Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-ISAAC VIJAY
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Steam generator and vaccum pump are on the back side and so can not be seen. Berometric
Condensor and catchalls with 40ft. tower not shown.
Specifications of Edible Oil Refinery :
• Capacity 5 tons per day i.e. 4 batches of 1250 kg each
• All the main vessels i.e. two neutralizers, one bleacher and one deodorizer are properly arranged on the first
floor of the steel structure. So all these vessels are hanging on the steel structure. Just below the two
neutralizers, two soap pans are resting on the ground floor in which soap stock is collected. There is a steam pipe
arrangement in the soap pans also.
• Steel structure has size of 14ft. x 14ft. (i.e. 4.25mtr. x 4.25mtr). First floor is 9ft. above the ground level. There are
8 columns of double channel which supports the entire steel structure. It has proper staircase and railing on all
the sides of steel structure at the first floor and also on staircase. Two filter presses are also accommodated on
the first floor of the steel structure.
• Two oil tanks i.e. raw oil tank and bleached oil tank are accommodated under the structure on the ground floor.
Then cooler, thermic fluid boiler, two steam generators, vacuum pump, water pumps, oil pumps and refined oil
tank are arranged on the ground floor around the steel structure i.e. outside the square of 14ft. x 14ft. of the
steel structure. So total space occupied is about 30ft. × 30ft. (9mtr. x 9mtr.)
• 40ft. tower is erected just near the deodorizer and its complete structure is supported from the ground floor and
also it is attached with the refinery structure. Barometric condenser is arranged at 40ft. height to create proper
vacuum.
• All types of pipelines are interconnected as per the requirement of the refinery i.e.
oil pipelines (yellow color), vacuum pipelines (blue color), steam pipelines (black
color), water pipelines (white color), thermic fluid pipelines (red color). At all
appropriate places, proper valves are provided in the pipelines.
• Neutralizer is provided with thermic fluid coil for heating the oil.
• Bleacher is provided with double pipe coil. One is for thermic fluid and another is
for cooling water.
• Deodorizer is provided with double pipe coil i.e. in both the coils, thermic fluid is
circulated. Steam is ejected from the stainless nozzles provided on the steam pipe
cross supported at the bottom.
• Cooler is provided with double pipe coil. Both for cooling water.
• In every vessel temperature gauge is provided. Vacuum gauge is provided on
deodorizer, bleacher and cooler.
• Neutralizer is open on the top having conical bottom.
• Bleacher has dished ends on both the sides. Similarly deodorizer has dished ends on
both the sides. Cooler has also dished ends on both the sides.
Process Description of Edible Oil Refinery :
For refining the edible oil, there are three basic processes in the refinery.
• First process is neutralizing the oil in the neutralizer to remove the Free Fatty Acids
(FFA) by adding caustic soda.
• Oil is heated up to about 60°C by thermic fluid coils and oil is stirred by stirrer.
• Then soap stock formed due to chemical reaction is allowed to settle at the bottom of
the neutralizer from where it is taken out into soap pan.
• Neutralized oil is drawn into the second vessel called bleacher where color of oil is
removed by bleaching process with aid of chemicals such as carbon black and
bleaching earth. Oil is generally heated up to 110°C by thermic fluid coils. Stirring is
also continued. Bleaching process is done under vacuum.
Process Description of Edible Oil Refinery :
• Bleached oil then goes to the filter press where bleaching earth and
chemicals are separated and clean bleached oil is then drawn to deodorizer
where oil is heated above 110°C through thermic fluid coils and then live
steam is given to the oil from the bottom steam nozzles and temperature
of oil is raised up to 200 to 220°C through thermic fluid coils. Entire process
is done under high vacuum. Thus smell is removed from the oil in the
deodorizer. Then it goes to cooler where water circulating coils take away
heat and oil is cooled. Again it goes to second filter press where completely
refined and transparent color less oil is obtained.
• Bland flavor
• Odor
• Clear appearance
• Light color
• Stability to oxidation
• Suitability for frying.
REFINING
• The following precautionary measures are taken during refining in
order to avoid undesirable autoxidation and polymerization reactions:
1. Absence of oxygen
2. Avoidance of heavy metal contaminations
3. Maintaining the processing temperature as low and
duration as short as possible.
REFINING
• Refining process comprising the following steps:
1. Lecithin removal
2. Degumming
3. Free fatty acid removal
4. Bleaching
5. Deodorization
Removal of lecithin