Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Course Outline
EEL 6935
• In vivo biomedical devices
Analog and Mixed-Signal Electronics for
Biomedical Applications
Fall 2010
Section: 7812
1
Class Material Class Material
• Required Textbooks
– Title: Medical Instrumentation Application and Design
• Journal/Conference References
– Author: John G. Webster – Journal of Solid State Circuits (JSSC), TVLSI, CAS-I
– Publication date and edition: 4th ed, John Wiley & Sons, 2010
– ISBN: 0471676004; ISBN-13: 9780471676003 and II
– ISSCC, VLSI Symposium, CICC, ISCAS
• Reference Textbooks
– Microelectronic Circuits, A.S. Sedra & K.C. Smith, 5th ed, Oxford University • Web Links
Press, 2004
– Analog Integrated Circuit Design, D. Johns, K. Martin, John Wiley & Sons – IEEE Explorer
– Low Noise Electronic System Design, C.D. Motchenbacher, J.A. Connelly, John
Wiley & Sons
– Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, “CMOS VLSI Design, A Circuits and Systems
Perspective,” 3rd Edition, Pearson, Addison-Wesley, 2005. ISBN 0-321-14901-7
2
Tentative Course Outline Tentative Course Outline
Topic Chapters
Topic Chapters
Digital Signal Processing Notes
Orientation Notes
Basic Sensors and Principles Ch 2 JG
Implantable Systems Notes
Notes
Opamp review
Portable Power Supplies and Circuits Notes
MOS review Ch 1, 2, 4, 7 S&S
Basic amplifiers review Wireless Power Transfer Notes
Noise Fundamentals Ch 1,2 M&C Energy Harvesters Notes
Feedback notes Wireless Data and Modulation Schemes Notes
Origin of Biopotentials Ch 4 JG Assembly and Packaging Notes
Physiological measurement variables Ch 1 JG Regulation of Medical Devices Ch. 1 JG
Biopotential Electrodes Ch 5 JG Notes
Biopotential Amplifiers and Analysis Notes Electrical Safety Ch 14 JG
High Impedance Techniques and interference Therapeutic and Assist Devices Ch 13 JG
Notes Notes
reduction
ADC Fundamentals Ch 11, 12, 13
J&M
3
Academic Honesty Lecture 1: Introduction
• All students admitted to the University of Florida have signed a
statement of academic honesty committing themselves to be • In vivo biomedical devices
honest in all academic work and understanding that failure to
comply with this commitment will result in disciplinary action.
4
Common medical measurands In vivo biomedical devices
• A major use of medical electronic instrumentation are non-
Measurement Range Frequency, Hz Method invasive devices used in diagnostic medicine
Blood flow 1 to 300 mL/s 0 to 20
Electromagnetic or – Sense physiological signals, process and display them
ultrasonic
• Another class of devices are invasive, such as implants, used
Blood pressure 0 to 400 mmHg 0 to 50 Cuff or strain gage
for therapeutic and/or prosthetic functions
Electrocardiography 0.5 to 4 mV 0.05 to 150 Skin electrodes
– Implanted devices are inserted into a surgically formed or natural body cavity
Electroencephalogra
5 to 300 V 0.5 to 150 Scalp electrodes and intended to remain there for > 30 days
phy
– However, some devices are ingested and perform monitoring functions
Electromyography 0.1 to 5 mV 0 to 10000 Needle electrodes
Electroretinography 0 to 900 V 0 to 50 Contact lens electrodes
• In this class we will mainly focus on in vivo devices, (devices
3 to 13 pH
that reside inside the body, chronically or for a limited amount
pH
units
0 to 1 pH electrode of time)
2 to 50 – In vivo devices generally place high demands on electronic components and
Respiratory rate 0.1 to 10 Impedance
breaths/min mixed-signal electronics
Temperature 32 to 40 °C 0 to 0.1 Thermistor – Some in-vivo devices are presented…
100mmHg=1.93psi=13.3kPa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
L. S. Y. Wong, et.al “A Very Low-Power CMOS Mixed-Signal IC for Implantable
Pacemaker Applications,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circ., Vol. 39, No. 12, pp. Given Imaging
2446- 2456, Dec. 2004.
5
Implantable Neuromuscular Stimulator Brain Computer Interfaces
• BION (Bionic Neuron) • Decode human intent from brain activity
• Injectable Neuromuscular
Stimulation – create an alternate communication channel (completely new output
• Re-animate paralyzed muscles pathway) for people with severe motor impairments
using electrical stimulations
• 32 BION in 20 patient clinical trials – messages and commands that act on the world
Neuromuscular stimulator,
G. Loeb, USC [Walpow, Clin Neurophysiol, 2002]
Skin Flap
SPEECH Transcutaneous Electrode - Neural
Power/Data Link IMPLANT Interface
PROCESSOR
W. Liu, P. Singh, C. DeMarco, R. Bashirullah, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland,
Semiconductor-based implantable Microsystems. CRC Press LLC, 2003. Peter Seligman, Cochlear Ltd
6
Passive Microsystems for Medication Compliance Basic Components of Implant Microsystem
• Passive microchip to
Clock
FSM TX RX
measure medication Sensing, processing and wireless telemetry
adherence Register Bank
Data loader
Power Interface
BMS
4.8 mm
µChip under protective 4 ADC, Bias Generators Actuators TX/RX
coating. Power and
4 x 8 Instrumentation
• RFID signaling for in- Amplifier Array TX 4 ADC + Bias bi-directional
body communications. 1mW (47%) 60μW (3%) data transmission
Wireless
3.2 mm
TX/RX
Bio-amplifiers
400µm
Microelectronics
Spike Low-power
detection Signal processor
400µm
EMBC 2008, Bashirullah
Wireless Analog/
Biological Interface
Interface µ-Controller Multiplexing/ – Low noise amplifiers, A/D converters, D/A converters, Stimulators
ADC • Signal Processing
Power
Interface Memory Sensor/ – Signal filtering, signal compression, localized feedback and
Amplifiers control, processing circuits for monitoring signals, collecting
Power Signal
therapy history and diagnostic files, and monitoring all subsystem
Management Processing
Actuators/ functions
Stimulators
• Power management
– Battery, types of batteries, battery chargers and monitors, voltage
Battery
regulators, switch-mode power supplies, wireless power transfer,
inductive links
Wireless- RF Digital Analog
7
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• Safety
Multi-channel Microsystem
– Biocompatibility, RF heating, component reliability, for neural recording,
A. Sodagar, U. Michigan
voltage stress, ESD protection, redundancy M2A endoscopy
capsule, Given Imaging Functionality &
• Assembly and micro packaging Performance
– Electrode leads, biological tissue interface,
biocompatability, hermeticity, chronic implantation,
mechanical stress Neural recording probe,
R. Bashirullah, UF Size Cochlear chip scale packaging,
P. Seligman, Cochlear Ltd