CATION TESTS

0 GROUP 1 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP

NH4+ Pb2+ Al 3+ Zn4+

prelim:
1.NaOH +dry salt prelim: Prelim: Prelim:
when heated ammonical smell is observed. 1.NaOH + dry salt when heated no smell is observed salt+water in presence of sodium hydroxide. salt+water in presence of sodium hydroxide.
2.bring stirrer dipped in HCL near test tube mouth. dense white 2.salt+water+dil.HCL will give white ppt white ppt will be formed. jelly like white ppt will be formed.
fumes will be seen.

confirm:
divide white ppt in 2 parts
confirm:
1. add potassium iodide
salt+nestlers reagent if brown ppt is formed NH4+ confirmed.
yellow colour is obtained.
2.add potassium chromate yellow colour is obtained
confirm :
confirm: divide the ppt into 2 equal parts
when sodium hydroxide in excess is added white ppt in NOT 1.add potassium ferrocynide white ppt is observed.
soluble. 2.add HCL and then H2S .
reappearance of jelly like ppt.
 ANION

chloride nitrate(brown ring test) sulphate Acetate Phosphate sulphite sulphide bromide

prelim: prelim:
prelim: prelim: prelim:
prelim: salt+conc.H2SO4. prelim: prelim: salt+water+dil.H2SO4
salt+water+conc. H2S04 salt+water+conc.H2SO4+copper salt+water+conc.H2SO4
no preliminary for sulphate. evolution of colorless vapour with no preliminary test for phosphate. salt+water+dil.H2S04 gives sewer smell. gives rotten egg smell and yellow
gives white ppt and suffocating gas. turnings and heating gives brown gas. gives orange gas.
vinegar like odour. colour.

confirm:
confirm: confirm: conifm: confirm: confirm: confirm: confirm:
salt+water+FeS04+conc.H2SO4(slowly
salt+water+silver nitrate/HNO3 salt+water+dil.H2SO4+barium chloride salt+water+ferric chloride salt+conc.HNO3+ammonium molybdate salt+conc.H2SO4+filter paper dipped in salt+water+HCL+lead acetate gives salt+water+HNO3+ AgNO3 gives white
beside walls)
gives white ppt. gives white ppt. gives red colour. gives milky yellow color. K2 Cr2 O4. black colour. ppt.
brown ring is formed.