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2015

DESIGN OF STRUCTURES-III
Q. A gantry girder section to made up of ISMB600 @1.23KN/m with a channel ISMC 300 @ 0.363
KN/m at the top. The girder section is subjected to a factored bending moment of MZ=500 KNm and
My=25 KNm. Check the safety of the section in bending and shear. Given ZPZ=4.2x106 mm3 and
Zpy=0.7x106 mm3 (top flange only).

Soln:

1)DATA:

Beam ISMB 600: h=600mm,bf=210mm,tf=20.8mm, tw=12.0mm,b=bf/2=210/2=105mm,d=h-2tf=600-


2x20.8=558.4mm

Channel ISMC 300: h =300mm,b=90mm,tf=13.6mm, tw=7.6mm

Factored BM: MZ=500KNm,MY=25KNm

ZPZ=4.2x106 mm3, Zpy=0.7x106 mm3

2)SECTION CLASSIFICATION:

Beam ISMB600

b/tf=105/20.8=5.04<9.4Ɛ where Ɛ=(250÷fy)1/2=1

d/tw=558.4/12=46.53<84Ɛ

Channel ISMC 300

b/tf=90/13.6=6.62<9.4Ɛ (REF. TAB 2, IS800:2007)

Therefore, section is plastic.

3)CHECK FOR SAFETY IN BENDING

Mdz=βbZPZfy/ϒm0 (REF. CL.-8.2.1.2, IS800:2007)

Mdz=1x4.2x106x250/1.1=954545454.5Nmm=954.54KNm>500KNm

Mdyf=βbZPyfy/ϒm0 (REF. CL.-8.2.1.2, IS800:2007)

Mdyf=1x0.7x106x250/1.1=159090909.1Nmm=159.09KNm>25KNm

Combined Check: Mz /Mdz +MY /MdYf=500/954.564+25/159.09=0.68<1

Therefore, section is safe in bending.


Q. Calculate the design forces in a gantry girder for the following data:

1. Span of crane girder=15m

2. Span of the gantry girder=7.5m

3. Minimum hook approach=1.2m

4. Difference between wheel centres=3.6m

5. Crane capacity=250KN

6. Weight of crane girder excluding trolley=200KN

7. Weight of trolley motor, hook etc.=300N/m

9. Type of crane=EOT 13.33KN/m

Soln: 15m

A B

1.2m

VA VB

254.5KN

Self weight of crane girder=200/15=13.33KN/m

Crane capacity= 250 KN

Weight of trolley motor, hook etc.=300N/m=300x15 N= 4500N=4.5KN

=250+4.5=254.5KN

VA+VB=13.33x15+254.5=454.5KN

∑MA=0

OR, VBx15-13.33x15x15/2-254.5x1.2=0

OR, VB=120.335KN

VA=454.5-120.335=334.165KN

The reaction from the crane girder is distributed equally on the two wheels at the end of the crane
girder.

Therefore, Maximum wheel load on each wheel of crane=334.165/2=167.08 KN

Increasing 25% for impact (EOI), Maximum single wheel load=1.25x167.08= 208.85 KN

MAXIMUM BM:
For maximum BM to occur, the position of the wheels should be such that the c.g of the loads and
one of the wheel loads (under which maximum BM occurs) are equidistant from the centre of the
gantry girder, as shown in fig .

208.85 208.85

c.g of wheel load

P R T C S Q

centre of gantry girder

VP VQ

PQ=7.5 m, RS= 3.6 m, PC=CQ=7.5/2=3.75m, RT= TS= 3.6/2=1.8 m, TC = CS = 1.8/2 =0.9 m

PR= PC- RT-TC= 1.05 m, SQ= PQ- PC- CS= 2.85 m

Maximum BM occurs under the wheel S.

Therefore, Ms=VQx2.85

VQ+VP=2x208.85= 417.7 M

∑MP=0

OR, VQx7.5- 208.85x 1.05- 208.85x (3.75+ 0.9) = 0

OR, VQ= 158.73 KN

VP= 417.7- 158.73 KN= 258.97 KN

Ms=158.73x 2.85=452.38 KNm

Asssuming dead load of crane rail=350 N/m and selfweight of girder section per m=2 KN/m

Total dead load=2.35KN/m

Maximum BM due to DL at mid point=wl2/8=2.35x7.52/8=16.53 KNm

Final BM= 452.38+ 16.53= 468.91 KNm

Factored BM=1.5 x468.91= 703.36 KNm

MAXIMUM SF:

208.85KN 208.85KN

R 3.6m S

P Q
Maximum SF will occur when one of the wheels occupies the end support.

∑MP=0

OR, VQx7.5- 208.85x 3.6= 0

OR, VQ (LL) = 100.248KN

VP (LL) = 2x208.85-100.248= 317.45KN

Again, VP (DL) = VQ (DL) = 2.35x7.5/2= 8.81 KN

Therefore, VP= 317.45+ 8.81= 326.26 KN

VQ=100.248+ 8.81= 109.06 KN

Therefore, maximum shear force= 326.26KN

Factored SF= 1.5x326.26= 489.39 KN

LATERAL FORCE:

Lateral wheel load on gantry girder (for EOI) = 10% of ( weight of crab+ load
lifted)=(10/100)x(0.3x15+250)= 25.45 KN

There being four wheels, lateral load per wheel= 25.45/4=6.36 KN

Lateral forces will cause bending in horizontal plane. The wheels should be in the same position as
for the vertical bending to give the maximum bending moment.

Therefore,

by proportion, maximum BM= (452.38/208.85)x6.36=13.78 KNm;

Factored BM=1.5x13.78=20.67 KNm

Maximum SF= (317.45/208.85)x6.36= 9.67 KN;

Factored SF= 1.5x9.67= 14.51KN

DESIGN FORCES ON GANTRY GIRDER (FACTORED):

BENDING MOMENT(KNm) SHEAR FORCE (KN)


MZ 703.36 FZ 489.39
MY 20.67 FY 14.51
Q. A welded plate girder 20 m span and laterally restrained throughout supports a superimposed
load of 80 KN/m throughout the span. Design the plate girder section using steel plate of grade
Fe410.

Soln:

DESIGN FORCES:

Superimposed load= 80 KN/m

Selfweight of plate girder/ metre= Total Superimposed load/400= 80x20/400= 2 KN/m

Total UDL= 80+2= 82 KN/m

Max. BM= Wl2/8=82x202/8=4100KNm

Max. SF= Wl/2= 82x20/2= 820 KN

Factored BM= 1.5x 4100KNm= 6150 KNm

Factored SF= 1.5x820 KN= 1230 KN

WEB PLATE:

Optimum depth of web, d=(MzK/fy).33= (6150x106x180/250)0.33= 1524.92 mm

[Taking Flexural strength of web plate, K= d/tw=180]

Optimum thickness of web plate, tw=(Mz/fyK2).33 ={6150x106/(250x1802)}0.33=8.92 mm

Adopt a web plate of 1600x10

DESIGN OF FLANGE:

Area of flange, Af= (Mzϒm0)/( fyd)= (6150x106x1.1)/(250x1600)= 16912.5 mm2

bf= 0.3d= 0.3x1600= 480 mm

tf= Af/bf=16912.5/ 480= 35.23 mm

Adopt a flange plate of size 480x 40

CLASSIFICATION OF SECTION:

b/tf={(480-10)/2}/40=5.88<8.4Ɛ where Ɛ=(250÷fy)1/2=1

(REF. TAB 2, IS800:2007)

Therefore, section is plastic.

BENDING STRENGTH:

Md= βbZpfy/ ϒm0 (REF. Cl. 8.2.1.2, IS800:2007)


βb= 1

Zpf= [bftf(D- tf)]=[480x40(1600+40+40-40)]=31488000 mm3

Md=1x31488000x250/1.1=7156363636 Nmm= 7156KNm>6150KNm

Therefore, the section is safe in bending.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

Adopt simple post critical method (REF. Cl. 8.4.2.2, IS800:2007)

d/tw=1600/10=160 which is less than 200 &345.

Hence ok.

Kv=5.35

E= 2x 105N/mm2

τcr,e=[( Kvπ2E)/{(12(1-μ2)(d/tw)2}]= [5.35x π2x 2x 105/{12x(1-0.32)x(160)2]= 37.78 N/mm2

λw=√[fyw/(√3 τcr,e)]=√[250/(√3x37.78)]=1.95>1.2

τb= fyw/(√3 λw2)= 250/(√3x1.952)=37.96

Vn=Vcr=Av τb=1600x10x37.96= 607360 N=607.36KN

Vd= Vn/ϒm0=607.36/1.1=552.15KN<1230 KN

Not safe in shear

REVISE THE WEB PLATE SIZE 1600x20

d/tw=1600/20=80 which is less than 200 &345.

Hence ok.

Kv=5.35

E= 2x 105N/mm2

τcr,e=[( Kvπ2E)/{(12(1-μ2)(d/tw)2}]= [5.35x π2x 2x 105/{12x(1-0.32)x(80)2]= 151.10 N/mm2

λw=√[fyw/(√3 τcr,e)]=√[250/(√3x151.10)]=0.98<1.2&>0.8

τb=[1-0.8(λw -0.8)]( fyw/√3)=[ 1-0.8(0.98-0.8)](250/√3)=123.55 N/mm2

Vn=Vcr=Av τb=1600x20x123.55 = 3953600 N=3953.6KN

Vd= Vn/ϒm0=3953.6/1.1=3594.18KN>1230 KN

safe in shear . SIZE OF THE PLATE GIRDER(480x1680)


Q. The web plate of a plate girder is of 1500mmx 16mm. Design the end bearing stiffener for the
girder for a support 1200KN (working). Make suitable assumptions of any data that may be required.

Soln:

Web plate size=1500x16

Let us take flange size=500x40

CAPACITY OF THE UNSTIFFENED WEB:

1) Bearing

Fw= (b1+n2)twfyw/ϒm0 [ref. cl. 8.7.4,IS 800:2007]

b1=100 mm (assumed)

n2=2.5x40=100 mm

Fw=(100+100)16x250/1.1=727272.73 N=727.27 KN<1.5x1200=1800KN

Therefore end bearing stiffeners are required.

2) Safety in buckling

Buckling strength, Fcdw=( b1+n1)twfcd [ref. cl. 8.7.3.1,IS 800:2007]

b1=100 mm

n1=1600/2=800 mm

λ=le/r
𝐼
r=√(𝐴)

I=𝑏𝑑3/12

𝑏𝑑3
r=√[ /(𝑏𝑑)]=d/√12=16/√12=4.62 mm
12

le=KL=0.7x1600=1120 mm

λ=1120/4.62=242.43 mm

From table 9(d), IS 800:2007

By interpolation, fcd=24.1 + (22.5 − 24.1)(242.43 − 240)/(250 − 240)=23.71Mpa

Therefore, F =(100+800)x16x23.71=341424 N=341.42 KN<1800KN

Using 20 mm thick stiffener plate,


Width of the plate= 14 tqƐ=14x20x1=280 mm

Coping= 15 mm

Width of the stiffener effective in bearing=280-15 mm=265 mm

Effective area in bearing of each stiffener= 265x20=5300 mm2

Bearing force to be resisted by stiffener=1800- 727.27= 1072.73 KN

Bearing strength of the stiffener; Fpsd=Aqfyq/(0.8ϒm0) [ref: cl. 8.7.5.2, IS800:2007]

Fpsd=(5300x2)x(250x10-3)/(0.8x1.1)=3011.36KN<1072.3KN

Therefore, safe in bearing

CHECK FOR BUCKLING:

Area of the stiffener= 2x(224x20)+320x16=14080 mm2

M.I. of the stiffener section=


2[20x2243/12+(20x224)x(224/2+16/2)2]+(320+20/2)x163/12=166601386.7 mm4
𝐼
rxx=√(𝐴)=√( 166601386.7/14080)=108.78 mm

λ=le/rxx=0.7x1500/108.78=9.65

fcd =227 N/mm2[ref tab 9(d),IS800:2007]

Buckling reistance of the stiffener= Pcd=fcdxA=227x14080=3196160N=3196.16 KN>1800KN

Therefore, safe in buckling

Q. Design the structural mechanism which a pressed steel tank retains inside it. Also explain how the
load the water tank is transferred the supporting columns.

Soln:

Q. Calculate the design forces in staging of a three tier pressed tank.

Soln: F1, F2, F3=Tensile forces in the diagonal stays.


J1 T1
T2
J2 F1
J3 T3 F2
F3
J4
J1 J2 =J2 J3 =J3 J4=1.25 m
CALCULATION FOR DIAGONAL FORCES:

For J1 J2,
P1=( w × h )×h×1.25 / 2 = (10×1.25)×1.25×1.25) / 2
=9.76KN
Again M = 0 w.r.t J2
h
P1× 3= T1× 1.25

Or,9.76x1.25/3=T1x1.25
Or, T1= 3.25kN
But T1= F1cos45
So, F1=4.6 kN
Again For J1 J2 J3
1 1
P2=2×w × h ×h×1.25 = 2×10×2.5×2.5× 1.25

=39.0625kN
But M=0
So P2×h / 3 = T1×2.5 + T2×1.25
39.065×2.5 / 3 = 3.25×2.5 + T2×1.25
T2=19.5 kN
So F2 = T2 sec 45° =19.5×sec 45° = 27.58 kN
For J1 J2 J3J4
1
P3 = × w × h × h × 1.25
2

= .5×10×3.75×3.75×1.25

= 87.89 kN
h
Now ∑ M = 0 at joint J3 => P3 × 3= T1 × 3.75 + T2 × 2.5 + T3 × 1.25

87.9 3.75
=> 3
× 3 = 3.35× 3.75 + 19.5 × 2.5 + T3 × 1.25

=> T3 = 39.15 kN , F3 = T3 sec 45° = 55.38 kN

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