5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John

Moores University

TUTORIAL Week 16
Q1. A simply supported one-way spanning internal reinforced concrete slab is required to
support permanent and variable actions within an office building, in addition to its self-
weight.
The slab will be 200 mm deep and is required to have a fire resistance period of
60 minutes. The effective span of the slab will be 4.20 m and will be subject to moderate
air humidity conditions inside the building.
Using the following data and the design guidance provided by Eurocode 2:
Characteristic Dead Load on slab (finishes) = 1.20 kN/m2
Characteristic Imposed Load on slab = 3.00 kN/m2
Characteristic yield strength of all reinforcement = 500 N/mm2
Reinforcement bar diameter = 10 mm
Concrete Compressive Strength Class = C20/25
Maximum aggregate size = 20 mm
Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3

a) Design suitable main and secondary reinforcement for the slab.

b) Show that shear reinforcement is not required in the slab.
c) Check the span to effective depth ratio for the slab.

Answer

DATA

Effective Span of Slab, L = 4.20 m; Concrete compressive strength class = C20/25

f ck  20 N/mm2 ; f yk  500 N/mm2 ;
b  1000 mm; h  200 mm
Characteristic Dead Load on slab = 1.20 kN/m2
Characteristic Imposed Load on slab = 3.00 kN/m2
Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3
Main Bar ϕ = 10 mm

DURABILITY & FIRE RESISTANCE

T 4.1 Moderate air humidity environment, Exposure Class = XC3

Required Fire Resistance = 60 mins
T NA2 Nominal Cover for Durability, cnom  35 mm  10 mm  45 mm
Bond, Main Bar   10 mm  10 mm  10 mm  20 mm
cnom  max{Bond, Durability}  max{45 mm, 20 mm}  45 mm
T 4.4A Axis Distance, a = 20 mm,
 10 mm
cnom  bar  45 mm   50 mm  a
2 2
Nominal Cover, cnom  45 mm
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF SLAB

bar
d  h  cnom   200 mm  45 mm  5 mm  150 mm
2

LOADING ULS

Characteristic Permanent action Gk

Slab Loads-finishes

Gk,finishes  1.20 kN/m 2  Area  1.20 kN/m 2 1 m  4.20 m  5.04 kN

Slab self-weight

Gk,self-weight  25 kN/m3  Section Area  L  25 kN/m3  b  h  L

 25 kN/m3 1 m  0.200 m  4.2 m  21 kN

Total Characteristic Permanent Action Gk

Gk  Gk,finishes  Gk,self-weight  5.04 kN  21 kN  26.04 kN

Total Characteristic Variable Action Qk

Qk  3.00 kN/m 2  Area  3.00 kN/m 2 1 m  4.2 m  12.6 kN

Design ultimate load Gd

F  1.35Gk  1.5Qk  1.35  26.04 kN  1.5 12.6 kN  54.05 kN

MOMENT ULS

FL 54.05 kN  4.2 m
M Ed    28.4 kNm
8 8

M Ed 28.4 106 Nmm

K   0.063  K'  0.167
bd 2 f ck 1000 mm  (150 mm)2  20 N/mm2

No compression reinforcement is required.

d 150 mm 
z 1  1  3.53K   
1  1  3.53  0.063   141 mm
2 2
0.82d  123 mm  141 mm  0.95d  143 mm
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

MAIN REINFORCEMENT

M Ed 28.4 106 Nmm

As    463 mm2  As ,req
0.87 f yk z 0.87  500 N/mm2 141 mm

Use H10@ 150 bars (524 mm2/m) = As,prov

As ,min  0.0013bd  0.0013 1000 mm 150 mm  195 mm 2

2 2
As ,min  0.00016 f bd  0.00016  (20 N/mm ) 1000 mm 150 mm  177 mm2
3
ck
2 3

As ,max  0.04bh  0.04 1000 mm  200 mm  8000 mm2

195 mm & 177 mm 2  As,prov  524 mm 2  8000 mm 2 OK

Minimum clear spacing of main reinforcement

Minimum clear spacing  max{max bar size, 20 mm, maximum aggregate size  5 mm}
 max{10 mm, 20 mm, 20 mm  5 mm}  25 mm

Clear spacing  Spacing  bar  150 mm  10 mm  140 mm  25 mm OK

Maximum spacing of reinforcement

Max Spacing  2h  250 mm

Max Spacing  2h  2  200 mm  400 mm
Max Spacing  250 mm  150 mm (used)
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT

As  20%  As ,main  0.2  463 mm 2  93 mm 2

Use H10@350 bars (224 mm2/m) = As,prov

We can also use H10@400 bars (197 mm2/m) = As,prov

Maximum spacing should be 3h = 600 mm but not greater than 400 mm.
We used 400 mm = 400 mm, OK.

SHEAR ULS

F 54.05 kN
VEd    27.03 kN
2 2

VEd 27.03 103 N

vEd    0.18 MPa
bd 1000 mm 150 mm

As , prov 524 mm2

1    0.00349  0.349%
bd 1000 mm 150 mm
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

Linear interpolation gives vRd,c = 0.56 MPa

vEd  0.18 MPa  vRd,c  0.56 MPa

No Shear steel is required.

DEFLECTION SLS

Actual l/d

4.2 1000 mm
Actual l / d   28
150 mm

Basic span to effective depth ratio-K factor

K = 1, simply supported beam.

Basic span to effective depth ratio

0  10-3 f ck  10-3 20  4.5 10-3

 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

As ,req 463 mm 2
   0.0031  0
bd 1000 mm 150 mm
'0

l  0  0  2 
3

 K 11  1.5 f ck  3.2 f ck   1   25.02 if   0

d      


F1 = 1

F2 = 1, l < 7 m.

500 As , prov 500 524 mm 2

F3    
f yk As ,req 500 N/mm 2 463 mm 2
 1.13  1.5

l
Allowable l / d =  F1  F2  F3  25.02 1.0 1.0 1.13  28.3
d
Allowable l / d  28.3  28  Actual l / d

Deflection OK.
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

Q2. A 225 mm x 225 mm braced reinforced concrete column is required within a

moderate air humidity environment inside the ground floor of a new pharmaceutical
industry building. The column will support a design axial load of 625 kN and an ultimate
bending moment about the major axis (y-axis) of 35 kNm not allowing for the effect of
imperfections.
The clear height of the column is 3175 mm which is fully exposed and which is
monolithically connected, on all four sides at the top, to beams that are 350 mm deep and
is connected to a foundation which has been designed to carry moment.
Using the following data, the attached column design chart and the design
guidance provided by EC2:
Concrete compressive strength class = C40/50
Characteristic yield strength of all reinforcement = 500 N/mm2
Diameter of main bars = 20 mm
Diameter of links = 10 mm
Required fire resistance = 60 mins
a) Calculate the slenderness ratios for the column about both axes and hence show
that the column is not slender
b) Design all reinforcement for the column

Answer

DATA

Clear Height of Column, l = 3175 mm; End Condition 1 at top & bottom of column
(depth of beam = 350 mm > depth of column = 225 mm)
f ck  40 N/mm 2 ; f yk  500 N/mm 2 ;
h  225 mm; b  225 mm
N Ed  625 kN; M y  35 kNm; M z  0
Main Bar ϕ = 20 mm, Link Bar ϕ = 10 mm

EFFECTIVE LENGTH

Effective Length Factor = 0.75

L0, y  L0, z  0.75l  0.75  3175 mm  2381 mm

SLENDERNESS RATIO

L0, y 2381 mm
y  3.46  3.46  36.6
h 225 mm
L 2381 mm
z  3.46 0, z  3.46  36.6
b 225 mm
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

Ac f ck (225 mm  225 mm)  40 N/mm 2

lim  21.4  21.4  38.5
N Ed 625 103 N
 y  36.6  lim  38.5
z  36.6  lim  38.5

Column is stocky (not slender).

DURABILITY & FIRE RESISTANCE

T 4.1 Moderate air humidity environment, Exposure Class = XC3

Required Fire Resistance = 60 mins
T NA2 Nominal Cover for Durability, cnom  20 mm  10 mm  30 mm
Bond, Main Bar   10 mm  20 mm  10 mm  30 mm
cnom  max{Bond, Durability}  max{30 mm, 30 mm}  30 mm
T 4.4A Axis Distance, a = 46 mm,
 20 mm
d 2  cnom  link  bar  30 mm  10 mm   50 mm  a
2 2
Nominal Cover, cnom  30 mm

MOMENT ULS

h L 
ei  maximum  , 0 , 20 mm 
 30 400 
 225 mm L0, y 2381 mm 
 maximum   7.5 mm,   5.9 mm , 20 mm 
 30 400 400 
 20 mm  0.02 m

M i  ei N Ed  0.02 m  625 kN  12.5 kNm

M Ed  M i  M y  12.5 kNm  35 kNm  47.5 kNm

M Ed 47.5 106 Nmm

  0.104
bh 2 f ck 225 mm  (225 mm) 2  40 N/mm 2
N Ed 625 103 N
  0.309
bhf ck 225 mm  225 mm  40 N/mm 2
d2 50 mm
  0.222
h 225 mm
 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

MAIN REINFORCEMENT

For

M Ed 47.5 106 Nmm

  0.104
bh 2 f ck 225 mm  (225 mm) 2  40 N/mm 2
N Ed 625 103 N
  0.309
bhf ck 225 mm  225 mm  40 N/mm 2
d2
 0.25
h

As f yk bhf ck
 0.25  As  0.25
bhf ck f yk
225 mm  225 mm  40 N/mm 2
As  0.25 2
 1012.5 mm 2
500 N/mm

Use 4H20 bars (1257 mm2)

As ,min  0.002 Ac  0.002  225 mm  225 mm  101 mm 2

0.10 N Ed 0.10  625 103 N
As ,min    144 mm 2
0.87 f yk 0.87  500 N/mm 2

As ,max  0.04 Ac  0.04  225 mm  225 mm  2025 mm 2

 5123BEUG (Structural Analysis and Design) - Department of Engineering - Liverpool John
Moores University

101 mm & 144 mm2  As,prov  1257 mm2  2025 mm2 OK

LINK REINFORCEMENT

Minimum bar diameter ϕ:

10 mm ≥ 1/4 of main bar ϕ = 5 mm
10 mm ≥ 8 mm. OK

Maximum spacing:
For a height equal to the larger dimension (225 mm) of the column above and below a
beam:
≤ 12 ϕ of the smallest main bar = 240 mm.
≤ 60% of the least column dimension = 135 mm.
≤ 240 mm.

Use H10@ 135 c/c for the links 225 mm above and below the beam connection.

For the remainder of the column height - Middle section:

≤ 20 ϕ of the smallest main bar = 400 mm.
≤ the least column dimension = 225 mm.
≤ 400 mm.

Use H10@ 225 c/c