Chapter V

LONGITUDINAL SHIP
STRENGTH CALCULATION

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 16 of 139

V.1. Owner Requerement

To design of this ship, we have owner requerement as base of workmanship. The following
owner requirement can be determine as follow :
 Type of Ship : Barge
 DWT : 5500 ton

V.2. Estimation Calculation

First, we make estimation for principle dimension by using approach method. The approach
method as follow :
Displacement = LWT + DWT
= 1/5 Displacement + 4/5 Displacement
6875 = 5500 + 1375
Displacement = L . B . T. Cb. ρ
6875 = (L.B.T).1.1.025
(L.B.T) = 6875/1.025
= 6707.317

So, for first calculation we use estimation principle dimension, as follow :

L = 100,00 m
B = 16,00 m
T = 4,20 m
H = 6,00 m
LWT = 1375 m
Cb = 1,00
Disp = 6720 ton

V.3. LWT Calculation

After we get estimation principle dimension. Then, we try to get real calculation. First
determine LWT, the calculation as follow :
Ship Shell
Surface area : 1 (L x B) + 2 (L x H) + 2 (B x H)
: 2992 m2

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 17 of 139

Plate thickness : 10 mm
: 0,01 m
Weight of Shell : Surface area x Plate Thickness x ρ steel
: 234.872 ton

Transverse Bulkhead
Surface area : 2( B x H)
: 2 (16x6)
: 192 m2
Plate thickness : 10 mm
: 0,01 m
Weight of Steel : Surface area x Plate Thickness x ρ steel
: 15,072 ton

Added Construction
Weight of Steel : 25 % LWT
: 25% x 1375
: 343,75 ton

Total LWT : Wshell + WBHD + Wkons.Tambahan

: 600 ton

From the calculation LWT, we can put the value of LWT to get value of Maximum Draft. The
calculation method, as follow :

Displacement = DWT + LWT

= 5500 + 765
= 6265 ton

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 18 of 139

V.4. Load Calculation
After we got the approximation principle dimension, now we calculated the load to
verification value of displacement. First, we divide ship into ten section then calculate load
distribution. The calculation metod, as follow :

Distance between section = LBP/10

= 10,00 m
Then, we assume weight distribution and buoyancy distributin spread on board :

Barge Volume = L x B x H x Cb
= 9600 m3

Load distribution calculation :

Distribution LWT = LWT / Vol

= 600/ 9600 ton/ m3
= 0,063 ton/ m3
Distribution DWT = DWT / Vol
= 5500/ 9600 ton/ m3
= 0,573 ton/ m3
Distributin Weight Force = 0,07963 + 0,573 ton/ m3
=
0,636 ton/ m3

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 19 of 139

LWT+DWT and Loading

Station q LWT q LWT Average q DWT q DWT Average q tot Arm Moment
[ton] [ton] [ton] [ton] [ton]
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
AP 60 550
60 550 610 -50.00 -30500.00
1 60 550
60 550 610 -40.00 -24400.00
2 60 550
60 550 610 -30.00 -18300.00
3 60 550
60 550 610 -20.00 -12200.00
4 60 550
60 550 610 -10.00 -6100.00
5 60 550
60 550 610 10.00 6100.00
6 60 550
60 550 610 20.00 12200.00
7 60 550
60 550 610 30.00 18300.00
8 60 550
60 550 610 40.00 24400.00
9 60 550
60 550 610 50.00 30500.00
FP 60 550
∑ 600 5500 6100 0.00

LCG = 0,00 m
Ship Weight = 6100 ton

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 20 of 139

Calculation Load

Station Area [a(x)} Load {w(x)}

[m^2] [ton/m]
[1] [2] [3]
ap 96 61.056
1 96 61.056
2 96 61.056
3 96 61.056
4 96 61.056
5 96 61.056
6 96 61.056
7 96 61.056
8 96 61.056
9 96 61.056
10 96 61.056

Calculation Bouyancy

Station Area [a(x)} Bouyancy {b(x)}

[m^2] [ton/m]
[1] [2] [3]
ap 67.2 68.88
1 67.2 68.88
2 67.2 68.88
3 67.2 68.88
4 67.2 68.88
5 67.2 68.88
6 67.2 68.88
7 67.2 68.88
8 67.2 68.88
9 67.2 68.88
10 67.2 68.88

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 21 of 139

Distribution of Buoyancy On Still Water

Station Area {a(x)} b(x) b(x) rata^2 b(x)*b Lengan Momen

[m^2] [ton/m] [ton/m] [ton] [m] [ton.m]
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [5]*[6]=[7]
AP 40 41
52.275 522.75 -50 -26137.5
1 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 -40 -25420
2 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 -30 -19065
3 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 -20 -12710
4 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 -10 -6355
5 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 10 6355
6 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 20 12710
7 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 30 19065
8 62 63.55
63.55 635.5 40 25420
9 62 63.55
52.275 522.75 50 26137.5
10 40 41
∑ 6129.5 ∑ 0

Value of area bouyancy force has change for all station to get the right correction. So it
change the shape of ship coefficient block from 1.00 to 0.96. following the calculation of
correction and 3D modelling to get coefficient block value will shown bellow :

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 22 of 139

DWT Correction Calculation

Displacement Correction ( < 0.5 % )

~ Total Displacement (air tenang) = 6129.5
~ Total Berat = 6100
hence,
(Total displasement - Total load) * 100%

Total displasement

=( 6129.5 - 6100 ) * 100 % = 0.48 %

6129.5

Neutral Axis Correction (LCB) ( < 0.05 % )

~ LCB (still water) = 0
~ LCG = 0.00
~ Lpp = 100
Hence,
(LCB - LCG) * 100%

Lpp

=( 0.000 - 0.000 ) * 100 % = 0.00 %

100

3D Modelling and Value of Cb

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 23 of 139

V.5. New Ship Particulars

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 24 of 139

We get new principle dimension, as follow:
Length Over All = 100.00 m
Length of Water Line = 100.00 m
Length Perpendicular = 100.00 m
Breadth MLD = 16.00 m
Depth Max = 6.00 m
Draft design = 3.875 m
Coefficient Block = 0.96

Lightweight
Weight = 600.0 ton
LCG = 50.00 m from AP
VCG = 3 m above BL
TCG = 0 m above BL
Deadweight
@ summer draft = 5500.00 ton
Displacement = 6100.00 ton

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 25 of 139

V.6. Moment Bending Calculation

On this section, we will calculate longitudinal ship strengh using SACS. Stability. The
following step will shown below :

Input Tank Definition

On this step we will define the potion of tank then visualisation the tank on 3D modelling.
Input of tank definition base on x,y,z axis, negative value on lenght definition mean direction
from AP to FP and negative value on breath definition mean position on port side. Here, the
input for tank definition :

Approximation o f Tank Definion

Before we input the data to Maxsurf, the tank position must has been aprroximated like
shown bellow :

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 26 of 139

Input of Tank Definiton on maxsurf

Loadcase
A load case defines how load patterns are applied (statically or dynamically), how the
structure responds (linearly or nonlinearly), and how analysis is performed (through modal
analysis, direct integration, etc.). In this case loadcase is how ship divine into 10 section and
definition of tank capacity. The following loadcase shown bellow :

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 27 of 139

Graph Longitudinal Strength

Result Longitudinal Strength

From the result, we can conclude maximum moment is dfinfined 2680.386 ton.m at midship
section.

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 28 of 139

V.6. Design Section Modulus
1. Calculated and Checked of Longitudinal Strenght of Ship
Stress Calculation
- Asummed the stress checking at still water condition.
From the moment and shear force on still water table, get the maximum of moment :
# Assumed the checking stress on still water
From the table moment and shear force on still water as know Maximum
Moment :
M"(x).max = 2553.75 Ton.m 25026.75 kN.m
= 255375000 Kg.cm

Permissible Stress calculation on BKI Rules

p = Permissible Stress [N/mm^2]

= Cs . p0 .
p0 = 175/k for L ≥ 90 m
As Know ;
For 0,30 ≤x/L≤
1
Cs = 0,70

Hence,
p0 = 175/k
= 224.359 [N/mm^2]

p = Permissible stress [N/mm^2]

= 224.359 [N/mm^2]
Kg/Cm^
= 2289.377 2

Design stress vs permissible stress on rules BKI.

BKI gave the rules for pemissble stress on ship with requiretmen ;
 desain <  ijin
or,
Deck (Still Water, Sagging, dan Hogging) < p
Bottom (Still Water, Sagging dan Hogging) < p

# on this calculation just calculating :

a. still water condition
b. the ship is bottom only (bottom and side)

Hence ;

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 29 of 139

 Design < permissible , or
permissible > Design
2289.377 > Mmax / W
==>> W> 111548 Cm^3

2. Moment inersia calculation on midship section.

In this section, we calculated the inersia moment on midship section where it has not
construction.

1. Table of calculation inersia moment on midship section without construction

No Item Jumlah Lebar Tinggi Luas (A) Lengan A.z A.z^2 Io=1/12 b.h^3
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4]
1 Side Plate 2 0.01 6 0.12 3 0.36 0.3888 0.18000
2 Bottom 1 16 0.01 0.16 0.005 0.0008 0.0000 0.00000
∑ 0.28 0.3608 0.388 0.18000

Yna (titik berat) [Z1] = 1.288571429 [m]

titik berat gabungan [Z2] = 7.711428571 [m]
Io [Inersia Lokal] = 0.18000 [m^4]
∑A.z^2 = 0.38880 [m^4]
Ixx [ Inersia Global ] = 0.56880 [m^4]
W bottom = 0.441420106 [m^3]
W deck = 0.073760825 [m^3]
W tot = 0.010303619 [m^3]
10303.62 [cm^3]

Syarat ; 10303.62 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 30 of 139

 2. Table of calculation inersia moment after being added with center girder.

N Juml Leb Len Io=1/12 Ixx=Io+(z-

Item Tinggi Luas (A) A.z A.z^2
o ah ar gan b.h^3 na)^2*A
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4] [m^4]
0.0
1 1 0.01 0.5 0.005 0.00 0.001
1 Seg. 1 1 0.001
1.0
1 0.5 0.01 0.005 0.005 0.00 0.000
2 Seg. 2 0 0.001
∑ 0.015 0.010 0.00 0.001 0.002

Luas (A) = 0.015 [m^2]

Yna (titik berat) = 0.66833 [m]
Io [inersia lokal] = 0.00083 [m^4]
Ixx [inersia global] = 0.00168 [m^4]
W center Girder = 0.00252 [m^3]
2518.890
274 cm^3

Req 12822.51 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

3. Table of calculation inersia moment after being added with side girder.

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 31 of 139

 Ixx=Io+
N Leba Len Io=1/12
Item Jumlah Tinggi Luas (A) A.z A.z^2 (z-
o r gan b.h^3
na)^2*A
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4] [m^4]
1 Seg. 1 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.5 0.005 0.00 0.001 0.001
1.0
1 0.3 0.01 0.003 0.003 0.00 0.000
2 Seg. 2 05 0.000
∑ 0.013 0.008 0.00 0.001 0.001

Luas (A) = 0.013 [m^2]

Yna (titik berat) = 0.6165 [m]
Io [inersia lokal] = 0.0008 [m^4]
Ixx [inersia global] = 0.0014 [m^4]
W center Girder = 0.0023 [m^3]
2362.7 cm^3

Req ; 15185.30 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

4. Table of calculation inersia moment after being added with side stringer

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 32 of 139

N Leba Len Io=1/12 Ixx=Io+(z-
Item Jumlah Tinggi Luas (A) A.z A.z^2
o r gan b.h^3 na)^2*A
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4] [m^4]
2.99
1 0.26 0.01 0.0026 0.008 0.000 0.000
1 Seg. 1 5 0.014
2 Seg. 2 1 0.01 0.26 0.0026 2.87 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.013
∑ 0.0052 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.027

Luas
(A) = 0.005 [m^2]
Yna (titik berat) = 2.933 [m]
Io [inersia lokal] = 0.000 [m^4]
Ixx [inersia global] = 0.027 [m^4]
W center Girder = 0.009 [m^3]
9102.310 cm^3

Req ; 24287.6 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

5. Table of calculation inersia moment after being added with frame on bottom

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 33 of 139

 Ixx=Io
N Juml Leb Luas Leng Io=1/12 +(z-
Item Tinggi A.z A.z^2
o ah ar (A) an b.h^3 na)^2
*A
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4] [m^4]
0.0
1 0.1 0.001 0.05 0.000 0.000 0.000
1 Seg. 1 1 0.000
0.10
1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 Seg. 2 5 0.000
∑ 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

Luas (A) = 0.002 [m^2]

Yna (titik berat) = 0.078 [m]
Io [inersia lokal] = 0.000 [m^4]
Ixx [inersia global] = 0.001 [m^4]
W center Girder = 0.009 [m^3]
9038. cm^3

Req ; 33326.6 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

6. Table of calculation inersia moment after being added with frame on side

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 34 of 139

 Ixx=Io
Luas Io=1/12 +(z-
No Item Jumlah Lebar Tinggi Lengan A.z A.z^2
(A) b.h^3 na)^2
*A
q hor ver A z
[m] [m] [m^2] [m] [m^3] [m^4] [m^4] [m^4]
1 Seg. 1 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 5.995 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.028
2 Seg. 2 1 0.01 0.1 0.001 5.95 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.028
∑ 0.002 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.056

Luas (A) = 0.002 [m^2]

Yna (titik berat) = 5.973 [m]
Io [inersia lokal] = 0.000 [m^4]
Ixx [inersia global] = 0.056 [m^4]
W center Girder = 0.009 [m^3]
9421.552 cm^3

Req; 42748.16 [cm^3] > 111547.8 [cm^3] FALSE

68799.64

1.5. Design of transverse construction (web frame)

In this section, step of to design and calculated web frame or transverse construction
used to shortest the moment arm because on longitudinal construction has not comply.
p = 224.3589744 [N/mm^2]
= 22435.89744 [N/Cm^2]

W desain = 201114.39 [cm^3]

< Ijin , atau

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 35 of 139

 desai
n
Ijin > desain
22435.9 > Mmax / W
==>> Mmax < 4512181740 [N.cm]
45121.82 [kN.m]

1.5.1. Moment distribution calculation

==>> Mmax = 45121,82 kN.m has same of global moment on the ship.
Therefore it must devided each area [m^2]

==>> Mmax (lokal) = Mmax (Global) / Ship Vol.

= 4.700189313 [kN.m^2]

Mmax (lokal)  P (load/local ship force)

1.5.2. Local Modulus calculation.

Designer assumed spacing of web frame be design = 2 meter, therefore there are 52
web frame on the ship hull.

==>> Formula of modulus calculation with BKI rules.

W = 0.55 x e x l^2 x P x nc x k
Therefore,
e [spacing of webframe]
l^2 [unsupported span]
P [local load]
nc [coef. Cross ties]
k [coef. Of material]
W [modulus]
[cm^3] (ref. Rules BKI tahum 2017 Vol.II Sect. 9 A.5.3.1)
= 2 [m]
= 36 [m]
= 4.700189 [kN.m^2]
= 1
= 0.78
= 145.1794 [cm^3]

W perencanaan ≥ 110 % W perhitungan

= 159.6974 [cm^3]

1.5.3. Table of inersia moment web frame design.

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 36 of 139

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 37 of 139
1.5. evaluation og longitudinal strenght.
1. calculation and checked longitudinal strength.
On still water conditon
a. From the moment table on still water got Mmax ;
Mmax = 6368.74 ton.m, or 636874480 kg.cm
b. From the construction calculation got Wtotal ;
Wtotal = 296469.90 cm^3
c. So that, design stress = Mmax/Wtotal
 design = 2148.193 kg/m^2 or 210.5228 N/mm^2

2. permissible stress on rules BKI requiretments ;

(ref. Rules BKI Vol.2 Section 5 Sec. 1.1)

p0 = 175/k
= 224.359 [N/mm^2]
p = Tegangan Ijin [N/mm^2]
= 224.359 [N/mm^2]

3. evaluating of design stress comparison with permissible stress on BKI regulation ;

BKI gave the requirements is ;
 desain <  ijin
So that ;
===> 210.5229 < 224.359 [N/mm^2] TRUE

Summary :
From the calculation step for all the construction design has comply the rule of BKI
version 2017 Vol.2 for hull construction.

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 38 of 139

Chapter V LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH CALCULATION 39 of 139