dim actuators

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Introduction

L1
L2
L3
N

UD/S 2.300.2

KNX

Fig. 2: Connection of an incandescent lamp load to an universal dim actuator UD/S 2.300.2

The service lives of the lamps are changed by dimming. Incandescent lamps, for example, at
a slightly reduced voltage have a significantly longer service life, whereas halogen lamps at a
continuously dimmed brightness have a shorter service life. However, this can be prevented by
temporary illumination with maximum brightness.

1.1.2.1 Dimming LED lamps (retrofit LED lamps)

As the use of traditional incandescent lamps continues to decline, LED lamps are increasingly being used
in existing lighting. However, there is a host of retrofit lamps that can replace existing incandescent lamps
quickly and easily. If the lighting circuits concerned already have dimmers, this raises the issue of whether
the dimmer function will still work. There is no one answer to this, as the electronics used in LED lamps
vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
The following applies to using an ABB KNX dimmer (UD/S 4.210.2, UD/S 4.315.2, UD/S 6.315.2,
UD/S 4.600.2) with selected Philips lamps:
– The corresponding dimming channels must be set to “Phase control” mode in ETS.
– The specified incandescent lamp output of the dimming channel cannot be loaded 1:1 with LEDs.
The rule of thumb is as follows:
The LED load for connection must not exceed 1/5 to 1/6 of the specified incandescent lamp output per
dimming channel.
– Retrofit LEDs have a very high inrush current – several times higher than an incandescent lamp due to
the integrated ballasts.

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Introduction

– The dimming curve of an LED is different to that of an incandescent lamp.. LEDs have a different dim-
ming progression. For example, LEDs reach 100 % brightness more quickly, which can result in a lack
of any further noticeable change in brightness towards the top of the dimming range (e.g. once the dim-
ming range has reached 70 %).
Action: use ETS to limit the top of the dimming range to e.g. 80 %.
– Retrofit LEDs have small ballasts requiring a minimum voltage.
Depending on the LED in use and the load output voltage (< 100–120 V) of the dimming channel, some
slight flickering may occur. Also, some LEDs will not dim as far as incandescent lamps.

Action: use ETS paramter settings to limit the bottom of the dimming range.
This brochure from ABB Busch-Jaeger explains this in more detail:
http://installationmaterials.com/documents/Product%20news/EN/ABB_LED_dimming_07012013.pdf

Using special LED converters for dimming LEDs is always the best technical solution and pro-
duces a very good dimming response. There are LED converters with 0/1–10 V or DALI control;
see next chapters also.

1.1.3. Dimming via switch/dim actuators

It is necessary to install a suitable electronic ballast with some lamp types as not all lamp types can be
dimmed directly.
Fluorescent lamps (gas-discharge lamps) are dimmed via electronic ballasts which have a control input of
0 – 10 V or 1 – 10 V haben. These electronic ballasts are operated via a corresponding ABB i-bus® KNX-
Switch/Dim actuator with an 0/1…10 V output.

Fig. 3: Functional principal of a switch / Dim actuator

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Introduction

The 0/1…10 V output of the switch/dim actuator is a passive output, i.e. it behaves like a con-
trolled resistor. The 0/1…10 V output of an electronic ballast is generally an output which provides
a current limited voltage of 10 V. If a device is controlled with a switch/dim actuator which requires
an input signal voltage of 0/1…10 V but does not supply this voltage, it is not possible to use a
Switch/Dim Actuator. Instead a switch/dim actuator must be used to switch on and off and an
analogue actuator for dimming. The Analogue Actuator AA/S 4.1 provides the input format as a
communication object for switching (1 bit) and relative dimming (4 bit) during parameterisation.
Linked with a push button the AA/S 4.1 outputs a changeable active 0…10 V signal.

The use of a switch/dim actuator, e.g. the SD/S 8.16.1, together with an electronic transformer,
e.g. the ETR-U 210-230/12SF, offers a good method for dimming low-voltage halogen lamps us-
ing a software operated high-performance dimmer with up to eight channels (design: Fig. 4). Even
higher powers can be dimmed by using a corresponding electronic transformer. There are also
dimmers which can use a 1–10 V signal to dim 230 V incandescent lamps. And there are LED con-
verters for dimming LED lamps, which can be controlled by 0/1-10 V. When combined they result
in flexible and attractively-priced solutions.

Fig. 4: Design with Switch/Dim Actuators

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Introduction

A further option for the control of lighting (switching and dimming) is the use of digital technology such as
DALI. Here communication is implemented between the ABB i-bus® KNX and a DALI electronic ballast us-
ing a digital protocol.

Fig. 5: Overview of the System

For further information see chapter 5.3. Control with DALI and chapter 3.1. Dimming functions.

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Introduction

1.2. Selection of the luminaries

Buildings use many different types of luminaries:
– Incandescent lamps
– Halogen lamps, low-voltage usually 12 V or high-voltage usually 110–230 V
– Fluorescent lamps
– Dulux lamps, compact fluorescent lamps
– Sodium vapour lamps
– Mercury-vapour lamps
– LED lamps

It is important to consider the required switching frequency and the use of ballasts during the selection of
luminaries.

1.2.1. Switching frequency

For fluorescent lamps with conventional ballasts the shut-off time should be no shorter than 15 minutes,
otherwise the reduction in the service life of the lamps will be disproportionate to the energy saved. While
the use of ballasts is still permitted, in principle they should no longer be used in new installations, as they
are out of date in terms of switch-on behavior and power loss.
Sodium and mercury-vapour lamps require 30 seconds to a few minutes after they are switched on to ob-
tain their full brightness. After switch off there is a cooling-off phase of a few minutes, during this time they
cannot not be switched on again. For safety purposes premature switch on is prevented by the ballast.

1.2.2. Ballasts
Frequently it is not been considered that when connecting electronic ballasts they are not designed ac-
cording to rated current. It is a capacitive load and therefore the inrush current is significantly higher than
the rated current. This means that the current rises rapidly for a brief period when switched on and then
falls exponentially to the rated current. If the lay out of the design is incorrect the contacts can stick or
weld. Sticking contacts can be removed by a mechanical action. If the contacts weld, the switch actuators
must be exchanged with all the time and expense which this involves. LED retrofit lamps behave in the
same way – see chapter 1.1.2.1.

For more information, see the ABB i-bus® KNX Range Overview (overview of switching capacities)
or switch actuator product manuals.

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Introduction

1.3. Selection of the required control functions

Lighting control with ABB i-bus® KNX features a high level of flexibility.
This includes a large range of individual control functions and their combination possibilities.
The following functions are available:
Circuit design
– Switching from one or more positions
– Group/central control
Control functions
– Function Dimming
– Function Staircase light
– On and off delay
– Timer control
– Occupancy-dependent control
Light dependent control and regulation
– Daylight dependent control
– Constant lighting control
Status messages
Special types of control
– Light scenes
– Panic alarms
– Control with DALI

The selection possibilities of the circuit design are dependent on the luminary type and the required func-
tions are very comprehensive. For this reason, the checklist of ABB for project planning has proven to be
very useful.

A checklist template can be found in the Appendix.

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Circuit design

2. Circuit design
In order to plan a useful circuit design, the different circuit configurations must be included in the prelimi-
nary considerations and then selected appropriately:
– Switching from one or more positions
– Central and group switching

2.1. Switching of one or more positions

Even with the use of intelligent electrical installations such as ABB i-bus® KNX, the operation of the lighting
is performed locally using conventional buttons or switches. These are tried-andtested and generally well-
known. Generally buttons and switches are located where they are required, i.e. two or more operating
points are required for a circuit.

On an office floor several operating points should switch on and off the lights in the hall. Two-way
connections must be put in place for this purpose.

A conventional electrical installation requires cable to transfer the energy and every switching
signal, measurement and control or regulation command. Two operating points can be implement-
ed with one two-way connection. If more than two operating points are to be set up, additional
impulse control switches are required. This requires considerably more effort and expense for the
additional cables and devices.

By contrast, electrical installations with ABB i-bus® KNX require just one cable for energy transfer
and one bus cable. The sensors and switch actuators are connected parallel to the bus cable
(Fig. 6). The actuators receive the sent telegrams of the sensors and switch the connected circuits
on or off. For this reason, establishing several operating points with bus technology is simple and
cost-effective.

Fig. 6: Two-way connection with ABB i-bus® KNX

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Circuit design

The installation is simple and cost-effective. The buttons can feature different functions,
e.g. a push button exclusively for a switch-off function, another for a switch on and off functions.

A bus cable will be installed in places where operation at a later date may be required. The cable
is connected to an empty switch box and is initially invisibly sealed. Subsequently a quick and
cost-effective utilisation is then possible when required.

2.1.1. Selection of suitable devices

Push buttons from the ABB range including the solo®, Busch-triton® or Busch-priOn® series can be used.
Conventional push buttons or switches may also be used. These are connected via the binary inputs on
the ABB i-bus® KNX.

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Circuit design

There are several options available here:

1. ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons with coupling to the bus
2. Switch Connection Unit
3. Binary input, MDRC type BE/S x.x or integrated into Room Master RM/S x.1, I/O actuator, IO/S x.6.1.1
or FM combined devices
4. Distributed binary inputs flush mounted with Universal Interface US/U 2.2, 4.2 or 12.2

Fig. 7: ABB i-bus® KNX solution for push buttons

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Circuit design

2.1.1.1. ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons

With a push button it is possible to select all three functionalities ON/OFF/TOGGLE, i.e. a push button has
a defined function, either ON, OFF or TOGGLE.
A rocker of the push button series from ABB consists of two parts. A micro switch is located behind each
rocker section. Each micro switch can be set independently of each other to implement different functions.
This means, six functions can be implemented with a three-way switch.

ON | OFF ON | OFF
Light 1 Light 2

Fig. 8: Switching of a 2 groups of luminaries with rocker 2 of a Busch-triton® push button

When push buttons are used, the selection should be considered during planning as the rock-
ers are arranged differently. With Busch-triton®, Busch-priOn® and solo® the rockers are arranged
horizontally.

Too many functions or rockers should not be installed at a single point. Otherwise the operational
clarity is lost and operation will take too long. Push buttons from ABB offer the opportunity to
label the individual rockers. Even when there are just a few operating points it is often difficult
to remember the corresponding functions. For this reason labelled push buttons are part of the
complete ABB i-bus® KNX system.

ON OFF
or or
OFF ON
or or
TOGGLE TOGGLE
(Alternating ON/OFF) (Alternating ON/OFF)

Fig. 9: Switching of a group of luminaries with rocker 2 of a Busch-triton® push button

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Circuit design

In practice it is easier to handle the TOGGLE function, as it is not necessary to observe on which side of
the rocker the lighting is switched on or off. The results of using group and central switching may be unsat-
isfactory with this setting.

If the light is switched on locally and then switched off from a different position, the next time that
the local push button is switched an OFF telegram is sent. However, as the light is already
switched off centrally, there is no visible function. Pushing once again will switch on the light which
is the desired result, i.e. if from one location a light is centrally switched off, for example, the
changeover button (CHANGEOVER) will “get out of step”.
In order to prevent this, the local switch of the central group address must be entered as a listen-
ing group address and the write flag must be set (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10: Listening group address with the central OFF button

All group addresses which act in this manner on the circuit, must be entered as listening group
addresses on the local Push button. The maximum number of addresses in the push button must
be considered here.

This phenomenon does not exist with the parameterisation of the push button with defined ON
and OFF switches on each side of the rocker.
Another possibility to bypass this phenomena is the use of the Binary Input BE/S x.x or of a Uni-
versal Interface US/U x.2.
Defined ON and OFF functions can be realised here with this push button, i.e. with short actuation
of the switch it is switched ON, and with an extended actuation it is switched OFF or vice versa
(Fig. 11). This circuit type saves an input, wiring and a push button.
For further information see chapters 2.1.1.2 Binary Input BE/S x.x and Universal Interface
US/U x.2.

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Circuit design

2.1.1.2. Binary Input BE/S x.x and Universal Interface US/U x.2
Usually a universal interface is integrated into a flush mounted switch box. For hallway circuits the MDRC
inputs type BE/S x.x have proven to be a good choice.

Universal Interface US/U x.2

The universal interface US/U x.2 requires little wiring effort. Accordingly the transparency of the circuit
design is increased. Every conventional push button can be connected because of the comprehensive
software functionality. Overall the Universal Interface US/U x.2 is a viable economical solution.
1. With the switch sensor function in the application two different functions can be actuated with
the binary inputs by short or long operation of the push buttons. For example, the room light
switches on or off with a short operation and the entire lighting of the building with a longer
operation.
2. Different lighting circuits can be switched whereby a button is pushed once or several times. In
this way for example, a multi-purpose or factory hall can be light up in different areas and be
used to suit demands. By pressing the push button once, section one is lit up, by pressing the
push button twice, section two is lit up, etc. up to four sections.
Further successive pressing of the push button switches off the light circuits in reverse order.
3. A combination of the push button assignment thus enables switching of different lighting circuits
in sequence as well as switching of the complete lighting by a long button push.

For further information see product manual Universal Interface US/U x.2.

MDRC inputs, modular installation devices

MDRC inputs are frequently used in the area of hallway lighting circuits.
The push buttons are connected to a channel of the binary input if many push buttons are assigned to a
circuit (Fig. 11). Through the reduction of the hardware, costs are reduced and the use of 230 V inputs
enables the use of illuminated push buttons in accordance to workplace regulations.

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Circuit design

Fig. 11: Two-way connection with only one input of a binary input

Conventional switches and push buttons

Categorically conventional switches and push buttons can be connected to the binary inputs. The functions
are set via the parameterisation of the channels. Both important parameters are reactions on closing the
contacts (rising edges) and the reaction on opening the contacts (falling edges). Thus all types of contacts
and functions can be set. In principle there are three setting possibilities (Fig. 12+13):
– ON, switching the lighting on
– OFF, switching the lighting off
– TOGGLE, alternate switch on and off of the lighting

There are often mistakes made with the parameterisation of a switch or push button, e.g. a switch
is parameterised even though a push button is connected. It is thus important to check if the set-
tings correspond with the connected contact.

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Circuit design

Fig. 12: Parameterisation of a switch with ON and OFF function

Fig. 13: Parametrization of a push button with toggle function

The mechanics of a switch are directly associated with the ON/OFF function, i.e. if the switch is closed it is
ON, if the switch is opened it is OFF. For this reason the use of switches is only useful with a local circuit
with only one operating point. Push buttons are almost used exclusively with all other installations, several
operating points, central and group switching.

2.1.2. Bus voltage failure, bus voltage recovery, Programming

If during the installation of luminaries the cases bus voltage failure, bus voltage recovery and programming
occur, critical states can occur.
Which state do the luminaries have?

A bus voltage failure often means that the main voltage has failed; if the lighting of a building fails
it can be very dangerous particularly in a stairway.

The actuators offer the possibility for various settings:

– Contact closed
– Contact opened
– Contact unchanged
The unchanged contact setting ensures that the state of the relay is retained during a malfunction.

20 2CDC 500 051 M0203

ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

During a fault some of the lighting should be switched off and some luminaries should be switched
on. The new switch-in of luminaries are powered by an emergency generator or UPS.
For these luminaries, the closed contact setting should be selected, for the luminaries to be
switched off the open contact setting should be selected.

2.2. Group and central circuits

A very important function of the ABB i-bus® KNX systems is the realisation of group and central circuits.
Thereby the complete building, a floor or an area composed of a combination of lighting circuits can be
switched from one or more locations. This can be implemented with an ON, OFF or CHANGEOVER tel-
egram. Using conventional methods the realisation would require considerable additional installation time
and expense. With ABB i-bus® KNX this is easily implemented by programming accordingly.

The caretaker of a school must be able to switch off the entire lighting in the building when leav-
ing. A central ON function is not useful as the increased inrush currents by simultaneous switch-
on of all circuits would overload the supply. However, it should be possible to switch on selected
circuits, e.g. entry halls, corridors and staircases, when the building is entered.

To prevent unauthorized from operating these functions, the actuation is undertaken via a key
operated switch. This is connected by a Universal Interface US/U 2.2 to the ABB i-bus® KNX:
– On channel A: Central OFF
– On channel B: Group access ON
Alternatively this function can be implemented via an ABB i-bus® KNX push button. In this case
the group function would be executed for example by a long operation of the push button. The
push button is parameterised as a shutter push button and links the group address with the long
actuation communication object, usually with the STOP/louvre function (Fig. 14).
For further information see: Product manual Blinds and Shutter Actuators JA/S.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

Fig. 14: Group and central switching with ABB i-bus® KNX

Each new assignment or function requires a new group address.

As the group address only consists of a sequence of numbers, it is very important to briefly de-
scribe it in the ETS (Fig. 15), to assign a name (usually the designation of the device, Fig. 16) and
the basic function of the device.
ETS allows you to label the individual communication objects.
If these details are continually entered, a lot of time and money can often be saved during the
course of a project.

Fig. 15: Use of the description column

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

Fig. 16: Designation of the device

The basic principle of the ABB i-bus® KNX

A sensor communication object can only send one group address. An actuator communication object can
however listen to several group addresses. The quantity depends on the number of bus couplers and the
application. Currently up to 255 group addresses can be assigned to an actuator. This is distributed onto
12 channels taking further group addresses for functions into consideration, such as status or logic, result-
ing in more than 10 assignments per channel.
In practice, this often results in about five or six group assignments per switch communication object. The
maximum possible number of group assignments or addresses can be found in the technical data of the
devices.

If the maximum possible number of group address assignments is exceeded,

the following error message appears on the monitor:

Fig. 17: Error message to many group assignments

If the maximum possible numbers of groups address assignments are not sufficient despite the most ad-
vanced devices from ABB, there is an alternative using other ABB i-bus® KNX devices.
These devices enable multiplication of the telegrams.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

2.2.1 Multiple telegrams in sensors

The basic principle mentioned above (only one group address sent per sensor object) has now been ex-
panded for devices with binary inputs. This applies to the following devices:
– Type BE/S binary inputs
– Room Master RM/S
– IO/S I/O actuators
With these devices, up to three telegrams with up to three different group addresses can be sent on the
bus. This makes it easy to implement group switching on a smaller scale. The switching behavior for each
telegram (ON or OFF) can be set independently, providing a great deal of flexibility.

Fig. 18: Multiple telegram parameters

Fig. 19: Communication objects Multiple telegram

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

2.2.2. Telegram multiplication

Telegrams are the communication form for all devices in a ABB i-bus® KNX system.
The following modules and components from ABB enable multiplication of telegrams:
– Logic Module LM/S 1.1
– Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1
– ABL/S 2.1 and Application LogicTime254IO/2 (path 1)
– ABL/S 2.1 and Application LogicTime254IO/2 (path 2)

2.2.2.1. Logic Module LM/S 1.1

The function Multiplier enables a telegram to create 8 new ones.
The output telegram can be 4 x 1 bits and 4 x 1 bytes. This function is available up to three times per de-
vice. By cascading the output of multiplier 1 to the input of multiplier 2, more than 8 outputs are possible.

This method leads to an increased bus load and maybe even to an overload as the telegrams are
sent almost simultaneously.

2.2.2.2. Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1

With the application TimesQuantities a generation of new telegrams is also possible in larger quantities.

Fig. 20: Central OFF in an office building

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

This method leads to a high bus loading and maybe even to an overload as the telegrams are
sent almost simultaneously.

In a solution with the Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1 and the application TimesQuantities/2 it is
possible to send the telegrams consecutively with a delay. This can be set with the parameters
between 0.1 s and 0.5 s.

Fig. 21: Telegram delay

This solution is very flexible by the use of inverting, filtering and sending of further data types
and not just a method of telegram multiplication.

26 2CDC 500 051 M0203

ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

2.2.2.3. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 (path 1)

Inputs on the ABL/S 2.1 cannot be connected directly with outputs. Therefore an OR logic gate is con-
nected with the input as an auxiliary component.

This procedure is recommended where an application unit or the ABL/S 2.1 is already in the sys-
tem and still has some free capacity.

Fig. 22: Function schematic ABL/S 2.1 with telegram multiplication

This method leads to an increased bus load and maybe even to an overload as the telegrams are
sent almost simultaneously.

The delay can also be achieved with the solution indicated with the ABL/S 2.1 and the software
LogicTime254IO/2 (path 1). A timer is used instead of an OR gate and presets the switch on and
off delay accordingly. The smallest time unit here is 1 s.

This solution is very flexible by the use of inverting, filtering and sending of further data types and
not just a method of telegram multiplication.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

2.2.2.4. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 (path 2)

All group addresses required for switching of the circuit are assigned to an input. The input is connected
to the output using an auxiliary element (path 1). This output is assigned to a group address, which is then
entered in a switch communication object of the actuator. In this way, group addresses and assignments
are saved with the actuator communication object.

Fig. 23: Assignment of the group addreseses via an auxiliary element

The group address 1/1/2 of the output is entered in the switch communication object of the actua-
tor. All telegrams on the input – here with the group address 4/0/19, 2/4/1, 4/0/20 or 6/4/12 – are
always sent by the application unit to the output with the group address 1/1/2, and the actuator is
thus switched.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Circuit design

2.2.2.5 Logic functions in other devices

Alongside their actual functions, certain current-generation ABB KNX devices also have higher-level, inde-
pendent software functions, including logic. This is possible thanks to the performance offered by the bus
coupling unit.
This means that you can implement the kind of intelligent functions just described, cost-effectively and
without additional hardware, at a later stage of the project.
The devices below, which are parameterized using Power Tool in ETS, support this feature.
– solo Multifunction Push Button
– Busch-priOn® Push Button
– DualLINE Presence Detector 6131/11
– Motion Detector 6179/02
– Dimmer 6197/12 .. 13 .. 14 .. 15 ..52 .. 53
You will find these higher-level functions in Power Tool, under “General Functions”.

Fig 24: Overview of additional functions

2CDC 500 051 M0203 29

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Circuit design

30 2CDC 500 051 M0203

ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3. Control functions
Various control functions are available to arrange the lighting of a building in order to make it as comfort-
able and economical as possible:
– Function Dimming
– Function Staircase light
– On and off delay
– Time control
– Occupancy-dependent control

3.1. Function Dimming

Dimming is a frequently desired and very pleasant control function.

In a conference room the dimmable lighting is switched via a push button.

With short operation of the push button the lighting is switched on and off, with an extended
actuation the lighting is dimmed up and down. With an additional push button it is possible to send
various brightness values. In our example, the lighting is dimmed to 50 % by a short operation of
the push button, e.g. for cleaning purposes. With long operation of the push button the lighting is
dimmed to a brightness of 0 %, i.e. it is switched off.

With ABB i-bus® KNX, there are many possibilities to establish the function dimming:
– Dimming with ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons
– Dimming with Binary Input BE/S x.x, Universal Interface US/U x.2 or the inputs of the Room Master
RM/S x.1

ABB dim actuators can be adjusted individually. The most important adjustable parameters of a dim actua-
tor are:
– Switch on brightness: Last brightness value or preset value
– Dimming speed
– Dimming values, upper and lower limit
– Switch on via 4-bit communication object, i.e. no short button actuation is necessary for switch on
– Switch off via 4-bit communication object

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3.1.1. Dimming procedure

There are two dimming methods available to the dimming procedure:
– Stepwise dimming
– Start-stop dimming

Stepwise dimming
The dimming telegram is sent cyclically during stepwise dimming with an long operation of a push button.
In the parameters the cycle time (telegram is sent every ...s) and the dimming values (brightness change
per sent telegram) are set.

Stepwise dimming increases the telegram traffic on the bus.

Start-stop dimming
The dimming process during start-stop-dimming starts with a telegram 100 % BRIGHTER or 100 % DARK-
ER. Ending of the dimming process is done with a STOP telegram.

Only two telegrams are sent with start-stop dimming.

Only two telegrams are sent with start-stop dimming.

Setting of the dimming procedure

Both procedures are set directly on the sensors. The dimming actuators react independently of the dim-
ming procedure and only to 4-bit telegrams.

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Control functions

3.1.2. Dimming with ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons

Dimming with the ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons can only be realised with the 4-bit data format.

Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Dimming telegram

0 0 0000 STOP
1 1 0001 100 % DARKER
2 2 0010 50 % DARKER
3 3 0011 25 % DARKER
4 4 0100 12,5 % DARKER
5 5 0101 6,25 % DARKER
6 6 0110 3,13 % DARKER
7 7 0111 1,56 % DARKER
8 8 1000 STOP
9 9 1001 100 % BRIGHTER
10 A 1010 50 % BRIGHTER
11 B 1011 25 % BRIGHTER
12 C 1100 12,5 % BRIGHTER
13 D 1101 6,25 % BRIGHTER
14 E 1110 3,13 % BRIGHTER
15 F 1111 1,56 % BRIGHTER
Fig. 25: Table with overview of the 4 bit dimming telegrams

Operation of ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons

The operation for dimming the lighting with ABB i-bus® KNX is based on the same principle as a conven-
tional electronic dimmer:
– Short button push: switches the lighting on or off
– Long button push: dimming of the lighting (relative dimming)

Every ABB i-bus® KNX push button has two sides. Usually one side is used for dimming down and the
other side for dimming up. The solo® and Busch-triton® product series offer the option of freely assigning
dimming up and down to either side of the push button. With the Busch-priOn®, solo® Multifunction and
Busch-triton® it is now also possible for each side of a rocker to switch and dim lighting, i.e. one rocker can
dim two lighting circuits independently of one another, see also 1-button dimming.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3.1.3. Dimming with Binary Input BE/S x.x or Universal Interface US/U x.2
A Binary Input BE/S x.x or a Universal Interface US/U x.2 allows the connection of conventional push
buttons, see chapter 2.1.1.2. With the appropriate application settings, dimming functions can also be
implemented with this solution.
The control possibilities of the function Dimming are differentiated with a Binary Input BE/S x.x or a Univer-
sal Interface US/U x.2 in:
– 2 push button dimming
– 1 push button dimming

2 push button dimming

The function of the 2 push button dimming, is comparable with a double end ABB i-bus® KNX push button.
Two channels of a binary Input are required for operation. An input with a push button switches the light-
ing on through short actuation of the button push and dims the lighting up with an extended button push.
Accordingly a second push button switches off the lighting with a short button push and dims the lighting
down with a long button push.

1 push button dimming

With 1 push button dimming, the complete function dimming is implemented with just one channel of a
binary input The function switching and dimming can be completely controlled using just one push button,
where the dimming telegram BRIGHTER and DARKER are sent alternately with a long actuation of the
push button. It is also possible to send 1-byte values and accordingly different brightness values.

Object value Switch Value of the last Reaction of the dimming actuation
dimming telegram (sent dimming telegram)
OFF DARKER BRIGHTER
OFF BRIGHTER BRIGHTER
ON DARKER BRIGHTER
ON BRIGHTER DARKER
Fig. 26: Dimming function with 1 push button dimming

If the communication object Switch has the value 0, a BRIGHTER telegram is always sent. This ensures
that the lighting will get brighter when dimming up without a previous switch on by a short operation of the
push button. In order to evaluate the switch feedback of the actuator, the Write flag of the communication
object Switch must be set.

Only one push button and a channel of the Binary Input or Universal Interface is required. This
means a considerable saving in costs.

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Dimming with 1-byte brightness value

In addition to both communication objects Switch (1 bit) and Dim (4 bit), dimming actuators provide the
communication object Brightness value (1 byte). The dimmer feeds back its brightness value using this
communication object. A brightness value can also be received.
If for example, a push button sends a brightness value, the dimming actuator switches on the lighting and
dims down to the corresponding value.

A further possibility to realise a dimming process is to send this 1 byte brightness object cyclically
with a rising or falling value. Visualisation software or the Controlpanel operate using this function-
ality. The Busch-priOn®, solo Multifunction and Busch-triton® also have this function.

Dimming without 1 byte brightness communication object (Preset)

If it is not wanted or possible to operate with the 1 byte brightness communication object, the Preset bright-
ness value of the dimming actuator can be recalled using the preset.
The set brightness value in the parameters can be accessed via a 1-bit telegram.

Fig. 27: Parameter Preset

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3.2. Function Staircase lighting

A defined form of lighting is understood under the designation function staircase lighting. It lights up for a
predefined time after switch on and switches off automatically. This form of lighting is known mainly from
its use on staircases and stairwells, hence the name. The lighting can also be switched off before the time
has elapsed using the push button if set accordingly on the actuator. The staircase lighting time can be
restarted by pressing the push button again.

In a dwelling there are many rooms where someone is present only for a short time, e.g. halls,
guest bathrooms, storerooms and pantries. Different staircase lighting times have been pro-
grammed for these rooms. For example, the light in the hall switches off after two minutes and the
light in the guest bathroom after ten minutes.
Furthermore, an absence button has been setup in the dwelling with ABB i-bus® KNX.
This button with integrated staircase lighting circuit, triggers among other functions, the following
steps: The light in the hallway remains on for one minute, the external light remains on for two
minutes and the light in the garage for five minutes.

Thus a safe lighting level is ensured when leaving the building. The need to go between different
light switches and contemplating if the light is really switched off is no longer an issue.

36 2CDC 500 051 M0203

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Control functions

3.2.1. Setting the staircase lighting time

The function staircase lighting is a standard function of the switch actuators.
The time duration is set in the actuator parameters.

Fig. 28: SA/S parameters for Duration of staircase lighting (all SA/S switch actuators feature the same
function)

A system with ABB i-bus® KNX provides a whole range of special functions, e.g. extension of the staircase
lighting time, warning signal before the staircase lighting time elapses etc.
Some functions are described in the chapters 3.2.1.1 – 3.2.1.5.

For further information see Switch actuator documentation.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3.2.1.1. Deactivation of the function staircase lighting

If required the function staircase lighting can be deactivated for a determined time. It is thus possible, for
example, to permanently illuminate the staircase in an office building during the day and to use the function
staircase lighting at night. This is controlled by Disable Time function:

Fig. 29: Communication object Disable Time function

If this function is established with the group address 9/3/26, the function staircase lighting can be
activated or deactivated for example, via a timer on the caretakers control panel.

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Control functions

3.2.1.2. Function staircase lighting with an assigned switch actuator

Some functions cannot be set simultaneously. If for example, an on/off delay is used, an additional function
staircase lighting is not possible on this switch actuator.
The solution is implemented by delegating the function to another ABB i-bus® KNX component:
– Logic Module LM/S 1.1
– Application Unit ABL/S 2.1
– KNX devices with general functions in Power Tool (See Chapter 2.2.2.5.)

Function staircase lighting with Logic Module LM/S 1.1

The group address of the switch actuator is entered in the communication object Staircase lighting input.
The duration time is entered in the parameters. After actuation of the function staircase lighting, Logic
Module LM/S 1.1 sets the group address to the value 0 and sends it after the preset time has elapsed. The
lighting switches off.

Fig. 30: Parameter window Staircase light of the LM/S 1.1

The option Staircase light is retriggerable this means it is possible to restart the switch on time while still in
operation.

Using communication object Staircase light disable, the function staircase lighting can be deactivated.

Fig. 31: Communication objects LM/S 1.1

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

Function staircase lighting with Application Unit ABL/S 2.1

The Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 has a graphic programming interface.
The function staircase lighting is easy to implement here.

Fig. 32: Function Staircase light with ABL/S 2.1

A push button sends a telegram with the group address 1/0/4 and the value 1 to the switch actuator.
The light switches on.
With this setting the group address 1/0/4 is reset to zero and sent after five minutes.
The lighting is switched off.

Special features of the function staircase lighting with LM/S 1.1 and ABL/S 2.1
With both solutions it is possible to sent back a different group address on the bus as the one received.
This option is always important particularly if the switch on group address is also linked to other functions
than the switch off function.

On a building alarm system different functions are linked with the electrical installations.
For example, the lighting at the entrance door should be switched on briefly when arming the
alarm system if the arming process was successful. This programming feature has been imple-
mented with the ABL/S 2.1.

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Control functions

Fig. 33: Different functions when switch on and off

If arming of the alarm system has been successful, the arming feedback signal is sent on the bus via group
address 4/0/20 with the value 1. The lighting at the entry door is briefly switched on, function staircase
lighting = 5 s. After the staircase lighting time has elapsed, the group address 9/3/18 with the value 0 is
sent on the bus.
This group address only concerns the lighting at the entrance door. If the same group address (4/0/20) is
sent on the bus after the staircase time has elapsed, all other linked functions (e.g. reduction of the heat-
ing) are switched off.

The first group address entered, here 9/3/18, is always the sending group address.
This means that this is sent back on the bus by the ABL/S 2.1.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

KNX devices with general functions in Power Tool

Selected devices parameterized in Power Tool also have the staircase lighting function. A special feature
is the option to operate with 1-byte communication objects. When the Light-on time has elapsed, the object
sends the value “0”, switching off the lighting.

Fig: 34: Staircase lighting communication objects and parameters in Power Tool

3.2.1.3. Staircase light and permanent light

Depending on the function of the building, the possibility to switch from a function staircase lighting to a
function permanent lighting and back again using a push button is very important.
The changeover of the lighting function is realised by assigning both the long and short operation with a
lighting function. This solution is possible with:
– ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons
– Binary Input BE/S and Universal Interface US/U x.2

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Control functions

ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons

With the application Shutter Sensor, all ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons have the possibility to differentiate
between long and short actuation and to only send one 1-bit telegrams.

Fig. 35: Staircase lighting with ABL/S 2.1

The rocker ends can be parameterised. On one side of the rocker switch, here using the centre rocker on
the right, an ON telegram and the staircase lighting time are sent by short actuation, group address 1/1/4.
With longer actuation of the push button the lighting is switched on via group address 1/1/3, without a
staircase lighting time.
The rocker on the left side in conjunction with the OFF telegram switches off the lighting in every operating
state.

Binary Input BE/S and Universal Interface US/U x.2

On both devices the function Switch sensor with the distinction of long/short operation is selected. The
communication object Short operation is controlled via the function staircase lighting ABL/S 2.1 and linked
with the communication object Switch of the switch actuator. The communication object Long operation is
connected directly to the switch actuator via another common group address. Now it is possible to start the
staircase lighting time with a short operation and to switch on the permanent lighting with a long operation.
The solution is even easier with the switch actuators MDRC SA/S x.x and the Room Controller with the
Permanent ON function, see following chapter.

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ABB i-bus® KNX
Control functions

3.2.1.4. Function staircase lighting with MDRC Switch Actuators SA/S and Room Controller RC/A
Both the MDRC SA/S as well as the Room Controller have a considerably extended range of functionality.

Fig. 36: Parameter window Time of the Switch Actuator SA/S with function staircase light

Pumping up function
The staircase lighting time is extended if the button is actuated several times. It can be extended up to
5 times of the original time. The basis is the time set in the parameters.

Staircase lighting switch off function

Generally the lighting can be switched off during the staircase lighting time. The function can be blocked
with this parameter. It is also possible to select what should happen after Permanent ON has ended, e.g. if
the lighting should switch off immediately or only after the staircase lighting time has elapsed.

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Warning before impending staircase lighting switch off function

Here is it possible to sound an acoustic warning, for example, shortly before the end of the staircase light-
ing time. This is implemented by sending a further ABB i-bus® KNX telegram with a different function. It is
also possible to briefly switch the lighting off and on again shortly before the staircase lighting time ends.

Change duration of function staircase lighting via communication object

Up to now the duration of the staircase lighting could only be defined via the parameter setting and could
only be changed there using the ETS. With the Switch Actuators SA/S x.x and the Room Controller
RC/A x.2, the duration of staircase lighting can vary via a telegram, e.g. together with a display.

Permanent ON
There is a further communication object with which the channel can be switched to Permanent ON inde-
pendently of the function staircase lighting.

3.2.1.5. Function Staircase lighting with Room Master RM/S x.1 and I/O Actuator IO/S x.6.6.1
Here, the following functions are possible in conjunction with the staircase lighting function:
– IO/S actuator: Permanent On
– Room Master: Permanent On and Pumping up function

3.2.1.6. Function Staircase lighting with motion detectors

It is necessary to operate with the staircase lighting function if several motion detectors are connected in
parallel.

For further information see chapter 3.5 Occupancy-dependent control.

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3.3. On and off delay

The on and off delay is used frequently in the area of lighting. With this control function, after sending the
ON telegram the function Switch on of the lighting is only triggered with a delay and/or after sending the
OFF telegram, the function to switch off the lighting is triggered with a delay.

In internal toilets the ventilation is often switched together with the lighting. The ventilation control
is comfortable to implement with an on/off delay. The lighting is immediately activated and the
ventilation switches on and off with a delay. For example, the fan starts to operate 30 seconds
after operation of the button and not shortly after the toilet is entered. After leaving the toilet the
lighting switches off immediately but the ventilation will switch off for example, only after a delay of
five minutes.
Even in very large buildings the ON/OFF delay is a very comfortable control function. During
the night for example, security personnel must make their rounds at regular intervals. For this
purpose the lighting for all areas is switched on. In order to avoid an overload in the energy supply
(increased switch on current), switch on of the lighting should be undertaken in different areas at
different time intervals. It is possible to switch the different lighting circuits to suit the times of the
rounds made by security personnel.

3.3.1. Setting of the On/Off delay

The time function is a standard function of the switch actuators. It is set in the parameters.
In the following the setting options are explained based on the Switch Actuators SA/S 8.16.5.
The procedure is however identical with all Switch Actuators SA/S.

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3.3.1.1. Enable function time

The function Time must be enable first.

Fig. 37: Enable function Time

With the next parameters it is possible to activate the time function even after bus voltage recovery,
corresponding to the first switch-in of the device.
Subsequently the delay is activated and the required delays are set in the Time menu.

Fig. 38: On / off delay selection

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The time function is only active if the channel is addressed by the Switch communication object. Via com-
munication object Time function disable, the time function can be deactivated with a logical 0 and activated
with a 1.

Fig. 39: Communication object Time function disable

If the time function is enabled the lighting can be switched on or off at any time without a time function via
the Permanent ON communication object.

Fig. 40: Communication object Permanent ON

There are also four additional so-called priority communication objects, which can be switched with a
higher priority, e.g. forced operation.
The time delays can be deactivated at any time without external devices. The switch actuators in the ap-
plication are very flexible.

For further information see Switch actuators product manual.

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3.3.1.2. On/Off delay with assigned switch actuator

If the switch actuator is assigned, e.g. when function Flash is used (both functions cannot be set simul-
taneously), the switch on/off delay must be delegated to another ABB i-bus® KNX module. This can be
implemented with the following solutions:
– Logic Module LM/S 1.1
– Application Unit ABL/S 2.1
– KNX devices with general functions in Power Tool (See Chapter 2.2.2.5.)

Logic Module LM/S 1.1

The setting of the ON/OFF delay with the Logic Module LM/S 1.1 is undertaken in the parameters.

Fig. 41: Parameter timer LM/S 1.1

There are two communication objects in the Logic Module LM/S 1.1: Input and output. The group address
of the sensor is sent to the Input, from the output a group address is sent to the Switch Actuator. Two
timers of the Logic Module LM/S 1.1 must be used to implement different times for the on and off delay. In
total there are twelve timers available in a LM/S 1.1.

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For each of these timers the retriggerable function can be freely selected. Hereby it is possible to restart
the delay time by sending the telegram again (pressing the button again).

Fig. 42: Communication objects Timer LM/S 1.1

The time delay can be deactivated by the communication object Block. Thus no telegram is sent on the
output.

Application Unit ABL/S 2.1

With the graphic user interface of the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 an on/off delay is very easy to realise.

Fig. 43: Switch on/off delay with ABL/S 2.1

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With this setting the group address 0/0/1 is sent with the value 1 and 30 seconds later the group address
0/0/2 is then redirected with the value 1. After sending the OFF telegram, the group address 0/0/2 is trans-
mitted with the value 0 (switch-off telegram) only after five minutes.
The pulse duration tp is also a type of function staircase lighting within the Switch on/off delay. If the pulse
duration is activated the output is switched on after the switch on delay has elapsed. After the pulse dura-
tion has elapsed the output is automatically switched off again.

KNX devices with general functions in Power Tool

A switching ON/OFF delay is also available on KNX devices with general functions in Power Tool. Note
that the two delays must be set on two separate channels.

Fig. 44: ON/OFF delay with Power Tool

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3.4. Time control

The time control is a favourite function for the control of lighting which allows defined circuits to be
switched on and off automatically as a time dependent function.

1. In a dwelling the lighting is controlled via a timer during absence of the occupants. By simula-
tion of the presence of the occupants it is difficult for strangers to determine if the occupants
are, e.g. on holidays.
2. In a manufacturing company the production and break times are fixed. If for example, work
starts at 7 a.m. with the first break from 9 a.m. to 9.15 a.m., lunch from 12.00 a.m. to 12.30 a.m.
and works ends at 3.45 p.m. At these times all lighting circuits with the exception of the lighting
in the walkways are switched off.

With an ABB i-bus® KNX bus system, it is easy to control the timer with a central time control clock.
Possible devices for realisation of a time control are:
– Classic ABB i-bus® KNX Time Switch FW/S 8.2.1
– LCD display MT701
– Controlpanel or Busch-ComfortTouch®
– Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 with Application Times/Quantities
– Visualisation software

The switch actuators alone do not provide the option of switching at certain times.
This would be too complex as each device would require its own timer (Quartz).
The actuators provide relative time functions such as switch on and off delays or staircase lighting
functions, see chapters 3.2. and 3.3.

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Fig. 45: Overview ABB i-bus® KNX devices with function time

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3.4.1. Classic ABB i-bus® KNX Time Switch

The radio time switch sends the current time and date on the bus. As an option, the time can also be re-
ceived by a DCF or GPS antenna. The radio time switch also makes it easy to set timer programs.
The device has eight channels, each with a daily, weekly and/or yearly program. Special program options
(e.g. for holidays or public holidays) are also available.

Using a programming set and a memory card it is possible to program this time switch with a PC.
The memory card can be used to transfer time programs on to the FW/S 8.2.1 Radio Time
Switches.
Alternatively, even without a memory card, the programming set can transfer the timer program
via a KNX interface (e.g. USB). When used with the option of a DCF antenna this time switch
becomes a radio time switch, i.e. it receives the exact time in a radius of about 1000 km around
Frankfurt/Main in Germany. Alternatively, a GPS receiver can be connected in order to obtain the
exact time.
At certain times 1 bit or 8 bit telegrams can be sent.

The classic ABB i-bus® KNX clocks have a limited number of channels and switch functions.
The setting of the switching times via the integrated keypad takes time getting used to and there-
fore not very user-friendly. Assignment of the loads to the channels can be undertaken using ETS.
This is generally not accessible to end customers.

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3.4.2. LCD Display MT701

More and more ABB i-bus® KNX devices, which are intended for many other functions feature a timer con-
trol in their software. In the LCD Display MT701 there are 16 channels available.
The assignment of the channels is implemented via the ETS. Using the display the end customer has the
opportunity to set and to change the switch times, the values, the state to be switched and the weekday.

Fig. 46: Function Time MT701

The end customer can change the settings.

The LCD Display MT701 does not feature an integrated yearly time switch.

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3.4.3. Busch-ComfortTouch ®, Controlpanel and Busch-priOn®

Both devices allow time functions to differing extents:
– Busch-ComfortTouch ®: Comprehensive time functions with weekly programs, special days and
validity intervals.
– Comfortpanel: 20 channels each with 10 time switch functions

Below you can see the setting options for the time functions using the control panel as an example:

Fig. 47: Controlpanel time functions

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Fig. 48: Setting of the Controlpanel time function

3.4.3.1. Astro function

The Astro function is a very helpful timing function on the control panel and Busch ComfortPanel ®. The
FW/S 8.2.1 Time Switch also offers this option. A preset time control is corrected to the position of the sun,
i.e. it varies slightly every day.

A defined external mood lighting should be set in a Restaurant every day, 30 minutes before the
sun goes down. Over the course of a year, this does not occur at the same time. To implement the
Astro function, the timer function is set exactly 30 minutes before sunset on the Controlpanel on
the day it is commissioned. Furthermore, the longitude and the latitude of the project location as
well as the date and the time must be programmed.
If the Astro function is activated the switching time will be adapted over the course of the year.
The mood light switches on every day 30 minutes before sunset.

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3.4.4. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 with Application Times/Quantities

The software features a very large timer with 800 switching times. It can be assigned to any number of
loads. The basic programming is implemented via the ETS, but can be easily changed by the end custom-
er using programming software PZM2 and without using ETS. In principle it is a weekly timer. By compiling
up to 100 special days or time periods, individual days can be considered, e.g. holidays. Telegrams with
1 bit or 8 bits can be sent.

Fig. 49: Programming with ETS and PZM2

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Fig. 50: View of the user interface application Times/Quantities

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3.4.5. Visualisation software

In combination with visualization software such as Eisbär, BCON or Voyager installed on a PC, this pro-
vides a comprehensive timer. The computer’s internal clock receives the time and date. Comprehensive
time switch functions can be implemented in conjunction with the visualization software.
Because of the different software tools available on the market it is not possible to go into detail at this
point. The following images of the visualization software Eisbär indicate a few of the possibilities.

Fig. 51: Setting of the weekly timer

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Fig. 52: Setting of the yearly timer

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3.5. Occupancy-dependent control

Occupancy dependent control uses motion or presence detectors. It detects the presence of persons in the
building or in external areas and switches the corresponding lighting on or off.

In many Doctors surgeries, the toilets are within the building, i.e. as soon as a person enters the
toilet area the lighting is required. One possibility would be to permanently light the area during
opening hours or to allow the person to switch on and off the lights themselves. Unfortunately a lot
people forget to switch off the lights.
A more economic solution here is the use of a motion detector. As soon as a person enters the
room the lighting is switched on and switched off as soon as they leave the room.

The persons do not need to actuate a button or switch. Switch off of the lighting is assured.
This saves both energy and costs.

3.5.1. Function principle of detectors

In general, motion and presence detector, operate according to the infra red detection principle, i.e. body
heat is detected. The detection field is subdivided into a number of segments. The movement of a warm
body from one segment to the next is detected as a motion.
The difference between motion detectors and presence detectors is in the resolution of the segments. The
detection segments of a presence detector are smaller due to their higher resolution and therefore react to
smaller movements of a person.

Motion detector location

ABB i-bus® KNX motoring detectors are used in areas in which people move actively in the detection area,
i.e. walk in this area. Typical areas are halls, staircases and access areas outside the building. Motion
detectors are suitable for indoor and outdoor use.

Presence detector locations

ABB i-bus® KNX presence detectors are used in areas that people move very little over a period of time.
Typical examples are offices, conference rooms and class rooms. The use of presence detectors is only
useful indoors.

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solo® motion detector solo®

Fig. 53: Motion detectors for indoor use

Fig. 54: Motion detectors for outdoor use

Fig. 55: Presence detector

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3.5.2. Detection range of detectors

The detection range varies from detector to detector.

The sensitivity reduces with greater distance from the detector, as the segments in the detec-
tion range are larger with distance. The detection end values should therefore only be seen as
theoretical values. In practice, half of the stated value is more useful. Here you must test the ap-
plication or increase the follow-on time, refer to the ABB i-bus® KNX basic functions of detectors,
chapter 3.5.3.
The sides of the motion detector lens can be partly taped off to reduce the detection range.
The presence detectors are subdivided into 4 x 90° areas. They can be blanked out individually
using the ETS software. The detection radius can be reduced by masking off the lens.

3.5.2.1. ABB i-bus® KNX motion detectors

The motion detectors are available in different product series, e.g. priOn® and solo®. The detection ranges
are differentiated in selective and multi-lens types.

Selective lens
Selective lens means that motion detection is carried out in a disc pattern. Mounting at push button height
is useful here.

Pets who are underneath the mounted height are not detected.

Multilens
Multilens means a spatial detection.

Mounting on the ceiling is possible, i.e. outside the access area of persons.
The possibility of damage or theft of the detector is made more difficult or significantly reduced.

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6122/01-500 Busch Watchdog® 180 FM sensor 6122/02-500 Busch Watchdog® 180 FM sensor

Standard Select Comfort II Multi-lens




  







 



Fig: 56: Motion detector detection range

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ABB i-bus® KNX presence detector

Presence detectors are mounted in the ceiling and have a detection range of 360°.

Inner detection range (seated persons)

Seated persons must be fully within the detection range. The
smaller the distance between the presence detector and the
person to be detected, the smaller the movement which can still
be detected. The reference level for detecting the movements of
seated persons is around 1 m. At this height the detection range
extends to 6 m.
Diameter (installation height of presence detector = 2.5 m).
Installing the detector higher up expands the detection range but
reduces detection intensity.

Outer detection range (walking persons)

The detection range for people walking around is larger. The de-
tection reference level is the floor. Thus, installation at a height of
around 2.5 m produces a detection range diameter of around 8 m.

Fig. 57: Presence detector detection range

Installation height Seated persons* Walking persons*

2.0 m 4m 6m
2.5 m 6m 8m
3.0 m 8m 10 m
3.5 m 10 m 12 m
4.0 m 12 m** 14 m
5.0 m 16 m** 18 m

* Seating height 1 m

** No longer suitable for pure “desk work”, or switching OFF delay > 15 minutes

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3.5.3. Basic functions of detectors

An ON telegram is generally sent if a person enters the detection range of a detector.
The follow-on time starts to run after the detection range has been exited. After the follow-on time has
elapsed an OFF telegram is sent to the actuator. The follow-on time prevents an immediate shut-off of the
lighting with little or no movement.
The time range of the follow-on time can be freely selected, e.g. in the entry area of a building 30 seconds
and in the toilet area 5 minutes.
The motion detectors can be operated in the following modes:
The key factor influencing when a telegram is sent is the operating mode setting, which can be selected
under “Extended Parameters”. The motion detector can operate in various modes: “Semi-automatic”,
“Automatic time control” or “Automatic”.
In “Semi-automatic” mode, the motion detector switches on automatically whenever it detects motion.
When an Off telegram is received on object “External pushbutton input”, it switches off.
Note: the motion detector switches off automatically after six hours.
In “Automatic time control” mode, the motion detector has to be switched on manually by receipt of an On
telegram on object “External pushbutton input“. It then switches off after the set stopping time has elapsed
following the last movement detected, or it has to be switched off manually.
In “Automatic” mode, the motion detector switches on automatically whenever it detects motion. It switches
off after the set stopping time has elapsed following the last movement detected, or when an Off telegram
is received on object “External pushbutton input”. When it is switched off manually, the internal sensor sup-
presses motion detection for the parameterized pause time.

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3.5.3.1. Detectors with brightness sensor

A further function of ABB i-bus® KNX detectors is brightness-dependent control.

In a glazed stairwell the lighting is switched via a motion detector.

The lighting should only be switched on if there is an insufficient incidence of external light.
A motion detector with brightness sensor controls this. The brightness threshold value can be set
individually.
The parameter follow-on time and brightness threshold can be changed in the ETS or on the
device with a potentiometer (on a small setting screw). In the application it is possible to decide
where the parameter can be set.

Benefit from setting on the device

The end customers can adjust the values without ETS. This solution is simple and cost-effective
for them.

Benefit of setting in the ETS

The end customer cannot change the settings and therefore avoid possible malfunctions.

3.5.4. Operation with several parallel detectors (motion or presence detectors)

Several detectors can be mounted in order to increase the detection range.

Several detectors are installed in order to detect the entire length of a hall. These only switch one
lighting circuit. All detectors and actuators are assigned with the same group address.
The detector is programmed in the classical manner, i.e. with an ON telegram at the start of detec-
tion, and with an OFF telegram at the end of the Light-on time. If a person in the hall enters the
detection range of the first detector, an ON telegram is sent. The person moves on to the detec-
tion range of the second detector. An ON telegram is again sent to the actuator. If the person only
moves in the detection area of the second detector, the first detector sends an OFF telegram
at the end of the Light-on time and switches off the lighting. This is an unwanted function in this
case.

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Solution 1:
If the motion detector detects a movement, this will only cyclically send an ON telegram. The switch actua-
tor is parameterized with the Staircase lighting function and switches the lighting off after the preset time.
Note that the cycle time of the sensor is shorter than the staircase lighting time of the actuator. Otherwise
the undesired intermediate switch off state of the lighting will reoccur.

Fig. 58: Parallel operation of motion detectors

The cycle time of the sensors should not be too short in order to reduce the unnecessary telegram
traffic load on the bus.

Solution 2:
One of the detectors is specified as a master while the others operate as slaves. The master operates as
a standard master with an ON telegram when it detects movement and an OFF telegram after the stopping
time. When the slave devices detect movement they send an ON telegram cyclically to object Extension
input unit; if no motion is detected, then no telegram is sent. If no movement is detected in any of a detec-
tor’s detection ranges, the master device sends an OFF telegram to the actuator once the Light-on time
has elapsed.

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3.6 Light dependent control and regulation

Particularly comfortable and economical to implement are the control and regulation-dependent functions
of ABB i-bus® KNX:
– Daylight dependent control
– Constant lighting control

3.6.1. Daylight dependent control

A daylight-dependent control utilises the available daylight to save operating and energy costs.
Prerequisite for the realisation of a daylight-dependent control are windows that allow as much external
light as possible into the building.

Solution 1: Presence Detector PM/A x.1.1 as a ‘constant light switch’

Constant light switching switches on the lights whenever people are moving about in the detection range
and the available daylight is insufficient to provide the desired level of brightness in the room. In doing so
the presence detector detects the lighting power of the installed lamps. As soon as there is enough day-
light, the artificial light source is switched off.
This solution only helps if presence detectors are planned as part of the installation.

Solution 2: Brightness sensor on building exterior

A light sensor is mounted on the exterior of the building for implementing the control. This measures the
level of brightness which enters the rooms through the windows. Different possibilities are available to
implement the concept:
– Simple implementation with ABB i-bus® KNX
– Optimized implementation with ABB i-bus® KNX

Three lighting strips are installed on the ceiling parallel to the window front in an open-plan office.
The light sensor on the building exterior is connected to the ABB i-bus® KNX. Three brightness
thresholds are set in the control. When the first threshold is reached, the lighting strip on the
window front is switched off. If the second threshold is reached the lighting strip in the middle is
switched off and when the third brightness threshold is reached the third lighting strip parallel to
the window front is also switched off.

The daylight-dependent control is a cost-effective solution. One light sensor is sufficient for
measuring several rooms. Or constant light switching can be used where presence detectors are
planned. Changes to the assignment are easy to undertake, e.g. if the lighting in the rooms on the
ground floor should not be included. Also, the daylight-dependent control can be combined with
the dimming function. Often one dimming channel per room is sufficient for implementation. Differ-
ent brightness stages can be set to suit the brightness level. When using constant light switching,
interference, such as blinds darkening the room, is registered.

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In practice the daylight-dependent control does not generate a constant level of brightness by
switching. Sometimes there are distracting jumps in brightness in the room. To improve this, day-
light-dependent control can be combined with the dimming function. This usually means a higher
cost investment in the actuators. A further disadvantage is that the daylight-dependent control with
exterior light sensors is purely a control. Interference, such as blinds darkening the room, is simply
not registered.

3.6.1.1. Simple realisation with ABB i-bus® KNX

The brightness thresholds can be set in the light sensor. A 1 bit telegram is sent on the bus if the set value
is exceeded or is below the threshold. Generally the threshold value is programmed so that an ON signal
is transmitted if the exterior brightness drops below the threshold value, and an OFF signal is transmitted
above the threshold value.
An 8 bit telegram can also be sent instead of a 1 bit telegram. This allows the dimming actuator to dim
down the brightness level. If the 8 bit telegram is not available, the function Preset of the dimming actuator
can be used. The function Preset allows the recall of a brightness value via a 1 bit telegram.

For further information see chapter 3.1

ABB supplies a second generation brightness sensor with an exterior light sensor, type HS/S 4.2.1, which
has the following features:
– Up to three addressable sensors can be connected to a control unit
– Brightness calibration of sensors possible
– Control unit display for reading and changing values
– Brightness measurement 1–100,000 lux
– Ten switching channels with limit values, plus four additional threshold values
– Accurate sensor
– Internal logic functions
– Brightness values available on the bus

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Fig. 59: Brightness Sensor HS/S 4.2.1 with up to three associated light sensors

For the HS/S 4.2.1 to perform the basic function of an exterior light-dependent lighting control, threshold
values must be set so that it knows when to switch the lighting off or on. The corresponding channels
of the HS/S 4.2.1 are connected to the channels of the assigned actuators and their associated lighting
circuits via the same group address.

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Fig. 60: Group addressing

Fig. 61: Threshold values

A further setting possibility involves automatic switch on of the lighting after the brightness level
falls below the brightness threshold. This setting leads however, to the effect that at the end of
operating hours (work) when the lighting is switched off, it will switch back on automatically with
nightfall. It is also possible that the lighting has been switched off by the lighting sensor, and now
a person will enter the room and press the light switch. This will lead to the situation where the
lighting is no longer switched off by the light sensor.
The optimised implementation of a daylight-dependent control with ABB i-bus® KNX provides vari-
ous solutions for this effect.

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3.6.1.2. Optimised realisation with ABB i-bus® KNX

Different optimised implementation possibilities can be realised with ABB i-bus® KNX using:
– Cyclical transmission
– Logical functions
– Priority control

3.6.1.2.1. Cyclical transmission

The OFF telegram of the lighting sensor is transmitted cyclically, e.g. every ten minutes.
The ON telegram of the push button is overwritten in this case after a short time.

Fig. 62: Cyclical transmission with the HS/S 4.2.1

Intentional switching-in of the artificial lighting is practically impossible this way.

3.6.1.2.2. Logical functions

With a logical function (AND function) it is possible that only the switched on local push button can control
the brightness sensor of the lighting.

The lighting can be switched on at any time.

If someone neglects to switch off the lighting when he leaves the room, the lighting will continue
to be controlled via the light sensor when night falls.

Unintended lighting during nigh time can be avoided by sending a central switch OFF telegram to
all the lighting in the evening.

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Fig. 63: AND function using the example of the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1

The group address 5/7/2 at both inputs enables switch on and switch off of the lighting using the local
push button at any time. This logical function can even be implemented directly in the Switch Actuators
SA/S x.x.

3.6.1.2.3. Priority control

The priority control of the switch actuator, e.g. forced operation, is logically linked with the group address of
the local push button. Thus the lighting can be switched on using the push button at any time. If the priority
communication object is linked with the brightness sensor, the signal of the lighting sensor has a higher
priority.

Fig. 64: Group addressing

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Devices which can be used

Brightness Sensor HS/S 4.2.1 is the classic solution. Several independent brightness thresholds can be
set directly in the parameters.
Conventional brightness sensors can be connected, e.g. via 0...10 V, on Analogue Input AE/S 4.2. Up to
two brightness threshold values can be programmed. Highly accurate sensors from relevant manufacturers
can be used here.
All setting possibilities are also available with the Weather Station WS/S 4.1 or Weather Station WZ/S 4.1.
A conventional brightness sensor with a potentiometer for threshold value setting and a relay contact for
signalling of the exceeded threshold values, must be connected to the bus via a binary Input.

The described system is a controlled system. This means that the light sensors may never be
allowed to detect the room and the internal brightness as otherwise an “oscillating system” would
result. This function only operates with integrated regulation, see chapter 3.6.2. Constant lighting
control.

The light sensor is always mounted externally on the exterior of the building and not behind a
shutter that could be closed. Even when installed in the interior behind a pane of glass the reflec-
tions and diffusion of the light in the glass can lead to malfunctions.
It is possible that more than one light sensor must be fitted per building façade, e.g. because of
darkening of the ground floor due to trees. The same is true with shadow effect by other buildings
in front of the façade.

A hysteresis should always be established around the threshold value, see parameter window
with HS/S 4.2.1. This prevents frequent switch on and off should the brightness level deviate fre-
quently around the threshold, e.g. with a threshold of 5000 Lux and hysteresis of 12.5 % the real
threshold value to be exceeded is 6000 Lux (lighting OFF) and to be undershot 4000 Lux (lighting
ON).

The delay time after the threshold value is exceeded or undershot can also be set in the param-
eters. This has the effect that brief and intense changes in the external light level, e.g. due to
breaks in clouds and wind do not immediately lead to immediate switching of the light. The set
time defines how long the level can be below the threshold until the switch function is actually car-
ried out.

The limit values which lead to switching of the lighting have to be determined by testing.
Factors of influence are:
– The size of the window
– The decoration of the room, e.g. dark furniture
– Colour of the walls and floor
– Required brightness in the room

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3.6.2. Constant lighting control

Optimum lighting conditions in buildings can be realised economically with the constant lighting control of
the ABB i-bus® KNX. It can be used to regulate the actual brightness in the rooms. The brightness in the
room is measured and the main causes of interference are detected, e.g. darkness due to shutters or par-
tial shading due to buildings directly opposite. An almost perfect level of brightness is therefore achieved in
the room without the external influences.
For implementation a dimming actuator, a controller, a brightness sensor with connection to ABB i-bus® KNX
and a push button for switching on and off or manual dimming are required. Typical solutions with the
ABB i-bus® KNX are DALI Light Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M or DLR/A 4.8.1.1 or Light Controller/Switch/Dim
Actuator LR/S 2.16.1 or 4.16.1, each in combination with Light Sensor LF/U 2.1.
In addition, Room Controller RC/A x.2 can be used with Light Regulator Module LR/M 1.1.

Fig. 65: Light Controller LR/S 2.16.1 and Light Sensor LF/U 2.1

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Control functions

L1
N
KNX

LR/S x.16.1
Function 2x
light controller (1)

0..10 V EBD
LF/U 2.1

I
0

L1
N
KNX

LR/S x.16.1
Function 2x
light controller (2)

0..10 V EBD
LF/U 2.1

I
0 Lx

L1
N
KNX

LR/S x.16.1
Function 2x
light controller (3)

0..10 V EBD
LF/U 2.1

I
0 Lx

Fig. 66: Light sensor operating principle using the example of 0–10 V control

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Control functions

3.6.2.1. Function principle

The operating principle is explained here using the example of Lighting Controller/Switch/Dim Actuator
LR/S 2.16.1 in combination with Light Sensor LF/U 2.1. With respect to constant light control, the solution
with DALI Light Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M or DLR/A 4.8.1.1 is identical, so all of the statements in Chap-
ters 3.6.2.1 and 3.6.2.2 also apply to these devices. Switch/Dim Actuator LR/S x.16.1 is both a dimming
actuator and controller.
Light Sensor LF/U 2.1 is connected to this device via a two core cable. Light Sensor LF/U 2.1 is fitted to
the ceiling in the area where the lighting is to be regulated, e.g. in an office above the desk. In this way the
light sensor detects the “reflected brightness” from the illuminated media, i.e. the luminance. The second
brightness factor measured is the lighting intensity, which can be measured with the lux meter. This can be
viewed as the direct brightness (or the luminous flux) as seen by the lux meter or the human eye.
Different levels of luminance result at the same lighting intensity with differing reflecting media, e.g.
brighter or darker carpets. In practice, this reason and other conditions mean that exact regulation is never
established as deviations of +/- 10–20 % from the target value are generally the result. This tolerance is
viewed as insignificant and is non-critical for the human eye and the sensory perception of the persons
who are present. The regulation processes in Lighting Controller/Switch/Dim Actuator LR/S x.16.1 are
deliberately carried out slowly in order to smoothen transitions in brightness.

For more information see the product manuals for Lighting Controller LR/S x.16.1 or DALI Lighting
Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M or DLR/A 4.8.1.1.

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Control functions

3.6.2.1.1. Light Sensor LF/U 2.1

The Light Sensor features a photo diode for detection of the brightness, which generates a brightness-
dependent current.
The Light Sensors include two light rods. The following image indicates the detection range of both sen-
sors. The diagrams shows the light sensitivity of the sensors in the room. The percentage values refer to
the maximum sensitivity of the light sensor.

Light sensor with a white light guide Light sensor with clear light guide
-180°
100%
-180°
90% 100%

80%
70% 80%

60%
50% 60%

40%
30% 40%

20%
10% 20%
0%
90° -90° 0%
90° -90°

80° -80°
80° -80°

70° -70°
70° -70°
60° -60°
60° -60°
50° -50°
50° -50°
40° -40°
40° -40°
30° -30° 30° -30°
20° -20° 20° -20°
15° -15° 15° 10° -15°
10° 5° -5° -10°
0° 5° 0° -5° -10°

Fig. 67: Detection range of both sensors

Plexiglas rod with clear fibre-optic conductor

This has a larger detection range and is influenced by the incidence of light from the side.

Plexiglas rod with white fibre-optic conductor

This rod is covered in a white jacket to provide a smaller detection range and to ensure insensitivity to inci-
dence of light from the sides. This rod can be used if the detection range has to be limited as the reflected
light may be influenced, for example, by window sills, which affect the large reference area of the clear
fibre-optic rod.
In practice the Plexiglas rod has been already been completely removed in projects. As a result,
the visual field is enlarged and more diffused which sometimes assists in the optimisation of the
light control.

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Control functions

Positioning of Light Sensor LF/U 2.1

There is one fundamental rule for positioning of the sensor:
Position the sensor as low as possible in the room but not directly in front of reflecting walls.
Ensure that the sensor is not subject to direct sunlight or sources of artificial lighting.

For further information see product manuals Light Controller LR/S x.16.1 and
Light Sensor LF/U 2.1.

3.6.2.2. Setting the regulation

The procedure is explained in detail in the manual of the LR/S x.16.1. A brief summary follows to explain
the operating principle:

Artificial lighting calibration

First of all a calibration with artificial lighting is performed. This means that the desired setpoint must be set
exclusively using artificial lighting:
1. Deactivate lighting control Send a 0 to the communication object activate control.
Control is deactivated.
2. Darken the room using the blinds or wait until it is dark outside.
The brightness in the detection range of the light sensor should be less than 20 lx.
3. Set the artificial lighting so that the setpoint brightness is set to the reference point.
The light sensor should be positioned above the reference surface. Adjust the setpoint via the dimming
object Relative dimming, e.g. to 500 lx.
The Luxmeter should be positioned vertically below the light sensor.
4. Send a telegram with the value 1 to the communication object Enable calibration.
5. Initiate artificial lighting calibration. Send a telegram with the value 1 to the communication object
Calibration lighting.
6. T
 he controller now commences with artificial lighting calibration. A jump to 100 % brightness followed by
dimming down to 0 % follows. Calibration is completed after about 1 minute.
7. E
 nd of artificial lighting calibration. The light is switched on automatically, the control is active and the
lighting is controlled to the set brightness value.

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Control functions

Calibration daylight
The daylight calibration is performed in a similar fashion to the procedure described above. For this pur-
pose, the required setpoint must be achieved exclusively by natural daylight. In practice this is very difficult
and frequently impossible.
For this reason, a compensation factor is generally used. This value is between 0 and 99 and can be
changed in the parameter settings.
The standard value is 35 and is first of all loaded to the device. The rest of the procedure is described in
the manual:
This factor defines the relationship between daylight and artificial lighting.
A larger value compensates more for daylight. A smaller value on the other hand gives a higher weight-
ing to artificial lighting. After the factor has been transferred for download in the light controller, the lighting
control has to be compared using the brightness measured in the detection range of the light controller by
the Luxmeter. More artificial lighting is required if the desired setpoint is undershot. This is achieved by
increasing the factor. Too much artificial lighting is provided if the desired setpoint is exceeded.
The artificial lighting share must be reduced. This is implemented by reducing the factor.
This is repeated until the light control controls the required brightness

The Switch / Dim Actuator and Light Controller LR/S x.16.1 offers various options for manual intervention
with active control:
Frequently a push button is installed in the room which can be used to switch on and dim the lighting.
If both of the first parameters are set as in the following parameter window, these operating options will
result:
– Manual dimming (long button push) on the local push button switches off the control
– Switch on of the lighting (short button push) activates the control with an initial brightness of 70 %

Fig. 68: Parameters LR/S x.16.1 Control Operating

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Control functions

The i-bus tool is a free service tool that provides an easy way to balance artificial light and
daylight.

Fig. 69: i-bus Tool

From practical experience in many projects it can be said that deactivation of the regulation with
manual actuation is useful and usually undertaken. The control is activated via the communica-
tion object Switch as mentioned above. This can be sent via the local push button and also for
example, via a presence detector or centrally. However, only the local push button provides the
individual room occupants the opportunity to switch on and off the automatic control at any time.
The acceptance of an automatic system is greater if the user is provided with the opportunity to
switch off the automatic system. Even when this option is rarely or never used.

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Control functions

Function Slave
With the help of the function Slave several dimming channels can be compiled to a controlled lighting cir-
cuit. One channel assumes the function Master and sends the control value via the communication object
Master: Brightness value of slave on the bus. Further dimmers operate as slaves and can thus only be
addressed via the communication object Brightness value of slave.
If the function Slave is switched off in the parameters, and if the control variable from the master dimmer is
sent to the normal brightness value, separate access to the dimmer is possible.

A lighting circuit with two lighting strips is installed in an office. Lighting strip 2 should be darker
than lighting strip 1 because of its proximity to the window. Lighting strip 1 is the master and light-
ing strip 2 is the slave with activated characteristic curve correction. This allows a difference in
brightness between both lighting strips without the installation of a second light sensor.

Light sensor

Lighting strip 1 Lighting strip 2

Master Slave

Window

Fig. 70: Office with master/slave control

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Control functions

Fig. 71: Characteristic adjustment

Sometimes it is necessary to modify the dimming characteristic of the lighting. This characteristic
curve can be converted by four value pairs to an adjusted curve. Thus, for example, the dim-
ming behaviour can be adapted to the sensitivity of the human eye and a more uniform dimming
process is achieved.

The characteristic adjustment acts directly on the 1-10 V output and not on the communication ob-
ject Master: Brightness value of slave or Status brightness value. This means that a characteristic
adjustment must be set in the output of the Light Controller or in the external slave.
In a master/slave combination of LR/S x.16.1 and DG/S 1.1, DG/S 8.1 or DG/S 1.16.1 a charac-
teristic adjustment may not be transferred to the DG/S.

3.6.2.3. Light regulation with other ABB i-bus® KNX components

Further ABB i-bus® KNX components for lighting regulation can be used:
– Presence Detector PM/A 2.1
– External Controller

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Control functions

3.6.2.3.1. DualLINE Presence Detector type 6131/11

Presence Detector 6131/11 has an integrated light sensor, and the application allows regulation of the
light. The control value is sent to various dimmers via the bus.
A lux meter is also needed to measure the brightness at the desired location in order to set the relevant
setpoint. Manually dim the lamps until they reach the required brightness. Next, save the measured light
value via the Store object of the presence detector.
This device does not require calibration.
The presence detector can control two lighting circuits per channel via two independent outputs/communi-
cation objects.
The value of output 2 is derived from that of output 1 and the corresponding proportionality factor, e.g.
70 %. This factor is also exceeded if the desired setpoint is not reached. This option is comparable to the
master/slave function described above.

For further information, refer to the Presence Detector product manual

The position of the light sensor is fixed to the presence detector. If this is not considered,conflicts
may arise. The presence detector should be positioned in the centre of the room and the light sen-
sor should be as low as possible in the room.

The installation expense is reduced and the Light Sensor LF/U 2.1 is not required.

The control variable is sent on the bus. The use of many control circuits however leads to in-
creased telegram traffic. This leads to an increased bus load and may even lead to an overload.

External controller
Another approach is to use an external control, e.g. Analogue Input AE/S 4.2 or AE/A 2.1. A light sensor is
connected to its 0...10 V input.

This approach as a result has an increased installation expense. The resulting increased telegram
traffic leads to an increased bus load and possibly even to an overload.

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Status messages

4. Status messages
The status messages indicate the state of the lighting. The direct state of a lamp can be:
– ON
– OFF
– Brightness

These direct status messages are usually displayed locally on the push button via an LED (for ON/OFF) or
an LCD display (for brightness).

The state of the ceiling lighting cannot be seen from outside as a result of the reflecting mirrored
surfaces due to the inclined perspective when looking into a room. The direct state is immediately
recognisable via the status display on LED display on the local push buttons.
Further status messages indicate further operating states:
– Function Staircase light
– Manual/automatic
– Constant lighting control
– Light scene, etc.
As these status messages only state something about the operating state, they are usually indi-
cated at a central point via a display or visualisation system.

4.1. ON/Off status message

The ON/OFF status message occurs frequently. The LED on the local push button indicates the switching
state independently of the location where the lighting has been switched.
The colour of the LED can be programmed:
– ON = red and OFF = green
– Inverted: ON = green and OFF = red
– Fully OFF

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Status messages

4.1.1. Status messages without separate status object in the actuator

The communication of the ABB i-bus® KNX is implemented via telegrams. A sensor, e.g. a push button,
sends a telegram with a group address. The actuator or actuators with the same group address accept the
telegram and carry out the function which is specified, e.g. switch on. One actuator or actuators then sends
a confirmation telegram after the telegram is received (acknowledge). The sensor, e.g. push button, now
knows that the telegram has reached the recipient. A repetition is thus unnecessary.

This process does not confirm that the relay has switched and that the lighting has switched on.
It only confirms that the telegram has been sent and received.
Normally you can assume that the function has been undertaken after the telegram has been
sent. The telegram can also be used to activate the LED.

Fig. 72: LED status indication on push button

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Status messages

Depending on the push button used, there are two possibilities to assign the group address
to the LED:
– LED with its own communication object
– LED without its own communication object

Fig. 73: LED with its own communication object

Fig. 74: LED without its own communication object

In this communication object the value of the group address directly controls the state of the respective
LED in this push button.

Fig. 75: Possible settings for the parameters

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Status messages

4.1.2. Status messages with separate status object in the actuator

The switch actuators offer the opportunity to send a separate telegram back on the bus as a status feed-
back. This status telegram is only sent if the relay has been actuated by the application.

Fig. 76: LED status indication on push button with separate Status object

A total of four telegrams are sent in this way: the telegram of the transmitter, the status telegram of the
actuator and the confirmation telegrams (acknowledge).

The lighting of a room can be operated locally via a push button and together via the lighting
control of the entire building using the central switch. In the evening all lamps are switched off
via a central OFF telegram. If all states of the entire lighting are sent on the bus it can lead to an
increased bus load as a result of the increased telegram traffic and maybe even to an overload.

There is the possibility, e.g. with the Switch Actuators SA/S x.x, to set in the parameters if the
status of the state should be always indicated, or only indicated when the value changes, Fig. 77.
This considerably reduces the telegram traffic.

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Status messages

Fig. 77: Parameter “Status response of switching state”

A further major advantage of current value detection is the possibility to represent the state of the relay
independently of the operating points, e.g. local push buttons, central push buttons or timer using a single
groups address by the so-called communication object Status switch.
As a result only one group address must be entered in the communication object LED display.

Fig. 78: Communication objects push button

Fig. 79: Communication objects Actuator

The group addresses 2/4/6, 2/6/13 and 10/3/6 access the channel from other positions, e.g. centrally,
Brightness sensor or timer.

If no communication object Status switch is available in the actuator, all of these group addresses
in the actuator must be also in the communication object LED display of the push button. As a
result, the maximum number of possible group addresses of the push button can be reached very
quickly.

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Status messages

Fig. 80: Communication objects push button and actuator without communication object Status switch

Fig. 81: Communication objects Actuator

If no separate communication object is available for the LED display in the push button, the assignment
changes.

Fig. 82: Communication objects push button

The group addresses 2/4/6, 2/6/13 and 10/3/6 are listening group addresses. They influence the function
of the LED accordingly. The LED indicates the value of the communication object of the respective push
button, see LED without its own communication object (Fig. 72).

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Status messages

4.1.3. Central OFF telegram with status message

If in the parameters the setting always signal status s selected, all relays are practically switched simulta-
neously with an OFF command and the status messages of every channel are sent on the bus.

If now all status messages are sent to a central point, e.g. to a visualisation system, it can cause
an overload of the bus system.

In order to avoid an overload of the bus system it is necessary to ensure that the central telegram
is distributed and the transmission of the split telegrams occurs at staggered intervals.

An office building consists of five floors. Forty lamps are fitted on each floor. If the central OFF
telegram is now triggered, only the lighting in the lowest floor will switch off. The group address for
this purpose is routed via a timer, e.g. via a switch off delay with the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1,
see chapter 3.3 Control functions On/Off delay. Thus the telegram is sent with a delay and conse-
quently the lighting for the next floor is switched off with delay. The next floors are then switched
via further timers.
For implementation purposes, the central telegramd is divided into sub-telegrams, which are sent
at staggered intervals. If each of the timers is set to five seconds, an overall delay of 25 seconds
occurs.
This time factor is usually functionally negligible.

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Status messages

Fig. 83: Central switching with ABL/S 2.1 and delay

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Status messages

4.2. Current detection

A separate status message is one step closer to the objective of a correct status display, but it still does
not detect if the lighting is actually switched on. The lamp could be defective.
Detection of the current in the circuit is necessary in order to detect the actual state of the lamp. Some
switch actuators, e.g. SA/S x.16.6.1, can measure the flow of current via the relay. The current value is
detected and compared with two parameterised threshold values. With an undershoot or overshoot of a
threshold value a 1 bit telegram is sent.

It is important that all lamps are functional in a staircase. Otherwise sections of the staircase can
be dark, which can have serious consequences, e.g. danger of accidents. Monitoring by detection
of the current flow in the loads (the lamps) ensures that the caretaker does not need to check all
the lamps locally every day.
A current limit value is set in the parameters of the switch actuators which will clearly indicate if
the lamp (equipment) is not active for this purpose. If the value is below the current threshold,
a telegram is sent to indicate this fact. A further parameter enables current detection evaluation for
parameterization:
Options:
– Always
– Only with a closed contact
– Only with an opened contact

Usually the setting only with a closed contact is useful. This represents the switched on state.

If a value is below the current threshold this could also be due to a defective cable or to a circuit-
breaker which has tripped. This is however rarely the case.

This interesting, very good and useful function can be realised with relatively little effort and ex-
pense. This is why it is used and demanded in more and more projects.

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Status messages

4.2.1. Contact monitoring

Contact monitoring is a “residual effect” of current detection. It is possible to detect for example, if a relay
contact sticks or if the mechanical system of the relay is jammed, i.e. the contacts cannot open.
The communication object Contact monitoring is set to a value of 1 if a current exceeding 100 mA flows
with the switch telegram Open contact. If no current flows with an opened contact, the value is set to 0.

4.3. Special functions of the status messages

The LED display on the push buttons can also be used for other functions:
– Push button without function but with LED display
– Push buttons with two functions and an LED display
– LED display with other functions than lighting
– Solution with conventional push buttons
– Lighting with function Time
– LED display with switching of multiple lamps via a push button
– Push buttons with multicolor LEDs
– Color-coded LEDs

4.3.1. Push button without function but with LED display

If a push button is not to be assigned with a function but the LED display of the push button, nothing is
entered in the Switch function object. If the push button does not have its own communication object LED,
the group address must be entered in the communication object Switch in second place (as a listening
group address). In first place the so-called dummy group address is entered. This is not assigned to a
communication object of another device and does not undertake any function.

A push button without its own communication object LED cannot differentiate between the function
to be executed and the information to be displayed with the LED.

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Status messages

4.3.2. Push button with two functions and one LED display
A push button programmed with two functions can only visually represent one function for each side of the
rocker. This applies to the Triton and Busch-priOn® push buttons. Each rocker has one LED. Generally,
one side of the rocker is permanently assigned to the LED display. All solo push buttons have two LEDs,
for different functions on the left or right side of the rocker.

4.3.3. Each rocker has one LED. Generally one side of the rocker has a fixed assignment to the LED.
It is possible to represent other switching states than the respective lighting via the LED display. If a sepa-
rate communication object is available in the push button, any required group address can be assigned. If
no separate communication object is available, the desired group addresses are entered additionally in the
communication object as listening group addresses. The first group address is then the address with the
main function of push button.

A building is equipped with a sun protection system (shutters). Should a wind alarm occur, all LED
displays on the push buttons should flash.
For this purpose a telegram is generated with alternating ON/OFF during a wind alarm via ex-
ternal logic, e.g. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1. This group address is additionally assigned to the
communication object LED.

Fig. 84: Realisation of the function Flashing on the ABL/S 2.1

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Status messages

A further option for making the push button LEDs flash is the alarm function. This can be activated on the
solo and Busch-priOn® push buttons, and enables an additional communication object Alarm. If to this
object a telegram with the value 1 will be sent, the LED flashes at 1 Hz.

Fig. 85: Communication object Alarm, solo push button

4.3.4. Solution with conventional push buttons

If you are operating with the Universal Interface US/U x.2 from ABB and conventional push buttons, an
LED display can be controlled via an output channel of the Universal Interface US/U x.2. This solution is
even more flexible than the solution with bus switches, e.g. the software of the Universal Interface US/U
x.2 already includes a flashing function.

The output current per channel is 2 mA. This is sufficient for certain high efficient LED indicators.

It is often difficult to obtain conventional push buttons with LED indicators on the market. It is how-
ever possible to select push buttons with a glow lamp and to replace them with an LED.

4.3.5. Lighting with function Time

For lighting with a time delay or a function staircase lighting, there is now a direct chronological relationship
between actuation of the push button and the switching state of the lighting. If an LED display indication
is required here, it must be processed with the function Status. The telegram of the function status is sent
practically at the same time with the state change of the relay.

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Status messages

4.3.6. LED display with switching of multiple lamps via a push button
The lighting of an entire floor or several floors is switched using a central push button. The status of the
lighting can be displayed on the LED of the push button.

The entire lighting of the upper floor of a house should be switched off from a central location with
a push button. A push button with integrated LED is installed in order to check if all lights of an up-
per floor are actually switched off. The LED should light up red as soon as at least one light on the
upper floor is switched on.

It is not sufficient here to enter all lighting group addresses in the communication object LED
button. If then two lights are switched on and only one of them is switched off again, the LED in
the push button will change to green even though a light is still on. For this purpose an OR gate is
required, e.g. use of the Logic Module LM/S 1.1 or the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1.

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Status messages

4.3.7 Push buttons with multicolor LEDs

The solo Comfort and Busch-priOn® push buttons have integrated multicolor LEDs. If the assigned status
object is a 1-byte object, a color can be assigned depending on the value range. Up to five colors are pos-
sible: white, green, yellow, amber and red. In a lighting application, for example, colors can be assigned to
a brightness level.

Fig. 86: Parameters for multicolor LEDs

4.3.8 Color-coded LEDs

The solo Comfort and Busch-priOn® push buttons make available an additional “status function” known as
the color coding system.
This involves assigning a function (e.g. lighting) a fixed color (e.g. yellow). In other words, the LED colors
allow you to recognize a function assignment without showing the actual status of the individual function.
There are several options:

Fig. 87: Assigning an LED color to a function

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Special types of control

5. Special types of control

With ABB i-bus® KNX special types of control can be economically and comfortably established:
– Light scene
– Panic alarm
– Control with DALI

5.1. Light scene

With a light scene a group of lamps can be put into a desired operating state by a defined action. The op-
erating state of a lamp can be ON with 100 % brightness, OFF or a dimming value if dimmable lamps have
been installed. An action is a ABB i-bus® KNX telegram that activates the light scene. As well as lighting,
the scene can also include other functions, e.g. darkening and actions in the area of HEATING/COOLING.
The action telegram can be initiated by different elements, e.g. push buttons, motion detectors or timers.

Push buttons
The standard to switch a light scene are push buttons. These are usually used.

In a living room all the lights should be switched to TV viewing lighting at the touch of a button.
The brightness values of the individual lamps are preset to the ideal brightness for TV viewing and
programmed, e.g. ceiling lighting off, dimming of the wall lighting and indirect lighting on.

Motion detectors
The use of a motion detector for a light scene is a very interesting feature. This is usually selected when a
soft switch-on is required.

In the halls and bathrooms of a hotel the lighting should slowly dim up when the area in question
is entered. This significantly enhances comfort, as for example, the guests do not need to search
for the light switch to visit the bathroom after they wake up and are not dazzled by bright light.

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Timer
At a defined preset time the lighting is switched on in a predefined way.

In a large shopping mall light scenes are recalled at certain times in the window fronts, e.g. differ-
ent items on show should be highlighted alternately. This form of light scene can be very easily
used in museums and galleries in order to create particular moods and to represent the exhibits in
a way which suits the theme of the exhibition.

Display/Touch display
In place of a push button, a control panel with integrated push buttons, LCD or touch display for comfort-
able operation of different light scenes is used.

Different light scenes should be switched from a single position in the living room, e.g. TV viewing
light, romantic lighting or a light scene for dining.
In lecture halls or conference rooms the use of a control panel is also useful. Here different light
scenes are also required, e.g. Scene presentation with beamer or scene Video.

5.1.1. Setting of a light scene

The basic function of a scene is its Recall. The preset brightness values which have been programmed are
recalled here. These values are fixed and can not generally be changed by the operator unless they are
reprogrammed with ETS.
A new scene is set with the Store function. For this purpose, the brightness of the dimmable lamps or their
operating states are determined and stored.
New or modified scenes can be easily and quickly set up by the operator without programming knowledge.
Light scenes can be set using a light scene module (1 bit scene) or in the actuators (8-bit scene).
Light scenes can be implemented using different modules:
– Push buttons of the series Busch-triton® and solo® and Busch-priOn®
– Universal Interface US/U x.2, Binary Input BE/S x.x and Room Controller RC/A x.2
– Logic Module LM/S 1.1
– Display and Control Tableau MT701
– Controlpanel or Busch-ComfortTouch®
– all DALI gateways
– Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1

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5.1.1.1. 1 bit light scene

For this purpose the brightness values or operating states (ON/OFF) are centrally stored in a light scene
module.

Communication objects Store Scene and Recall Scene serve as the inputs of the light scene module, e.g.
Logic Module LM/S 1.1, and the communication objects on the dimmer/switch actuators of the connected
lamps (actuator groups) serve as outputs.

Fig. 88: Principle of the 1 bit light scene with separate light scene module

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5.1.1.2. 8 bit light scene

A prerequisite for the implementation of an 8 bit light scene is that the ABB i-bus® KNX devices concerned
support this function. In contrast to a 1 bit light scene, the brightness values and operating states with
8 bit light scenes are not stored centrally in a light scene module but rather in the assigned actuators. The
sensor which recalls or stores the scene and communicates with the actuators communicates via an 8 bit
telegram.

BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0

0 X Sc en e Nu mb er
(Recall) (not e.g. Scene
defined) No. 0
1 X 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Store)

Fig. 89: Telegram structure of an 8 bit scene

Bit no. 7 defines if the scene is recalled with bit 7 = 0, or stored with bit 7 = 1. The next bit is not defined
and can be 0 or 1. The remaining 6 bits define the scene number which is addressed. With the 6 bits up to
64 different scene numbers can be coded.

Scene no. 4 is recalled with the binary value 00000011 or decimal value 3. With the binary value
1001000 or the decimal value 144 scene no. 17 is stored. If the scene numbers are now assigned
to a push button, a short push will recall the scene and a long push will store the scene.

With the 8 bit light scene only one telegram is sent in order to simultaneously switch or dim all
assigned actuators.

For further information see the product manual for roller blinds and shutter actuators JA/S,
code table.

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The 8 bit light scene can be implemented with the following ABB i-bus® KNX devices:
– Universal Interface US/U x.2
– Binary Input BE/S x.x
– Room Controller RC/A x.2, all modules except the switch actuator
– Shutter Actuators REG JA/S x.x
– Switch sensor solo®
– Switch sensor Busch-priOn®
– Switch Actuators SA/S x.x
– all DALI gateways
– Switch- / dim actuators SD/S x.16.1
– Universal dimmer actuators except the UD/S 2.300.2

Push buttons or binary inputs including Universal Interface US/U x.x can generally send 8-bit val-
ues, i.e. scenes in this case can also be recalled by conventional push buttons. However, it is not
possible to differentiate between a short and long button push. For this reason the Store scene
function must be assigned to a second button.

Display and Control Tableau MT701

Up to 24 light scenes with 32 group addresses (actuator assignments) can be implemented with the Dis-
play and Control Tableau MT701 from ABB i-bus® KNX.

The light scenes can be recalled and stored externally via an 8 bit subsidiary object.

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5.1.1.3. Implementing light scenes in different ABB i-bus® KNX devices

Busch-triton® push button (8 bit)
Light scenes can be set up using all ABB Busch-triton® push buttons as well as the room thermostats.
There are eight light scenes with eight actuator groups available.

Recall and storage of the light scene are performed only with the corresponding buttons on the
Busch-triton® push button. Using a 1-byte object Light scene number (see also 8-bit light scene),
a light scene in the Triton can also be externally recalled, or another actuator added to the scene.

solo® push button (8 bit)

Eight light scenes with eight actuator groups can be set up with the ABB solo® multifunction program se-
ries. In the application these are located under “General Parameters”. 8-bit scenes are also an option with
the solo® push button rocker.

Universal Interface US/U x.2, Binary Input BE/S x.x and Room Controller (1 bit and 8 bit)
With these modules a light scene incorporating up to five actuator groups per channel can be set up.
The light scenes can be stored externally via a communication object.
These modules can also produce 8-bit light scenes.

A light scene can only be recalled via the assigned input.

Binary Input MDRC type BE/S x.x provides the option of reporting when communication object
Scene stored has stored the scene, e.g. via the LED display of the assigned push button.

Logic Module LM/S 1.1 (1 bit)

The ABB i-bus® KNX Logic Module LM/S 1.1 has three functions, each for eight light scenes with six actua-
tor groups, allowing up to 24 light scenes to be set up.
In addition to the input and output communication objects already described here, Logic Module LM/S 1.1
also has the communication object Scene programming mode and the feedback Scene save indication.

For further information, refer to the product manual for Logic Module LM/S 1.1.

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Controlpanel
The Controlpanel from ABB can be used to implement 32 light scenes, each with 20 actuator assignments.

Busch-ComfortTouch®
Up to 64 scenes or sequences are available with the Busch-ComfortTouch®. In contrast to scenes, the
delayed processing of successive actions are possible with scenes. On sequences, different pause times
can be inserted between the individual actions and sequences can also be paused or stopped.

For further information see the product manual of the Busch-ComfortTouch®.

DALI gateways DG/S 1.1, DG/S 8.1, DG/S 1.16.1, DLR/S 8.16.1M , DLR/A 4.8.1.1 and DGN/S 1.16.1

With the DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1, 15 light scenes can be established and with the DG/S 8.1, 16 light
scenes can be established with all 128 lamps from just two channels of the module.
Both modules can implement both 1-bit as well as 8-bit light scenes. DG/S 1.16.1, DLR/S 8.16.1M,
DLR/A 8.4.1.1 and DGN/S 1.16.1 offer 14 light scenes.

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Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1

The Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1 with the application Times/Quantities can provide a type of light manage-
ment. It is possible to program a fixed scene using the quantities of the application. The end customers
can simply adjust the value if required using the additional software PZM2. For this purpose, only a PC is
required as the changes are not made on the push buttons locally, as is the case with classical compo-
nents.
Using the Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1 from ABB, 30 light scenes with up to 300 linked functions can be
implemented.

The Application Unit ABZ/S 2.1 is particularly suitable for the implementation of special cases
because of the number of possible linked functions and the implementation of light scenes, e.g.
comprehensive scenes with many assigned lamps which do not need to be adjusted anymore dur-
ing operation.

Fig. 90: Principle of the light scene with the ABZ/S 2.1

Twenty dimmable lamps are installed in an event hall. These are controlled via a 1 bit light scene.
For this purpose 20 telegrams must be sent on the bus. There is a significant delay involved in
recalling the scene which is not always acceptable. On Busch-triton® push buttons, an additional
delay time between sending the individual telegrams can be set in the parameters.

The brightness values and the operating states are sent centrally from the respective compo-
nent on the bus. As the ABB i-bus® KNX transmits serially, the telegrams are sent and received
consecutively. If many lamps are assigned to the scene, the recall of the scene leads to “running
light”, not all the lamps are switched and dimmed simultaneously.

If an 8 bit light scene is used, this phenomena will not occur.

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5.2. Panic alarms

Using ABB i-bus® KNX it is simple to switch different loads (circuits) centrally from one or more locations,
e.g. lighting ON/OFF, defined brightness values and horn, see chapter 2 Circuit design.
For reasons of simplicity the use of these functionalities is useful for special applications as well. A very
useful application of these functions is the so-called panic alarm.
In classic security technology in the field of intrusion alarm systems, the function is known as an emer-
gency button. This classical push button can exclusively implement normal alarm functions, e.g. activate
sirens or silent alarms via telephone. It is a special button which is covered by a protective film. The optical
appearance of this push button is often not accepted.

Fig. 91: Emergency button

With ABB i-bus® KNX the function of the classical emergency button can be replaced and extended signifi-
cantly which enhances the feeling of safety for the end customer. The individual functions are available as
an “add on” without additional hardware and the programming effort required is clear.

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1. The lighting of a dwelling is controlled with the ABB i-bus® KNX. A push button has been in-
stalled in the bedroom which switches on the entire internal and external lighting of the house
when the button is pressed. If the residents of the dwelling fear that an unwanted person is in
or near the house, the entire house and its surrounds can be lit up at the touch of a button. This
will usually frighten away unwanted individuals.
2. In a public building which is open to the public, e.g. tax authorities, unemployment offices or
court buildings, a push button is installed underneath the desks which can be actuated in case
of danger, e.g. it alerts the security personnel and reception area receives a message. Further-
more, a message is sent automatically to the mobile telephone of a selected person via the
telephone gateway.
3. An industrial plant has been equipped at selected locations with push buttons which fully switch
on the lighting in selected areas. In dangerous situations, e.g. before the arrival of the fire
brigade in the event of a fire, the entire lighting should be switched on via mobile telephone re-
gardless of the absence of persons. In order to reduce peak loads (peak inrush currents) in the
power supply, only a certain number of lamps should be switched on together simultaneously at
one time using a time delay, see chapter 4.1.3

The panic alarm can be extended as required:

– The shutters in a dwelling will open additionally so that the bright illuminated building and the intruder
are visible from outside.
– A music system is also switched on in order to provide an additional acoustic deterrent.
If there is an intelligent link to the AV system (audio/video), an additional increase in the volume can be
activated.
– An internal siren is activated.
– The lighting of the building starts to flash.
– A silent alarm is triggered via the telephone gateway.

The most important feature of a panic alarm is to ensure that it can be triggered as easily as pos-
sible. A panic alarm which cannot be triggered in an emergency due to bad planning is of no use
to anyone. For this reason a panic alarm should be available at different locations if necessary. It
must be simple to operate and very importantly, it must also be protected against unintended use.
This is particularly important if the panic alarm triggers a siren or alerts security personnel.
A panic alarm can be implemented using different ABB i-bus® KNX devices:
– ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons
– Logic Module LM/S 1.1
– Application Unit ABL/S 2.1
– Universal Interface US/U x.2 or Binary Input BE/S x.x

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5.2.1. ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons

There are two programming possibilities to implement a panic alarm with ABB i-bus® KNX push buttons:
1. An
 ABB i-bus® KNX push button is programmed so that both sides of the rocker trigger the required
function. The labelling field of the push button is marked in colour, e.g. red background. This reduces
the danger of unintentional operation.
2. An ABB i-bus® KNX push button is programmed as a shutter push button. Here the communication
object UP/DOWN is used to activate the function with a long button push. With the Busch-triton® push
button it is also possible to program the function Long push to up to 2.1 seconds, the standard is 0.5
seconds. This setting almost eliminates an unintended actuation.

Normally one side of the rocker will send a logical 1 for shutter DOWN and the other sends a logi-
cal 0 for shutter UP. Accordingly, only one side of the rocker usually the logical 1 side can be used
for the function.

In order to achieve that both sides of the rocker send a logical 0, an OR gate with an inverted and
non inverted input is used. Both inputs receive the same group address from the push button.

5.2.2. Solution with Logic Module LM/S 1.1

The function logic gate in LM/S 1.1 should be choosen.The same group addresses are assigned at input 1
and input 2.

Fig. 92: Logic input on the LM/S 1.1

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Fig. 93: Logik output of the LM/S 1.1

The output must send with every assignment of an object value as only value 1 is always sent.

5.2.3. Application Unit ABL/S 2.1

The solution is much simpler with graphical illustration of the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1.

Fig. 94: Solution with ABL/S 2.1

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A more complex solution is the use of two gates. This is interesting as soon as no logic gates are longer
available.

Fig. 95: Use of two gates

If group address 10/0/1 is sent with the value 0 it is inverted, and with the value 1 and the group address
10/0/2 it is sent on further. In the second function block the 10/01/1 is not sent further with the filter OFF
filter.
If the group address 10/0/1 has the value 1 it is inhibited in the first function block, in the second block the
value 1 is sent on further directly as 10/0/2.
Group address 10/0/2 is assigned to all actuators which belong to the panic alarm.
This ensures that only the value 1 is sent.

In Application Unit ABL/S 2.1 a gate with an unused control input is always enabled.

The outputs must be set as follows in order to implement Application Unit ABL/S 2.1:

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Fig. 96: Setting of the outputs

With the setting on each calculation you ensure that the group address 10/0/2 is always sent with the
value 1.
If the gates are all occupied in the Application Unit ABL/S 2.1, this functionality can also be implemented
with the timer.

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Fig. 97: Solution with timer

5.2.4. Universal Interface US/U x.2 or Binary Input BE/S

Both the Universal Interface US/U x.2 as well as the Binary Input BE/S x.x from ABB i-bus® KNX offer the
function actuation via long push. An additional time can be specified for the actuation of the button to be
pressed, before the panic alarm is triggered. This can avoid unintended actuation..

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Fig. 98: Solution with US/U x.2 or BE/S x.x

With this setting the operator must press the button for three seconds to send a telegram. An actuation
less than three seconds does not initiate an action.

Special solutions, e.g. pressing the button three times to initiate the function, is also possible with
these devices.

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5.3. Control with DALI

The lighting control and regulation offers many flexible possibilities. Dimming in particular in conjunction
with the following features is becoming more and more significant in lighting technology:
– Comfort
– Conservation of energy
– Protecting the luminaries
– Light scenes
– Constant lighting control
– High flexibility

The use of DALI normally means the use of the function dimming.
For this reason we have a brief overview of the different types of dimming from a technological point of
view.

Fig. 99: Overview of dimming systems

For further information see chapter 1.3. Function dimming.

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5.3.1. DALI structure

DALI offers all functions which are required in conjunction with a complete lighting control.
Fundamentally when DALI signals are used for control of DALI equipment (ballasts, transformers), they are
sent via a two-core control cable in order to switch the lights, to dim and to recall light scenes.
For the different types of luminaries there are suitable DALI devices available from different manufactures.
The great advantage of the DALI system is the standardization and the compatibility of the data protocol,
which it incorporates that is similar to the ABB i-bus® KNX system. Accordingly, the market partners can
be selected from a big range of products from different manufacturers.The DALI features are shown in the
DIN IEC 60929 standard.
Features of the DALI to DIN IEC 60929
– DALI was defined by the leading manufacturers of lighting technology in 1999 as the Interface Standard
for the control of technical lighting equipment.
– It is a protocol for digital communication between components of lighting equipment.
– Each lamp can be addressed individually (individual addressing).
– Telegrams for 64 devices, 16 groups (group addressing) and 16 light scenes are possible.
– Technical lighting values transferred are: Brightness value, dimming speed and error feedback.
– DALI can operate together with bus systems for intelligent installation systems as it is a subsystem.
DALI is not a bus system for intelligent installations.
– DALI features a two-core control cable.
– The structure used for cable laying can be selected as required, e.g. tree structure.
– A DALI signal cable is polarity free.
– Laying is possible together with the supply voltage in a five-core cable.
– The signal inputs are mains voltage proof.
– Direct status feedback, e.g. lamp ON/OFF, current brightness value, lamp error, operating device error.
– With a recall of individual scenes all DALI ballasts simultaneously reach their dimming value.
– The dimming range which depends on the ballasts used ranges from 0.1 to 100 %.
– The logarithmic dimming curve is analogue to the sensitivity of the eye.
– Dimming and switching occur via the control line without additional switching relays, i.e. electronically
switched in DALI equipment.
– Switch on and off of the lighting is silent.
– The system can be operated with emergency power, i.e. operation with DC is possible.
– It is a universal system for control (dimming) of LED’s or coloured light.

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DALI operating devices are permanently connected to the voltage supply and are subject to
standby losses. Current DALI devices permit a value of only 200–250 mW.

Fig. 100: Overview of a DALI system (stand-alone without gateway to another system)

The DALI PS (Power Supply), the GC (Group Controller) and SC (Scene controller) are only necessary
with the stand-alone solution. These components are not required with a connection to the ABB i-bus®
KNX.
Every DALI device is generally addressed to ensure that they can be operated individually. Addressing is
implemented using software or via multiple actuation or long actuation of the push button. The addressing
is significantly easier when DALI is integrated into ABB i-bus® KNX.

For further information see Documentation of the manufacturer or www.dali-ag.org.

It can be assumed that DALI will supersede analogue 1-10 V technology in the medium to long term.

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Here is a comparison of both systems:

1...10 V DALI
• Potential free control input • Potential free control input
• Two-wire cable • Two-wire cable, insensitive to interference
• Can be controlled via bus systems • Can be controlled via bus systems ABB i-bus® KNX etc.
ABB i-bus® KNX etc.
•D
 imming range 1…100 %, • Dimming range 1…100 %, Logarithmic characteristic
Linear characteristic
• No feedbacks • Individual feedbacks
• No addresses • Group, individual and broadcast address
• Scene memory
• Programmable dimming times
• Integrated ON/OFF switch

Alongside demanding lighting technology applications, DALI is also used a great deal in a range of com-
mercial buildings such as offices and schools and in recent years has contributed some very positive
developments worldwide. Naturally, when calculating a project that involves lighting control and fluorescent
lamps, the cost of ballasts must be taken into account.
E.g. if dimmable lighting with gas discharge lamps is intended, the price difference between a required
1-10 V ballast and a respective DALI-EVG is only minimal if not the same. This also depends on the region
and country.
In the meantime there are ballasts with 1-10 V interfaces and DALI connection combined in one device.
The following aspects will further promote market penetration of the DALI:
– Standardisation of the DALI technology
– Higher demands placed on lighting control
– Price reduction of the DALI equipment
– Use of LED technology / coloured light  solution with DALI
– Interfaces to other systems
As DALI is exclusively for lighting technology with a maximum of 64 devices, the interface to ABB i-bus®
KNX with its range of further functions is necessary. The objective is to realise the best of both worlds in
one system.
This is the task of our DALI gateways:
– DALI Gateway 8-fold
– DALI gateways 1-fold (some with constant light control and emergency lighting function)

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5.3.2. DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1

Features of the DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX:
– Modular DIN Rail device
– 8 Channels (DALI outputs)
– Max. 128 DALI device, 16 per channel
– Integrated DALI power supply
– Channel test, ABB i-bus® KNX independent
– Display of DALI fault
– Operating voltage display
– No DALI addressing

Fig. 101: DG/S 8.1

The DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX has eight independent DALI outputs to which
16 DALI devices can be connected. Here up to 16 lamps can be simultaneously switched and dimmed.
Feedback signals can only be sent on a channel basis and differentiation between individual lamps on a
channel is not intended. Additional DALI addressing is not necessary. All settings are undertaken on the
DG/S 8.1 application in the ETS.
The handling of the device is comparable with an 8-fold ABB i-bus® KNX dimming actuator. The planners
or installers of the lighting control do not need to be concerned further with DALI apart from selecting the
equipment suitable for the lamps. The conversion from 1-10 V technology is particularly easy with these
components.

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Fig. 102: Integration in ABB i-bus® KNX

Fig. 103: Connection diagramm DG/S 8.1

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The DALI devices are connected on the one hand to the DALI cable and on the other hand with the 230 V
mains. Different phases can also be used within a channel. The lamps are also connected to the DALI
devices equipment, not shown in Fig. 102.

The DALI control cable and mains cable can also be parallel cores in a normal cable,
e.g. 5 x 1.5 mm2. There is no negative influence on the control signal unlike the 1-10 V control.
This is an advantage of digital technology.

With the DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1 it is not necessary to undertake DALI commissioning or
addressing. The assignment is implemented by cabling analogue to 1-10 V technology.

5.3.3. DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.1

MFeatures of the DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX:
– Modular installation device
– 4 space units, ABB i-bus® KNX
– 2 channels (DALI outputs)
– Max. 128 DALI device, 64 per channel
– Integrated DALI power supply
– Channel test, ABB i-bus® KNX independent
– Display of DALI fault
– Operating voltage display
– Individual addressing of the DALI slaves

Fig. 104: DG/S 1.1

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The DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX has two independent channels, to which up to
64 DALI devices can be connected to each. They can be switched together and dimmed (broadcast mode)
but can also be addressed and operated individually.
This is the decisive difference from the DALI Gateway 8-fold DG/S 8.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX, with which
the individual lamps in the channels cannot be separately controlled.
This is possible via DALI addressing, i.e. every device receives a DALI address.
The configuration tool DG/S 1.1 Tool is available for this purpose. This tool enables very simple and quick
addressing.

Fig. 105: DG/S 1.1 Tool

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Fig. 106: DG/S 1.1 with connected lamps

Channel A
Channel A is the main channel and has separate communication objects for every device in ETS for the
three standard functions ON/OFF, dimming and brightness, i.e., separate switching and dimming via any
ABB i-bus® KNX sensors is easily possible.
Formation of groups and light scenes can be set in the ETS application, in the same way as the ABB i-bus®
KNX dimmers.

Channel B
Channel B is an additional channel. Each individual lamp can also be separately controlled, however only
using coding:
– Sending the number of the lamp in the channel via a 1 byte communication object.
– Sending the telegram with the respective function, e.g. ON or OFF.

Two telegrams must always be sent to undertake an action due to the coding. This can only generally be
implemented together with a visualisation system or an LCD panel and is therefore reserved for special
projects.

The background of this coding is the limited number of communication objects, max. 255, which are avail-
able for every device in the ETS.

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Fig. 107: Example of a solution with a visualisation system

The virtual buttons Light 1 to Light 8 are pre-select switches which send the number of the lamp as 1 byte
telegrams on the bus. The buttons ON/OFF/BRIGHT/DARK are the corresponding function buttons.

On channel B, broadcast mode (central function) is also accessible via its own communication
objects and can therefore be used at any time, e.g. for rooms in which several lamps should be
switched and dimmed together such as in factory halls, staircases and hallways. In practice, this is
how channel B is generally used.

With the DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1, two sets of 64 DALI devices can be individually addressed,
they are individually controllable in the main channel as well as in the additional channel (in
broadcast). Every channel has a control cable for up to 64 devices. As a result the DALI Gateway
DG/S 1.1 from ABB i-bus KNX® offers a high-level of flexibility with modifications to the building or
a change in its use.

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5.3.4. DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.16.1

Features of the DALI Gateway 1-fold DG/S 1.16.1 from ABB i-bus® KNX:
– Modular installation device
– 4 space units, ABB i-bus® KNX
– 1 channel (DALI outputs)
– Max. 64 DALI devices
– Max. 16 groups can be parameterised
– Integrated DALI power supply
– Channel test, KNX independent
– Display of DALI fault
– Operating voltage display
– Individual addressing of the DALI devices

Fig. 108: DG/S 1.16.1

With the DG/S 1.16.1, the individually addressed devices are assigned to up to 16 groups. A group can
consist of 1 – 64 slaves, whereby the broadcast mode can be utilized to communicate with all available
devices.
Overlapping groups are possible, i.e. a lamp can be a member of different groups. The groups are created
using an extended configuration tool; the term DALI grouping is used.

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Fig. 109: DG/S 1.16.1 with connected lamps

At first glance, this device seems to have a limitation compared to the DG/S 1.1, as only a maximum of
16 groups are possible with the DG/S 1.16.1 compared to the free group assignment of the DGG/S 1.1.
The advantage with the DG/S 1.16.1 is the fact that the parameterisation effort is much less with ETS.
Also important is that only one DALI telegram is sent with the control of a group. Accordingly, all lamps are
controlled simultaneously and there is no delay for the function.
With the DG/S 1.1., the group assignment is implemented in the KNX via group addresses. If only a certain
number of lamps are to be controlled, the respective number of DALI telegrams have to be sent succes-
sively. Any status telegrams from the individual lamps are also sent serially.

If these delays cannot be accepted, the number of lamps in a DALI group with the DG/S 1.1
should be limited to seven units.

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5.3.5 DALI Emergency Lighting Gateway 1-fold DGN/S 1.16.1

This gateway is equivalent to the DG/S 1.16.1 but has an expanded application for emergency lighting with
self contained batteries. For more details, see the chapter on DALI in conjunction with emergency lighting
systems.

Fig. 110: DGN/S 1.16.1

5.3.6 DALI Light Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M

The basic function of this device is the same as that of the DG/S 1.16.1, i.e. up to 16 lighting groups from
64 individually addressable DALI devices. Up to eight LF/U 2.1 Light Sensors can also be connected
directly to the device, allowing up to eight lighting groups to be implemented as constant light control. The
lighting control principle is identical to that of Light Controller/Switch/Dim Actuator LR/S x.16.1, see Chap-
ter 3.6.2. The device also has a comprehensive range of manual operation options. Using a keypad with
LEDs you can switch and dim individual groups, track DALI devices and with the help of the LEDs, detect
DALI faults and see whether systems are operating correctly.

Fig. 111: DLR/S 8.16.1M

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Fig. 112: Illustration of DLR/S 8.16.1M with lamps and light sensors connected

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5.3.7 DALI Light Controller DLR/A 4.8.1.1

The basic function of this device is the same as that of the DLR/S 8.16.1M. It allows up to eight lighting
groups from 64 individually addressable DALI devices to be switched and dimmed. Also, directly connect-
ing up to four LF/U 2.1 Light Sensors allows up to four lighting groups to be implemented as constant light
control. The device has to be flush-mounted in a suspended ceiling or under the flooring. However, it can-
not be manually operated.
This DALI light controller continues the successful concept of constant light control with DALI and KNX, of-
fering a highly cost-effective solution for decentralized installation. It is the ideal addition to Room Control-
ler RC/A x.2, which already covers all other room functions.
Using this device can reduce cabling work in comparison with an MDRC device.

Fig. 113: DLR/A 4.8.1.1

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Fig. 114: Illustration of DLR/A 4.8.1.1 with lamps and light sensors connected

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5.3.8. Conclusion
In principle, all DALI Gateways can be used for the integration of the ABB i-bus® KNX to DALI devices. The
following special device features are worth mentioning:

DALI Gateway DG/S 8.1

– No addressing and hence no DALI setup required
– For lighting circuits with many individual lamps that do not need to be reassigned later
– Uniform dimming in large groups

DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1

– For many lighting circuits with few lamps
– Highest level of flexibility
– Up to 128 lamps can be addressed

DALI Gateway DG/S 1.16.1

– Flexibility
– For large lighting groups, 16 groups in total
– Enhanced software functionality

DALI Gateway DGN/S 1.16.1

– Flexibility
– For large lighting groups, 16 groups in total
– Expanded software functionality for emergency lighting systems with individual batteries
(see Chapter 5.3.9.3)

DALI Light Controller DLR/S 8.16.1M

– Flexibility
– 16 groups in total
– 8 lighting circuits for constant light control

DALI Light Controller DLR/A 4.8.1.1

– Flexibility
– 8 groups in total
– 4 lighting circuits for constant light control
– Flush-mount device, also as expansion for Room Controller RC/A x.2

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5.3.9. Special features of DALI

Some settings and special functions are interesting and important when using DALI:
– Burn-in of fluorescent lamps
– DALI Switch Actuator DAS/S 2.16.1
– DALI in conjunction with emergency lighting systems
– Fault messages of the gateways
– Special functions of the gateways
– DALI USB interface module for analyzing DALI telegrams

5.3.9.1. Burn-in of fluorescent lamps

The gas discharge lamps connected to the DALI device, usually fluorescent lamps, should be dimmed.
If this is undertaken at the start of the operating cycle the following unpleasant effects usually result:
– The overall life time of the lamps is reduced considerably.
– The brightness behaviour of the lamps becomes worse.
– The full brightness level is no longer reached.
These effects can be prevented by operating the lamps at the start of their service life at 100 % brightness
for about 50 hours (T8 fluorescent lamps with 26 mm diameter) or about 100 hours (T5 fluorescent lamps
with 16 mm diameter). During this time the lamps should not be dimmed for any reason and, if possible,
not switched off. Further details of the burn-in process can be found in the technical data of the manufac-
turer of dimmable ballasts.

If the burn-in process is to be automated or simplified, the parameters of the DALI gateway from
ABB can be set with the respective duration. The burn-in mode is started via a separate commu-
nication object. During this time the light can only be switched with 100 % brightness. Dimming is
deactivated. After the time has elapsed, dimming is automatically enabled.

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5.3.9.2. DALI Switch Actuator DAS/S 2.16.1

The DALI Switch Actuator DAS/S 2.16.1 from ABB is a very exceptional little device. It executes switching
functions:
– DALI Switch Actuator, 2-fold, 16 A.
– Two floating contacts, suitable for capacitive loads with high inrush currents.
– Relays can also be actuated manually.
– The control is implemented via the DALI control signal.
– Both channels operate as two independent DALI devices.

A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

µ µ L N D1 D2

Us DALI

DSA/S 2.16.1
A B
0 0

I I Un = 250 / 440 V~
In = 16 / 10 AX
C-Load, cos ϕ = 0.6
Us = 85 … 265 V~

Fig. 115: DSA/S 2.16.1

If the DALI Switch Actuator DAS/S 2.16.1 is integrated into an ABB i-bus® KNX system, the circuits can
only be switched via the DALI gateway with this actuator. A typical project for this device would be a light-
ing control in which DALI should be used due to its special features, but where not all lights need to be
dimmed.

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5.3.9.3. DALI in conjunction with emergency lighting systems

Up to now emergency lighting systems were designed as an independent system with separate lamps.

This conventional solution requires a lot of effort and higher costs.

Additional emergency lighting is also unwanted as it is not aesthetically pleasing.

If ABB i-bus® KNX and/or DALI is installed in a building, it is possible to use selected lamps from the gen-
eral lighting as emergency lighting.

The installation effort is reduced leading to a saving in cost.

Prerequisites for realisation are:
– The ballast can be operated with DC voltage.
– The brightness level for the dimmable ballast is adjustable.

About emergency lighting systems

Emergency lighting is defined as lighting that switches on in the event that the overall lighting in the build-
ing fails.
The objective, in relevant buildings, is to ensure that it is safe to operate and remain there, that people can
leave safely, or that a potentially (in a power failure) hazardous workflow can be either stopped or contin-
ued.

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The following distinctions are made in the field of emergency lighting:

Emergency lighting

Safety lighting Standby lighting

Safety lighting
Safety lighting for Anti-panic lighting
for workplaces
emergency escape routes (DIN EN 1838)
with particular hazards

Fig. 116: Emergency lighting distinctions

– Emergency lighting: generic term

– Safety lighting
– Safety lighting for emergency escape routes: marking and lighting emergency escape routes
– Anti-panic lighting: lighting to prevent panic if lighting fails in a building with large numbers of people,
e.g. a sports stadium or concert hall
– Safety lighting for workplaces with special hazards: lighting for workplaces where darkness would
pose a risk, e.g. in laboratories or places with rotating machinery
– Standby lighting: if, for commercial reasons, it is necessary to keep, e.g., a chemical process running,
standby lighting provides the required light.

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The DALI and KNX solutions shown below are primarily concerned with safety lighting applications, mark-
ing emergency escape routes and preventing panic.
There are diverse national regulations governing emergency lighting systems. In Europe many of these
have already been harmonized. The requirement for emergency lighting also depends on the type and size
of building and varies from country to country. This brief introduction will not go into any further detail on
regulation. This is an issue that has to be considered at the project level.

Emergency lighting is usually powered by batteries. Distinctions are drawn between solutions using
– Individual batteries: the battery is installed locally in the light. This is often the case with LED lighting
– Group batteries:for the central supply of emergency lighting to an area of a building (e.g. one floor)
– Central batteries: for a central emergency lighting power supply covering the whole building

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Comparison between the most common solutions (individual and central batteries)

Self contained battery Central battery

+ –
Easy installation Higher installation costs
Maintenance-free battery Daily visual battery test
Greater reliability Less reliable
Subsequent expansion possible Subsequent expansion more complex
Highly suitable for small projects Uneconomical for small projects

– +
Shorter battery life expectancy Longer battery life expectancy
Higher maintenance expense Simple battery replacement possible
Emergency lamp required Standard lamps can be used
Typical solution for small projects Typical solution for large projects

As emergency lighting systems demand virtually 100 % availability it is important to monitor the system
and carry out regular checks. The following typical tests are required:
– Visual inspection of battery (central battery)
– Check emergency lighting functionality
– Switch over to emergency mode
– Log results

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As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, the goal is now to use DALI and KNX to put together a com-
plete solution for an overall lighting and emergency lighting system.

1. Central/group battery solution

An integrated solution for a central battery emergency lighting system can be implemented with KNX, DALI
and the various ABB DALI gateways.
The system has to handle the following tasks:
– Ballast and lamp monitoring, possible via KNX DALI gateway
– The gateway is connected to the standard power supply. If the power fails, the emergency lighting ele-
ment of the DC voltage supply (battery) switches to the ballast and DALI gateway. Both can be oper-
ated with DC voltage.
– If the mains power fails, the gateway switches the emergency lights to a defined brightness level which
can be set in ETS.
– A higher-level control system, display system or building management software carries out all the
required tests and documents them. Switching over to the emergency power supply also leaves the
system or emergency lighting element independent of KNX and DALI.

sorgung macht ebenfalls das System bzw. das Notlichtelement unabhängig von KNX und DALI.

Fig 117: Illustration of the principle of an emergency lighting system with a central battery, KNX, DALI
gateway and DALI

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2. Self contained battery solution

ABB’s DALI Gateway Emergency Lighting DGN/S 1.16.1 was developed for this application. It combines
the tried and tested formula of KNX and DALI and has the same hardware as the DG/S 1.16.1. The appli-
cation is significantly expanded and covers all the requirements for carrying out the necessary tests. In the
DALI system, a number of lights are planned as emergency lights as well as standard lighting. Integrated
components are favored here, including (LED) lamps, DALI emergency light converters and the individual
battery. Via DALI the DGN/S 1.16.1 can now communicate with the emergency light converters, activate
corresponding tests and send the test results to KNX for display and storage. Any lighting groups can be
formed from all of the connected lamps. The integrated system offers complete flexibility yet without any
restrictions as regards emergency functionality.
This solution is documented in standard EN 62386-202.
The illustrations below show the system:

Fig. 118: Illustration of DGN/S 1.16.1 in context (standard DALI operating device and DALI emergency
lighting converter with battery)

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Fig. 119: Illustration of a standard DALI ballast and DALI emergency lighting converter

There are various communication objects which can activate the emergency lighting tests and transfer the
test results.
Example: Communication object 31 (2 byte) starts the relevant emergency lighting test by transmitting
which DALI device and which test. Object 33 of DGN/S 1.16.1 returns the test result, in 4-byte format, on
KNX along with the address of the DALI device that has been tested.

Fig. 120: Illustration of communication for emergency lighting test

For more detailed information, refer to the DGN/S 1.16.1 product manual

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5.3.9.4. Error feedback

The feedback from lamp and ballast device errors is a standard function of DALI. This is undertaken in dif-
ferent ways depending on the DALI gateway.

DALI Gateway DG/S 8.1

The error feedback is sent as an accumulative signal for each channel, i.e. an individual message for every
lamp in the channel is not possible.

DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1

First of all an accumulative signal is also sent with the DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1 if a lamp or ballast in a
channel is defective. However, in this case an individual error signal is available due to the individual ad-
dressing, both in channel A and channel B. Due to the limit on available communication objects, it is also
necessary to operate with a code here.
– Send the number of the lamp in the channel via a 1 byte communication object.
– The DALI Gateway DG/S 1.1 indicates if the selected lamp exhibits a corresponding fault via a 1 bit
telegram to another communication object (separate for lamp or ballast).
From a practical point of view the realisation of the individual error messages is usually implemented via
a visualisation system or a panel. After the channel message is received the individual load devices are
switched manually one after another by the user. The corresponding message then appears at the defec-
tive devices.
Through separate software functionality the representation and processing of individual errors can be auto-
mated and represented for the user in a clear and transparent manner:
– After sending the channel error message by the DALI gateway, a logic is controlled that consecutively
sends the 1 byte communication object with the numbers of the lamps on the bus.
– If a message is sent via the communication object Error selected device, it must be shown in conjunc-
tion with the respective lamp number or stored.
Formation of a group would also be conceivable, i.e. only one message sent with the failure of a lamp in
the group or room.
This can be implemented with suitable visualization software, e.g. BCON, Eisbär or Voyager.

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Fig. 121: Example of a simple representation with visualisation

Fig. 122: Example of a representation using the Controlpanel

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Fig. 123: Example of a representation using the control panel

The selection is made via a slider (1-byte value), the display of the error via a push button (switch 1-bit)
with text ‘Yes’.

DALI Gateways DG/S 1.16.1, DGN/S 1.16.1, DLR/S 1.1M and DLR/A 4.8.1.1

These devices can send the status of each lighting group via KNX. Independently of this fact, it is also pos-
sible to read the fault status of every DALI device individually via KNX. Coded telegrams are available for
this purpose.
If there is a lamp fault or the DALI device fault, it is possible to decide in the parameters whether the re-
spective telegrams are sent as device-based or group-based telegrams.

There are three 1 byte communication objects available:

Fault group/device code: Via this communication object, the DG/S transfers the status of a fault of
– 
every lighting group or of each individual DALI device on the KNX.
Number of faults: Using this communication object, the number of groups or individual DALI devices
– 
are displayed which have at least one lamp or ballast fault. The value relates to the lighting group or the
individual DALI device in dependence on the group-orientated or device-based parameterisation.
Group number/device fault: With this communication object, the first lighting group or the first DALI
– 
device is displayed as a figure value. The value relates directly to the lighting group or the individual
DALI device in dependence on the group-orientated or devicebased parameterisation.
Along with the emergency lighting function, DALI Gateway DGN/S 1.16.1 offers additional status mes-
sages.

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5.3.9.5. Special functions of the DALI gateways

The DALI gateways from ABB i-bus® KNX offer two important special functions:
– Dynamic function (DG/S 1.1 and DG/S 8.1)
– Central function
– Sequence (DG/S 1.16.1 and DGN/S 1.16.1)

Dynamic function
The dynamic function allows the recall of a lighting sequence.

Fig. 124: Lighting sequence

All values, such as start, hold and switch off values as well as the times can be adjusted in the
parameters.

1. Dynamic function with staircase lighting function: The dimming time is short, e.g. one second.
The holding time is the staircase lighting time, e.g. five minutes, and after it has elapsed the
lighting slowly dims down to a minimum value. The staircase lighting time is started again by
re-pressing the respective push button.

For further information see Manual DALI Gateway DG/S 8.1 or DG/S 1.1.

2. Effect lighting: In a shop window, exhibition areas, etc. effect lighting is realised by repeated
start of the dynamic process.

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Central function
As a central function, the broadcast mode with the DALI Gateways are available as independent communi-
cation objects for ON/OFF, dimming and brightness value.

1. A central function is used to switch on panic alarm lighting. The switch on brightness is defined
at 100 % (otherwise just 80 %). The dimming time is short to ensure that the brightness level is
quickly achieved.
2. In a Restaurant the lighting should dim up very slowly as it turns to dusk, so that the transition
from natural to artificial lighting is hardly noticed. The dimming time up to the switch on value is
set, for example, to an hour.

In addition to the simpler programming involved it must only be assigned to one group address;
the following separate parameters are available for the central function, e.g.:
– Dimming limits
– Dimming time
– Switch on brightness

Sequence (DG/S 1.16.1 and DGN/S 1.16.1)

Up to 10 scenes can be recalled successively with a sequence. Up to 255 repetitions or an endless loop
can be programmed; transition and scene runtimes can be individually set.
In this way it is possible to program running lights or lighting effects without additional logic or timer mod-
ules with the DG/S 1.16.1.

Medical or wellness light therapy: Lamps with different colors are dimmed up and down and the
colors cross-fade.

Fig. 125: Colored light sequence

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5.3.9.6. DALI USB interface module for analyzing DALI telegrams

Both ETS and the DALI software for addressing and grouping DALI devices offer several options for ana-
lyzing and evaluating DALI/KNX systems. However, in certain situations it can prove necessary to monitor
DALI communication in more detail.
This requires a communication interface to the DALI control line, available as a DALI-USB interface.

Fig. 126: Illustration of DALI-USB interface

DALI Master Configurator freeware is available under “Software” at http://www.tridonic.com/com/en/soft-

ware.asp. The software includes DALI Monitor, which logs and analyzes DALI telegrams.
The screenshots below show a log of various situations. All DALI devices are queried consecutively and
their corresponding states displayed.

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Fig. 127: Illustration of cyclical device query; device No. 14 has a lamp fault

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Fig. 128: Switch-on via KNX push button; DALI group 1 is rising to 100 % brightness

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5.3.10. DSI (Digital Serial Interface)

DSI is also a digital interface in lighting technology for control of DSI ballast devices. It is however a
company-specific solution and not a standard like DALI. The functionality is limited compared to DALI,
e.g. there is no error feedback.

DSI will loose significance due to the presence of DALI on the market.

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Checklist

Lighting control
Building:
Floor:
Room:
Smallest common controlled unit No.
Function:

Planned Lamps:
❏ Incandescent bulbs
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ LV-Halogen
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ Electronic Transformer
❏ Conventional Transformer
❏ HV-Halogen
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ LED
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ Nominal Voltage
❏ 0...10 V-Interface (Standard)
❏ Active 0...10 V Signal (via Analogue Input AE/S 4.2 or AE/A 2.1)
❏ DSI-Interface
❏ DALI-Interface
❏
❏ Fluorescent lamps with ballast
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ 0...10 V interface (Standard)
❏ Active 0...10 V Signal (via Analogue Input AE/S 4.2 or AE/A 2.1)
❏ DSI-Interface
❏ DALI-Interface
❏

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❏ Lamps with DALI ballasts

❏ Lamp type
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ Number of groups
❏ Lamp fault feedback
❏ Ballast fault feedback
❏ Dynamic function
❏ Sequence function
❏ Emergency lighting
❏ Vapour Lamps
❏ Number
❏ Power
❏ Other Type of Lamps
❏ Number
❏ Power

Lamps are
❏ Switched
❏ Dimmed
❏ Constant light control

Local manual operation

❏ Conventional push button/switch with universal interface
❏ Switch: ON/OFF
❏ Push button: TOGGLE
❏ Push button: Short – TOGGLE / long – dimming BRIGHTER/DARKER
❏ 2 push buttons: short – ON / long – dimming BRIGHTER
short – OFF / long – dimming DARKER
❏ Push button: short TOGGLE with multiple operation for other functions
❏ Push button: short – TOGGLE / long – other functionn
❏ Push button: Additional function:
❏ Status feedback via LED
❏ Orientation light

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❏ ABB i-bus® KNX push button

Supplier:
Design:
One function per rocker
Two functions per rocker
❏ ON/OFF
❏ TOGGLE
❏ Short – TOGGLE / long – dimming BRIGHTER/DARKER
❏ Short – ON / long – dimming BRIGHTER
Short – OFF / long – dimming DARKER
❏ Additional functions:
❏ Status feedback via LED
❏ Orientation light
❏ Number of assigned push buttons
❏ Location

Superior manual operation

❏ Central switching
❏ Central ON (e.g. Panic button)
❏ Central OFF
❏ Central ON/OFF
❏ Superior switching in groups
Number of groups
Function

Local Automatic Control

❏ Motion detector
❏ Number
❏ Location of mounting
❏ Switch ON if movement, then not OFF
❏ Switch ON if movement at least for ______s, then OFF
❏ Presence detector
❏ Number
❏ Location of mounting
❏ Switch ON if presence at least for ______s, then OFF
❏ Locally controlled by any other event
❏
❏

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Contact
ABB STOTZ-KONTAKT GmbH
Eppelheimer Straße 82
69123 Heidelberg, Germany
Phone: +49 (0)6221 701 607
Fax: +49 (0)6221 701 724
E-Mail: knx.marketing@de.abb.com
Further Information and Local Contacts:
www.abb.com/knx
Note:
Order Number CDC 500 051 M0203 (06/14)
We reserve the right to make technical changes or
modify the contents of this document without prior
notice. With regard to purchase orders, the agreed
particulars shall prevail.
ABB AG does not accept any responsibility
whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of
information in this document.
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
subject matter and illustrations contained
therein. Any reproduction, disclosure to third parties
or utilization of its contents - in whole
or in parts - is forbidden without prior written
consent of ABB AG.
Copyright© 2014 ABB
All rights reserved