SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 14

1. F = mg
F
Stress =
A
L
Strain =
L
FL L F
Y=  
AL L YA
2.  = stress = mg/A
e = strain = /Y
Compression L = eL
F L FL
3. y=  L 
A L AY
4. Lsteel = Lcu and Asteel = Acu
Stress of cu Fcu A g F
a)  = cu  1
Stress of st A cu Fg Fst
Lst FstL st A cu Ycu
b) Strain =   ( Lcu = Ist ; Acu = Ast)
lcu A st Yst FcuIcu
 L  F
5.   
 L st AYst
 L  F
  
 L cu AYcu
strain steel wire F AYcu Y
  ( A cu  A st )  cu
Strain om copper wire AYst F Yst
T1 m g  g
6. Stress in lower rod =  1  w = 14 kg
A1 A1
T2 m g  m1g  wg
Stress in upper rod =  2  w = .18 kg
Au Au
For same stress, the max load that can be put is 14 kg. If the load is increased the lower wire will break
first.
T1 m1g  g 8
 = 8  10  w = 14 kg
A1 A1
T2 m g  m1g  g 8
 2 = 8  10  0 = 2 kg
Au Au
The maximum load that can be put is 2 kg. Upper wire will break first if load is increased.
F L
7. Y
A L
F L YA L
8. Y  F
A L L
9. m2g – T = m2a …(1)
and T – F = m1a …(2)
m gF
a= 2
m1  m2

14.1
 Chapter-14
m2 g
From equation (1) and (2), we get
2(m1  m2 )
Again, T = F + m1a
m2 g m2 g m2 g  2m1m2g
 T  m1  2
2 2(m1  m2 ) 2(m1  m2 ) a
T
FL L F F m1
Now Y =   T a
A L L AY
L (m22  2m1m2 )g m2 g(m2  2m1 ) m2
   m2g
L 2(m1  m2 )AY 2AY(m1  m2 )
10. At equilibrium  T = mg
When it moves to an angle , and released, the tension the T at lowest point is
mv 2
 T = mg +
r
mv 2
The change in tension is due to centrifugal force T = …(1)
r
 Again, by work energy principle,
1
 mv 2 – 0 = mgr(1 – cos)
2
2
 v = 2gr (1 – cos) …(2)
m[2gr(1  cos )]
So, T   2mg(1  cos )
r
 F = T
YA L YA L
F= = 2mg – 2mg cos   2mg cos  = 2mg –
L L
YA L
= cos  = 1 – 
L(2mg)
1/ 2
x x  x2 
11. From figure cos  = = 1  2 
l 
x 2  l2 l 
=x/l … (1)
Increase in length L = (AC + CB) – AB l l
2 2 1/2 A B
Here, AC = (l + x ) Tx
2 2 1/2 T  T
So, L = 2(l + x ) – 100 …(2) L
L
F l C
Y= …(3) mg
A l
From equation (1), (2) and (3) and the freebody diagram,
2l cos = mg.
FL L F
12. Y =  
AL L Ay
D / D D L
=  
L / L D L
A 2r
Again, 
A r
2r
 A  
r

14.2
 Chapter-14
Pv  v 
13. B =  P = B 
v  v 
m m
14. 0  
V0 Vd
d V0
so,  …(1)
0 Vd
V0  Vd
vol.strain =
V0
0 gh V  gh
B= 1– d = 0
(V0  Vd ) / V0 V0 B
vD  0 gh 
  1   …(2)
v0  B 
Putting value of (2) in equation (1), we get
d 1 1
  d   0
0 1  0 gh / B (1  0 gh / B)
F
15.  
A
Lateral displacement = l.
16. F=Tl
2THg 4Tg 2Tg
17. a) P  b) P  c) P 
r r r
18. a) F = P0A
b) Pressure = P0 + (2T/r)
F = PA = (P0 + (2T/r)A
c) P = 2T/r
2T
F = PA = A
r
2T cos  2T cos  2T cos 
19. a) hA  b) hB  c) hC 
rA  g rB g rC g
2THg cos Hg
20. hHg 
rHgg
2T cos 
h  where, the symbols have their usual meanings.
r g
h T Hg cos 
   
hHg THg  cos Hg
2T cos 
21. h 
rg
2T
22. P =
r
P = F/r
2
23. A = r
4 3 4 3
24. R  r  8
3 3
 r = R/2 = 2
Increase in surface energy = TA – TA
14.3
 Chapter-14
2T cos  2T cos 
25. h = , h =
rg rg
hrg
 cos  =
2T
–1
So,  = cos (1/2) = 60°.
2T cos 
26. a) h =
rg
2
b) T  2r cos  = r h    g
hrg
  cos  = 
2T
–3
27. T(2l) = [1  (10 )  h]g
2
28. Surface area = 4r
29. The length of small element = r d 
dF = T  r d 
considering symmetric elements,
dFy = 2T rd . sin [dFx = 0]
/2

 sin d = 2Tr[cos ]

/2
so, F = 2Tr 0 =T2r
0

Tension  2T1 = T  2r  T1 = Tr

30. a) Viscous force = 6rv
4
b) Hydrostatic force = B =   r 3 g
3
4
c) 6 rv +   r 3 g = mg
3
 m 
  g
2 r 2 (  )g 2 2  (4 / 3)r 3 
v=  r
9  9 n
31. To find the terminal velocity of rain drops, the forces acting on the drop are,
3
i) The weight (4/3) r g downward.
3
ii) Force of buoyancy (4/3) r g upward.
iii) Force of viscosity 6  r v upward.
Because,  of air is very small, the force of buoyancy may be neglected.
Thus,
4 2r 2 g
6  r v =   r 2 g or v= 
3 9
R vD
32. v = R=
D 

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14.4