ISSN 1648-9098
Ekonomika ir vadyba: aktualijos ir perspektyvos. 2007. 1 (8). 212–215
7285,60,1)5$6758&785($6$'(7(50,1$172)5(*,21$/
'(9(/230(17
$OHNVDQGHU3DQDVLXN
8QLYHUVLW\RI6]F]HFLQ
7RXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
7RXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LV D FRPSRQHQW RI
UHJLRQDOWRXULVWLFSURGXFW,QIUDVWUXFWXUHLVFRPSULVHG
of basic devices, buildings and service institutions,
ZKRVHH[LVWHQFHLVFUXFLDOWRWKHSURSHURSHUDWLQJRI
HFRQRP\DQGVRFLHW\,QIUDVWUXFWXUHLVGLYLGHGLQWR HOHPHQWVDUHGHGLFDWHGWRRWKHUVRFLRHFRQRPLFQHHGV
x technical, including basic devices used in
WUDQVSRUWFRPPXQLFDWLRQJDVKHDWSRZHU
DQGURDGLQGXVWU\HWF
x social, including devices and institutions
FRQQHFWHGZLWKHGXFDWLRQFXOWXUHVFLHQFH
KHDOWKSK\VLFDOFXOWXUHDQGWRXULVPSXEOLF
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ>@>*DZRUHFNL@
7RXULVWLF YLUWXHV IRUP WKH EDVLV IRU DWWUDFWLQJ
WRXULVWVWKH\DOVRJLYHGLUHFWLRQIRUWRXULVWPRYHPHQW
DQGIRUPLWVVSDWLRWHPSRUDOVWUXFWXUH1HYHUWKHOHVV
DFWLYLWLHV DLPLQJ DW SURWHFWLRQ DQG DGDSWDWLRQ RI
WRXULVWLF YLUWXHV DUH QHFHVVDU\ LQ RUGHU WKH WRXULVWLF
PRYHPHQW FRXOG DSSHDU ZKLOH FRPSOHPHQWDU\
WRXULVWLFJRRGVVHUYHIRUWKLVSXUSRVHDQGDUHGH¿QHG
DVWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH7RXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLVD
UDQJHRIGHYLFHVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVFRQVWLWXWLQJPDWHULDO
DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDO EDVLV IRU WRXULVP GHYHORSPHQW
,W FRPSULVHV IRXU EDVLF HOHPHQWV DFFRPPRGDWLRQ
IDFLOLWLHVIRRGDQGEHYHUDJHIDFLOLWLHVDFFRPSDQ\LQJ
IDFLOLWLHV DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ IDFLOLWLHV>@ >3DQDVLXN
$@
7RXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH RI UHJLRQ LQ JHQHUDO
FRPSULVHVIRXUHOHPHQWVDWWKHGHVWLQDWLRQRUUHODWHG
WRWKHGHVWLQDWLRQZKLFKHQDEOHWRXULVWVVWD\LQJDQG
using attractions, like:
x DFFRPPRGDWLRQIDFLOLWLHV±KRWHOVORGJHV
DSDUWPHQWVKRVWHOVFDPSLQJV
x JDVWURQRP\ IDFLOLWLHV± UHVWDXUDQWV EDUV
FDIHV
x transport at the destination,
x service in the range of active leisure – ski
UHVRUWVVDLOLQJVFKRROVJROIFOXEV
x UHWDLOQHWZRUN
x RWKHU VHUYLFHV LQIRUPDWLRQ HTXLSPHQW
x IURP WKH SRLQW RI YLHZ RI ¿QDQFLQJ LWV
FUHDWLRQMRLQWO\ZLWKLWVH[SORLWDWLRQUXOHV
,QFDVHZKHQWKHEDVLFIXQFWLRQRILQIUDVWUXFWXUH
HOHPHQWVLVWRXULVWPRYHPHQWVHUYLFLQJWKHHOHPHQWV
DUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH :KHQ WKH
ZKLFKDUHXVHGQRWRQO\E\WRXULVWVWKH\DUHLQFOXGHG
LQSDUDWRXULVWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWKHH[LVWHQFHRIZKLFKLV
GHSHQGHQWRQWRXULVPGHYHORSPHQW
Therefore, the structure of tourist infrastructure
FRQVLVWVRIIRXUHOHPHQWV
7\SLFDOO\WRXULVWLFLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
x DFFRPPRGDWLRQIDFLOLWLHV
x other facilities for arrivals servicing,
x WRXULVWLQIRUPDWLRQ
x trails,
3DUDWRXULVWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
x transportation facilities– roads and
transport points,
x ORFDOIDFLOLWLHVLQFOXGLQJFRPPXQDODQG
public transport,
x trade and service facilities, including
craft,
(OHPHQWV ZKLFK FDQQRW EH XQHTXLYRFDOO\
FODVVL¿HG WKHLU IXQFWLRQ DQG UHVXOWV VHUYLQJ WKH
SXUSRVHIRUZKLFKWKH\KDGEHHQEXLOW
x JDVWURQRP\
x DFFRPSDQ\LQJ IDFLOLWLHV VSRUW DQG
OHLVXUHFXOWXUHHQWHUWDLQPHQW
Modes of passenger transport of particular
WUDQVSRUWEUDQFKHVDUHHOHPHQWVZKLFKDUHKDUGWREH
XQHTXLYRFDOO\FODVVL¿HGEXWWKH\DUHWKHEDVLVDQGWKH\
LQÀXHQFHWKHWRXULVWUHJLRQVDQGVHUYLFHDFFHVVLELOLW\
)URPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWUDQVSRUWRSHUDWLQJVWUXFWXUH
DQGLWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHPRGHVRIWUDQVSRUWDUHWUHDWHG
as transport suprastructure.
,Q WRXULVP VHFWRU WKH SDVVHQJHU WUDQVSRUW
LV FUXFLDO PHDQV RI DFFHVV WR WKH UHJLRQ RI WRXULVWLF
SHUFHSWLRQ DQG PRYHPHQW 5HJXODU FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
VKRXOGEHWUHDWHGDVDQLPPDQHQWHOHPHQWRIDQRIIHU
UHQWDOFRPSDQLHV
UHIHUULQJWRWKHUHFHSWLRQUHJLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7RH[SODLQWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
ZLWKLQ ,UUHJXODU FRQYH\DQFHV DQG SULYDWH WUDQVSRUW
HQWLUHO\LWVKRXOGEHSUHVHQWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWZR
FDQQRWEHFODVVL¿HGLQWKHUDQJHRIWRXULVWLFUHJLRQ¶V
FULWHULDQDPHO\LQWZRDSSURDFKHV
IXQFWLRQ7KHUHIRUHIURPWKHWRXULVPHFRQRP\SRLQW
x generic,


RIYLHZPRGHVRIWUDQVSRUWVKRXOGEHWUHDWHGOLNHDQ RIVHUYLFLQJRFFXUVHJDFFRPPRGDWLRQVHUYLFHLQD
HOHPHQW VXSSOHPHQWLQJ WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ HQDEOLQJ WKH EUDQGKRWHOQHWZRUN+RZHYHUWKHWHUPVHHPVWREH
UHDOL]DWLRQRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQDFFHVVLELOLW\IXQFWLRQ XQVXLWDEOHIRUSXEOLFDQGPL[HGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHQDPHO\
7KHVHFRQG FULWHULRQRI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH RFFXUULQJ LQ WRXULVW UHJLRQV 7KH EUDQG FDWHJRU\ LV
FODVVL¿FDWLRQUHVXOWVIURPUHFRJQLWLRQRILWVPDQDJHUV WUHDWHGFROOHFWLYHO\DVDIXQFWLRQRIWRXULVPSURGXFW
ZKHUHWKHEDVLVLV¿QDQFLQJRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHFUHDWLRQ LQ VSDWLDO DSSURDFK 2QO\ WRXULVW SURGXFWV RI UHJLRQ
DQG WKH UXOHV RI LWV H[SORLWDWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH WKH FRXOGEHWRXULVWEUDQGVZKLOHXVLQJDSURSHUWRXULVP
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHLVFODVVL¿HGLQWR infrastructure.
 &RPPHUFLDO
x hotels, (QWLWLHVFUHDWLQJWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
x JDVWURQRP\ 7KH VWUXFWXUH RI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
x tourist arrivals servicing, XQHTXLYRFDOO\ SRLQWV WKH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI HQWLWLHV
 3XEOLF responsible for its creation.
x road, &RPPHUFLDOHQWLWLHVOLNHKRWHOVRUUHVWDXUDQWV
x FRPPXQDO FUHDWH DQG H[SORLW REMHFWV IRU VHUYLFLQJ WKHLU FOLHQWV
x trails, WRXULVWV3XEOLFHQWLWLHVVHOIJRYHUQPHQWXQLWVDQG
 0L[HGSXEOLFFRPPHUFLDO VWDWH HQWLWLHV GHYHORS WHFKQRVRFLDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
x LQIRUPDWLRQ QRWRQO\IRUWRXULVWVVHUYLFLQJEXWDOVRRUUDWKHU¿UVW
of all, for creation of the conditions for local regions
x DFFRPSDQ\LQJ
DQGUHJLRQVGHYHORSPHQWPLQGLQJVRFLHW\LQFOXGLQJ
7KHDERYHPHQWLRQHGFULWHULDRIFODVVL¿FDWLRQ
WRXULVWV DQG HFRQRP\ LQFOXGLQJ WRXULVP HFRQRP\
DOWRJHWKHUSUHVHQWWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
HQWLWLHV
7KHOLVWHGHOHPHQWVDUHSDUWVRIUHJLRQDOWRXULVWSURGXFW
Attention should be paid to the need or even
7KH\FUHDWHWRXULVWLFEUDQGDQGLQÀXHQFHWKHOHYHORI
QHFHVVLW\ RI FRRSHUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ FRPPHUFLDO DQG
UHJLRQDO HFRQRP\ GHYHORSPHQW ,Q SUDFWLFDO VWXGLHV
SXEOLF HQWLWLHV ,QYROYHPHQW RI FRPPHUFLDO HQWLWLHV
FRQQHFWHG ZLWK FUHDWLRQ RI SURJUDPV DQG VWUDWHJLHV
LQWDNLQJXSSXEOLF¿QDQFHGDFWLYLWLHVIRUFUHDWLRQRI
RI WRXULVP GHYHORSPHQW LQ 3RODQG HVSHFLDOO\ LQ
LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LV DOVR SRVVLEOH HJ WKURXJK SXEOLF
SDUWLFXODU UHJLRQV DQG ORFDO UHJLRQV WKH WHUP EUDQG
SULYDWHSDUWQHUVKLS>@>=\VQDUVNL-@
WRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHZDVLPSOHPHQWHG>@WKDQNVWR
7KXV LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR SD\ DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH
WKH 3ROLVK 7RXULVP 'HYHORSPHQW $JHQF\ 0LQGLQJ
VRXUFHVRI¿QDQFLQJWKHWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGWR
WKHSUHVHQWHGDSSURDFKHVFODVVLI\LQJWKHLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
WKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIWRXULVPHFRQRP\HQWLWLHVLQWKLV
HOHPHQWVWKLVWHUPFRXOGEHDSSURSULDWHIRUHOHPHQWV
¿QDQFLQJ¿JXUH
RI FRPPHUFLDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH ZKHUH WKH ¿QDO HIIHFW

(TXLW\FDSLWDO
&200(5&,$/
(17,7,(6
&RPPHUFLDO
LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
FUHGLWV
3XEOLFSULYDWH
SDUWQHUVKLS
*RYHUQPHQW
JUDQWVDQG
VXEVLGLHV 3XEOLFLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

38%/,&(17,7,(6
(8IXQGV

7RXULVWLFSURGXFWRI
UHJLRQ

)LJXUH(QWLWLHV¿QDQFLQJWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHGHYHORSPHQWDQGVRXUFHVRI¿QDQFLQJ

6RXUFHself-composed


 $FFRUGLQJO\ WR WKH ¿JXUH  ERWK FRPPHUFLDO 7RXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LQ UHJLRQ¶V
HQWLWLHVHQWUHSUHQHXUVDQGSXEOLFHQWLWLHVDUHLQYROYHG
LQ FUHDWLRQ DQG ¿QDQFLQJ WKH WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
0LQGLQJ UHDOL]DWLRQ RI WKHLU RZQ DVVLJQPHQWV DQG
PDUNHW DLPV WKH\ FUHDWH WKH HOHPHQWV RI WRXULVP
LQIUDVWUXFWXUH VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ KDYLQJ WKH SRVVLELOLW\
RIWDNLQJXSMRLQWYHQWXUHVWKURXJKWKHSXEOLFSULYDWH
SDUWQHUVKLS$FWLYLWLHVLQWKLV¿HOGDUHGLUHFWHGDWWKH
SXEOLFLQIUDVWUXFWXUHZKLFKVXSSRUWVWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRI
GHYHORSPHQW
Concluding previous considerations it should
EH VWDWHG WKDW WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LV DQ LQWHJUDO
FRPSRQHQW RI WRXULVWLF SURGXFW RI WKH UHJLRQ
7KH TXDOLW\ SDUDPHWHUV RI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
H[SUHVVLQJWKHPVHOYHVLQWHUDOLDLQVXLWDEOHWHFKQLFDO
VWDWHVXLWDEOHFDSDFLW\IRUWRXULVPPRYHPHQWVKRXOG
EHFRQVLGHUHGWRFUHDWHDSURSHUVWDQGDUGRIWRXULVP
FRPPHUFLDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHHJDFFHVVURDGVWRKRWHOV LQIUDVWUXFWXUH¿JXUH
RUFRFUHDWHWRXULVWIXQFWLRQRIWKHUHJLRQQDPHO\ORFDO )LJXUHGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHSRVLWLRQRIWRXULVP
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQWRXULVWFLWLHVSDYHPHQWVSURPHQDGHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUH FUHDWHG E\ FRPPHUFLDO DQG SXEOLF
SLHUV WRXULVW LQIRUPDWLRQ HWF0RUHRYHU WKH VHOI
JRYHUQPHQW XQLWV¶ UHVSRQVLELOLW\ LV FRRUGLQDWLRQ
RI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH FRPSRQHQWV FUHDWHG E\
particular entities.
treated as the means of forming the tourist region’s communicative
HQWLWLHV LQGHSHQGHQWO\ DV ZHOO DV LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ
FUHDWLQJ WKH UHJLRQDO WRXULVW SURGXFW DLPHG DW WDUJHW
PDUNHWQDPHO\WRXULVWV
availability


7285,67352'8&7

7RXULVWIDFLOLWLHVDQG 7RXULVWVHUYLFHV
GHYLFHV
&RPPHUFLDO
HQWLWLHV
SURYLGLQJ
VHUYLFHV
7RXULVWYLUWXHV x DFFRPPRGDWLRQV
x JDVWURQRP\
x WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ
x LQIRUPDWLRQ
7285,60,1)5$6758&785( x FXOWXUDO
x UHFUHDWLRQDO
x VSRUWLQJ
x WUDGLQJ
x ORFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

x +27(/6
x )22' %(9(5$*(
x 02'(62)75$163257 
x 75$'( 6(59,&(

&200(5&,$/

x 632576$1'5(&5($7,21
)$&,/,7,(6
38%/,& x &8/785$/)$&,/,7,(6
x ,1)250$7,21)$&,/,7,(6


x 75$163257$7,216<67(0
x 75$,/6
x &20081$/)$&,/,7,(6

x 6HOIJRYHUQPHQW
XQLWV
7285,676
x 6WDWH

)LJXUH7KHSRVLWLRQRIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWRXULVWSURGXFW
6RXUFHself-composed


 )LJXUH  SUHVHQWV WKH VHTXHQFH RI HOHPHQWV tourist and paratourist services, regional and local
LSVR IDFWR DFWLRQV GHFLVLYH IRU LQÀXHQFH RI WRXULVP VHOIJRYHUQPHQW XQLWV DQG LQKDELWDQWV DQG WKHUHIRUH
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHRQLQFRPHVRIHQWUHSUHQHXUVSURYLGLQJ RQUHJLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW


6HOIJRYHUQPHQW &RPPHUFLDO
HQWLWLHV

7RXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
7RXULVWV

5(*,21$/
7RXULVWLFSURGXFW ,QFRPH '(9(/230(17

(QWUHSUHQHXUV¶ 6HOIJRYHUQPHQWXQLWV¶ ,QKDELWDQWV¶

)LJXUH7RXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDVDGHWHUPLQDQWRIUHJLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW

6RXUFH self-composed

7KH SUHVHQWHG GUDZLQJ VXJJHVWV D VLJQL¿FDQW 5HIHUHQFHV

LQÀXHQFH RI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH RQ UHJLRQDO
GHYHORSPHQW7KRXJK LW VKRXOG EH UHPHPEHUHG WKDW  *DZRUHFNL : :  Turystyka :DUV]DZD
WKHWRXULVWPRYHPHQWLVQHFHVVDU\VRWKDWWKHHOHPHQWV PWE..
 3DQDVLXN $Ekonomika turystyki:DUV]DZD
RI LQIUDVWUXFWXUH FRXOG FUHDWH UHJLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW
:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH3:1
7KH KLJKHU WRXULVWV¶ LQWHUHVW LQ WRXULVW UHJLRQ WKH 3. Program rozwoju turystyki w województwie
KLJKHU LQFRPH IURP WRXULVP LQ UHJLRQDO HFRQRP\ zachodniopomorskim na lata 2003-2006 
7KHKHLJKWRIWKLVLQFRPHGHSHQGVRQLQWHUDOLDWKH 6]F]HFLQ
VWUXFWXUH RI WRXULVWLF PRYHPHQW GRPHVWLF IRUHLJQ  =\VQDUVNL-Partnerstwo publiczno – prywatne.
DYHUDJH OHQJWK RI VWD\ PRWLYHV RI DUULYDO HWF 7KH Teoria i praktyka*GDĔVN2'L'.
DQVZHU IRU WKH UDQJH RI FKDUDFWHULVWLFV GHWHUPLQLQJ
JDLQHG LQFRPH LV REYLRXVO\ D VWDWH VDWXUDWLRQ DQG
VWDQGDUGRIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

A Panasiuk

7RXULVP,QIUDVWUXFWXUHDVD'HWHUPLQDQWRI5HJLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW

6XPPDU\

7RXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LV D EDVLF FRPSRQHQW RI RIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUHZHUHFODVVL¿HGDQGLWVSRVLWLRQLQ

UHJLRQDOWRXULVWSURGXFW,WGHFLGHVWKHDPRXQWDQGVWUXFWXUH
RIWRXULVWPRYHPHQW7KHVWUXFWXUHRIWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
LV IRUPHG E\ SXEOLF HQWLWLHV DV ZHOO DV FRPPHUFLDO RQHV
7KH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW XQLWV¶ DVVLJQPHQW LV FRRUGLQDWLRQ
RI HPHUJHQFH RI FRPSRQHQWV RI WRXULVP LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
FUHDWHGE\SDUWLFXODUHQWLWLHV,QWKHDUWLFOHWKHFRPSRQHQWV
WKH VWUXFWXUH RI UHJLRQDO WRXULVW SURGXFW ZDV SRLQWHG RXW
%HVLGHVWKHWRXULVWPRYHPHQWDFWLYL]DWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLV
DGHWHUPLQDQWRIUHJLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW
.H\ ZRUGV (FRQRPLFV RI WRXULVP UHJLRQDO
GHYHORSPHQWWRXULVPLQIUDVWUXFWXUH