Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Certified to be the bona fide work is done by Master priya rauth of class
12 in the Physics Lab during the year 2017-18.
Date: ___________
Examiner
Acknowledgement
1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Apparatus and Material Required
4. Theory
5. Procedure
6. Observations
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
AIM:
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a hollow prism.
Introduction:
Kendriya vidyalaya no 2 vasco Page 4 of 16
2017-18
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished
surfaces that refract light. The exact angles between the surfaces depend on
the application. The traditional geometrical shape is that of a triangular
prism with a triangular base and rectangular sides, and in colloquial use
"prism" usually refers to this type. Some types of optical prism are not in
fact in the shape of geometric prisms.
Before Isaac Newton, it was believed that white light was colorless, and that
the prism itself produced the color. Newton's experiments demonstrated
that all the colors already existed in the light in a heterogeneous fashion,
and that "corpuscles" (particles) of light were fanned out because particles
with different colors traveled with different speeds through the prism. It
was only later that Young and Fresnel combined Newton's particle theory
with Huygens' wave theory to show that color is the visible manifestation of
light's wavelength. Newton arrived at his conclusion by passing the red
color from one prism through a second prism and found the color
unchanged. From this, he concluded that the colors must already
be present in the incoming light thus, the prism did not create colors, but
merely separated colors that are already there. He also used a lens and a
second prism to recompose the spectrum back into white light. This
experiment has become a classic example of the methodology introduced
during the scientific revolution. The results of this experiment dramatically
transformed the field of metaphysics, leading to John Locke's primary vs
secondary quality distinction. Newton discussed prism dispersion in great
detail in his book Opticks. He also introduced the use of more than one
prism to control dispersion. Newton's description of his experiments on
prism dispersion was qualitative, and is quite readable. A quantitative were
introduced in the 1980s.
a = angle of prism
i = angle if incidence
r = angle of refraction
1. Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with the help of
drawing pins.
2. Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
3. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
4. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and
outline ABC.
6. Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins
1. Spirit
S. No. a (Angle of Prism) i (Angle of Incidence) d (Angle of Deviation)
1 60 35o 29o
2 60 40o 26o
3 60 45o 25o
4 60 50o 27o
5 60 55o 28o
2. Glycerin
S. No. a (Angle of Prism) i (Angle of Incidence) d (Angle of Deviation)
1 60 35o 39o
2 60 40o 38o
3 60 45o 35o
4 60 50o 40 o
5 60 55o 41o
3. NaCl Solution
S. No. a (Angle of Prism) i (Angle of Incidence) d (Angle of Deviation)
1 60 35o 40o
2 60 40o 39o
3 60 45o 41o
4 60 50o 42 o
4. Vegetable Oil
S. No. a (Angle of Prism) i (Angle of Incidence) d (Angle of Deviation)
1 60 35 37
2 60 40 34
3 60 45 34
4 60 50 32
5 60 55 35
1. Diesel
Actual : 1.4745
Experimental : 1.4968
3. NaCl Solution
Actual : Not Specified
Experimental : 1.3588
4. Vegetable Oil
Actual : 1.47
Experimental : 1.4673
Bibliography:
www.icbse.com
www.sciencebuddies.com
www.technopedia.com
www.wikipedia.com
NCERT Physics Book
Formula Applied:-
2. Spirit
Sin (60+25 )
=
2
= Sin(42.5)
----------------------- -------------------
Sin(60/2) Sin 30
= 0.6756 = 1.35
0.5000
3. Glycerin
Sin (60+35 )
=
2
= Sin(47.5)
------------------------- -------------------
Sin(60/2) Sin 30
= 0.7372 = 1.47
---------
0.5
Sin (60+39 )
= 2
= Sin(49.5)
----------------------- -------------------
Sin(60/2) Sin 30
= 1.52
RESULT
i. Water = 1.33
ii. Spirit = 1.35
iii. Glycerine = 1.47
iv Benzene = 1.52