2014

DESIGN OF STRUCTURES-III

Q.11. A pressed steel tank of size 10m*10m*5m is proposed to be provided in a residential campus for water supply
purpose. Estimate the capacity of the tank in kiloliters, and the requirement of pressed steel plates in various thickness for the
construction of tank. Hence design the diagonal stays to be provided inside the tank,as per IS 800:2007.

ANS: Size of the tank = 10m*10m*5m

Capacity of the tank = 10*10*5= 500m 3= 500KL

Nominal size of pressed steel plate = 1.25m

10/1.25= 8tiers, 5/1.25=4 tiers

Requirement of plates

10

10
Bottom plates = 64 (8*8)

1st tier = 32 (8*4)

2nd tier = 32

3rd tier = 32

4th tier = 32

Total= 192 plates

J1 T1

J2 T2

J3 T3

J4 T4

J5
 F1 , F2, F3, F4, F5 are tensile force in the diagonal stays

Consider J1J2 : here h= 1.25m

J1 T1

h P1

1.25

J2

wh
P1 = ½ * wh *h*1.25 = ½ * 10 * 1.25*1.25*1.25 = 9.76 KN

Now ∑M =0 at J2

P1*h/3 = T1 h

9.76* 1.25/3= T1 *1.25

T1 = 3.25 KN

Again F1 cos 45° = T1

F1 = 4.6 KN

Consider J1 J2 J3 : here h= 2.5 m

P2 = ½ * wh*h* 1.25

=1/2 * 10*2.5*2.5*1.25= 39.06 KN

Again ∑M =0 at J3

P2 *h/3= T1 *2.5 + T2* 1.25

39.06*2.5 /3= 3.25 * 2.5 + T2*1.25

T2= 19.54 KN
F2 cos45° = T2
F2 = 27.63 KN

Consider J1J2J3J4: Here h= 3.75m

P3 =½ * wh*h* 1.25= ½*10 *3.75*3.75*1.25= 87.89

Again ∑M =0 at J4

P3 *h/3= T1*3.75 + T2 *2.5 + T3* 1.25

87.89* 3.75 /3 = 3.25*3.75 + 19.54*2.5 +T3*1.25

T3 = 39.06 KN

F3 cos45° = T3

F3 = 55.239 KN

Consider J1J2J3J4J5: Here h= 5m

P4 =½ * wh*h* 1.25 = ½*10 *5*5*1.25= 156.25 KN

Again ∑M =0 at J5
P4 *h/3= T1*5 + T2 *3.75 + T3* 2.5+ T4*1.25

156.25= 3.25* 5 + 19.54*3.75 + 39.06*2.5+ T4*1.25

T4 = 58.6 KN

F4 cos45° = T4

F4 = 82.86 KN

Let us design the bottom stay

We use Fe 400, Hole diameter = 20mm

Adopt 100ISF8

Factored F4 =1.5*82.86= 124.29 KN

Design strength due to yielding of gross section (ref Clause 6.2 IS 800:2007)

Tdg= Agfy/1.1 = 100*8*250/1.1= 181.81 KN

Design strength due to rupture of critical section (ref Clause 6.3 IS 800:2007)

Tdn= 0.9*An*fu/1.25= 0.9*(100-20)*8*400/1.25==184.32KN

Capacity = 181.81 KN > 124.29KN.

It is safe.

We use 100ISF8 for F4 ,F3

Again Adopt 60ISF6

Factored F2=1.5*27.63= 41.45 KN

Design strength due to yielding of gross section (Ref Clause 6.2 IS 800:20070

Tdg= Agfy/1.1 = 60*6*250/1.1= 81.81 KN

Design strength due to rupture of critical section (Ref Clause 6.3 IS 800:2007)

Tdn= 0.9*An*fu/1.25= 0.9*(60-20)*6*400/1.25==69.12KN

Capacity = 69.12 KN > 41.45KN.

It is safe.

We use 60 ISF 6 for F2 ,F1

Q.8.A simply supported plate girder of 25m span is to supported a uniform superimposed load of 120 KN/m throughout the
span. Design the girder cross section using steel plates of Grade Fe 410.

Soln: Span of plate girder =25m

Superimposed load = 120KN/m

Self weight of the plate girder = 120*25/400=7.5 KN/m

Total load = 120+7.5 =127.5 KN/m

Maximum BM = wl2/8 = 127.5*25*25/8= 9960.94 KNm

Maximum SF = wl/2 = 127.5* 25/2 = 1593.75kN

Factored BM = 1.5*9960.94= 14941.41KNm

Factored SF= 1.5*1593.75= 2390.625KN

Optimum depth d of the web = (MzK/fy)0.33= (14941.75*106*180/250)0.33=2043.95mm

K= 180

Optimum thickness of the web tw = (Mz/fyK2 )= (14941.75/250*180*180)=11.96mm

Adopt a web plate 2200*16

Design of flange:

Af= Mz/fy . 1.10/d = 14941.41/250 * 1.10*2200*106= 2983 mm2

bf =0.3d= .3*2200= 660mm

tf = Af/ bf =2983/660= 45.28mm

Adopt a flange plate of size 660*50

The whole depth of the section, D = 2200+50+50= 2300 KN

Classification of the section :

b/ tf =( (660-16)/2)/50= 6.44< 9.4€ ( Ref Table 2 IS 800:2007)

Section is plastic (only for flange)

Calculation of Bending strength:

Md= Bb*Zp*fy/1.10 ( Clause 8.2.1.2 IS 800:2007)

Zp= bftf(D-tf) = 660*50*(2300-50)= 74.25*106 mm3

Md= 1*74.25*106*250/1.10= 1.68 *1010 Nmm

=16800KNm>14941.41KNm

The section is safe in bending.

Check for shear:

Adopt simple post critical mehod-

d/tw = 2200/16 = 137.5 ≤ 200€ ( Ref Clause 8.6 IS 800:2007)

Slenderness ratio is safe.

tcr,e= Kvπ2E/ 12(1-µ2)( d/tw)2 ( Ref clause 8.4.2.2 IS 800:2007)

= 5.35 * π2 2*105/ 12(1- .32)* 137.52= 51.15N/mm2

Non dimensional we slenderness ratio for shear buckling stress=(f yw/31/2 tcr,e)1/2

= (250/31/2*51.75)1/2= 1.67≥1.2

Tb (Ref clause 8.2.1.2 IS 800:2007)= 250/1.672*31/2 =51.75N/mm2

Vcr= Av Tb ( Ref clause 8.4.2.2 IS 800:2007)

= 2200*16*51.75=1821.6KN< 2390.62KN

The web is not safe for shear.

Revice the web plate to size 2200*20

tcr,e= Kvπ2E/ 12(1-µ2)( d/tw)2 ( Ref clause 8.4.2.2 IS 800:2007)

= 5.35 * π2 2*105/ 12(1- .32)* (2200/202= 79.92N/mm2

Non dimensional we slenderness ratio for shear buckling stress=(f yw/31/2 tcr,e)1/2
= (250/31/2*79.92)1/2= 1.34≥1.2

Tb (Ref clause 8.2.1.2 IS 800:2007)= 250/1.342*31/2 = 80.38N/mm2

Vcr= Av Tb ( Ref clause 8.4.2.2 IS 800:2007)

= 2200*20*80.38=3536.7KN

Vd= 3536.7/ 1.1 = 3215.2KN >2390.62KN

660

20 2310

Design of connection:

Iz= 660*23103/12 – 2*320*22003/12 =1.01 *1011 mm4

y = 2200/2 + 50/2 =1125 mm

T = VAfy / 2Iz = 2390.625* 660*50*1125/ 2*1.01*1011= .44KN/mm

The strength of weld per mm length must be greater than .44 KN/mm

Let us adopt 6mm size fillet weld

Throat thickness = .7*6= 4.2 mm (Ref Table 22 IS 800:2117)

Effective area per mm length = 4.2*1= 4.2 mm2

Strength of weld per mm length = fwd*effective area

fwd = fu/31/2*1.25 (Ref clause 10.5.7.1.1)

= 410/31/2* 1.25= 189.37

Strength of weld per mm length = 189.37*4.2=.795KN> .45 KN

Check the capacity of Unstiffened web :

Bearing:

Fw= (b1+n2) twfyw/1.10 ( Ref clause 8.7.4 IS 800:2007)

b1=100mm (assume) n2= 50*2.5=125mm ( Ref clause 8.7.4 IS 800:2007)

b1+n2= 100+125= 225mm

Fw= 225*20*250/1.1*1000 =1022.72KN <2390KN

Web is not safe in bearing.So, stiffner is provided

Safety in buckling:

b1+n1= 2200/2 +100= 120

20
 1200mm

I = 1200*203/12= 800000 mm4

A= bd= 1200*20 = 2400mm2

R= (I/A)1/2= 5.77mm

Effective length of the stiffner= .7*2200= 1540mm

KL/R = 266.59

Using table 9(d) IS 800: 2007 fcd =22.5

Fw= Area of cross section* fcd= (b1+n1) tw*22.5= 1200*20*22.5= 540KN< 2390KN

Not safe for buckling. So we have to provided stiffener.

After providing stiffner:

660

224 2310

Let thickness of the stiffner plate =16mm

Width of plate= 14tq€ ( clause 8.7.1.2 IS 800:2007)

= 14*16*1= 224 mm

Coping =15mm

Effective area in bearing of each stiffner= 224*16= 3344mm2

Bearing force to be resisted by stiffner = 2390.62-1022.72= 1367.9KN

Fpsd =Aqfyq/ .8*1.1 (ref Cal 8.7.5.2)

= 209*16*2*250/.8*1.1= 1900 KN > 1367.9KN

It is safe in bearing.

Check for buckling:

224

20

16

16/2+ 20tq= 20*16=320

KL= .7*2200= 1540mm

A= 328*20+ 224*16*2= 13728mm2

R= (I/A)1/2

I= 328*203/12 + 2* ( 16*2243/12 +16*224*1222)= 136878976 mm4

R = (136878978/13728)1/2= 99.85

KL/R=1540/100 = 15.40

Using table 9(d) IS 800:2007 we get fcd = 224.84

P = fcd*A( cl 7.1.2 IS 800:2007)

= 3086.6 Kn> 2309.625 KN

It is safe in buckling.

Connection of stiffner to web by fillet weld

Length of fillet weld= 2200-15-15= 2170mm

Tdn= 0.9 Anfu/1.25 ( Ref Clause 6.3.1 IS 800:2007)

= .9*209*16*410/1.25= 987.148 KN

Strength of fillet weld per mm length ≥ 987.148/2*2170

= .23KN/mm

Let us provided 5mm fillet weld

Throad thickness= .7*5= 3.5mm

Effective area = 3.5*1= 3.5 mm2

fwd= fwn/31/2 = 181.37

Strength of fillet weld per mm length = fwd* effective area=189.37*3.5=.66>.23

The weld provided is safe.

Q. 9. A plate girder of 2000mm overall depth and 550mm width is subjected to a maximum shear force of 1200KN at the
support. The thickness of the flange plates and web plate are 50mm and 22mm respectively. Design the end bearing
stiffener for the girder as per IS 800:2007.

Soln:

Given, D = 2000mm, bf = 550mm , tf= 50mm , tw= 22mm , maximum SF (V)=1200KN

d= 2000-50-50= 1900mm. Factored SF= 1.5*1200=1800KN

Iz= 550*20003/12 – 2*264*19003/12 =6.48 *1010 mm4

y = 1900/2 + 50/2 =975 mm

T = VAfy / 2Iz = 1800* 550*50*975/ 2*6.48*1010= .37KN/mm

The strength of weld per mm length must be greater than .37KN/mm

Let us adopt 6mm size fillet weld

Throat thickness = .7*6= 4.2 mm (Ref Table 22 IS 800:2117)

Effective area per mm length = 4.2*1= 4.2 mm2

Strength of weld per mm length = fwd*effective area

fwd = fu/31/2*1.25 (Ref clause 10.5.7.1.1)

= 410/31/2* 1.25= 189.37

Strength of weld per mm length = 189.37*4.2=.795KN> .37 KN

Check the capacity of Unstiffened web :

Bearing:

Fw= (b1+n2) twfyw/1.10 ( Ref clause 8.7.4 IS 800:2007)

b1=100mm (assume) n2= 50*2.5=125mm ( Ref clause 8.7.4 IS 800:2007)

b1+n2= 100+125= 225mm

Fw= 225*22*250/1.1*1000 =1125KN <1800KN

Web is not safe in bearing.So, stiffner is provided

Safety in buckling:

b1+n1= 1900/2 +100= 1050

22

1050mm
I = 1050*223/12= 931700 mm4

A= bd= 1050*22 = 23100mm2

R= (I/A)1/2= 6.35mm

Effective length of the stiffner= .7*1900= 1330mm

KL/R = 209.44

Using table 9(d) IS 800: 2007 after calculating fcd =30.6

Fw= Area of cross section* fcd= (b1+n1) tw*30.6= 1050*22*30.6= 706.9KN< 1800KN

Not safe for buckling. So we have to provide stiffener.

After providing stiffener:

Let thickness of the stiffner plate =16mm

Width of plate= 14tq€ ( clause 8.7.1.2 IS 800:2007)

= 14*16*1= 224 mm

Coping =15mm

Effective area in bearing of each stiffner= 224*16= 3344mm2

Bearing force to be resisted by stiffner = 1800-1125=6 75KN

Fpsd =Aqfyq/ .8*1.1 (ref Cal 8.7.5.2)

= (224-15)*16*2*250/.8*1.1= 1900 KN >675KN

It is safe in bearing.

Check for buckling:

224

22

16

8+ 20tq= 20*16=320
KL= .7*1900= 1330mm

A =328*22+ 224*16*2= 14384mm2

R= (I/A)1/2

I= 328*223/12 + 2* ( 16*2243/12 +16*224*1222)= 136951354.7 mm4

R= (136951345.7/14384)1/2= 97.57

KL/R = 1330/97.57=13.63

Using table 9(d) IS 800:2007 we get fcd = 225.56

P = fcd*A( cl 7.1.2 IS 800:2007)

= 225.56*14384

= 3244.45 Kn> 1800 KN

Safe in Buckling.

Connection of stiffner to web by fillet weld

Length of fillet weld= 1900-15-15= 1870mm

Tdn= 0.9 Anfu/1.25 ( Ref Clause 6.3.1 IS 800:2007)

= .9*209*16*410/1.25= 987.148 KN

Strength of fillet weld per mm length ≥ 987.148/2*1870

= .53KN/mm

Let us provided 5mm fillet weld

Throad thickness= .7*5= 3.5mm

Effective area = 3.5*1= 3.5 mm2

fwd= fwn/31/2 = 181.37

Strength of fillet weld per mm length = fwd* effective area=189.37*3.5=.66>.53

The weld provided is safe.

Q. 10. A crane girder of 20m span is supported by a gantry girders on either side. The column supporting the gantry girder are
spaced 9m apart. An EOT crane of capacity of 400KN capacity( all inclusive) is operative on the crane girder, its
minimum approach distance being 1.20m from the gantry girder. If the wheel base of the gantry girder is 3.5m,
evaluate the design forces of the gantry girder. Also estimate the the probable size of the gantry girder cross section.

Soln: Given, crane capacity= 400KN

Span of the crane girder = 20m

Span of the gantry girder= 9m

Minimum approach distance= 1.2m

The distance between the wheel base= 3.5m

Crane capacity= 400KN

1.2m

Va 400KN Vb

15m
Va*20-400*(20-1.2)=0

Va=376KN

Again, Vb= 400-Va= 24KN

This load is transmitted to two wheel loads of gantry girder.

Single wheel load= 376/2= 188KN

Additional load due to impact = 25%of 188= 47KN

Total load = 188+47= 235 KN

Factored load = 1.5*235= 352.5 KN

Determination of Bending moment:

For maximum BM to occour, the position of the wheel loads such that the c.g the

loads and one of wheel loads (under which maximum BM occurs) are equidistant from the centre of the gantry girder , as
shown in the fig.

352.5KN 352.5KN

1.75m 1.75m

.875 .875 .875 .875

V1 V2

4.5m 4.5m
V1*9-352.5*(4.5-.875)-352.5*(3.5+3.625)=0

V1= 423KN
V2= 352.5*2-423= 282KN

MA= V2*x= 282*(4.5-.875)=1015.2KNm

Maximum BM= 1015.2KN

Determination of Shear force:

352.5KN 3.5m 352.5KN

V1 4.5m 4.5m V2
Maximum SF will occour when one of the wheel occupies the end support.

V1*9-352.5*9-352.5*(9-3.5)=0

V1= 564KN

Maximum Shear force= 564KN

Determination of lateral force:

Lateral wheel loads on gantry girder= 10% of the load lifted= 10*400/100=40KN

Horizontal load per wheel= 40/2= 20KN

Factord horizontal per wheel=20*1.5=30KN

Bending moment:

For load 352.5 KN BM=1038.94KNm

For load 30KN BM = 1015.2*30/352.5= 86.4KNm

Shear force:

For load 352.5KN, SF= 564KN

For load 30KN, SF= 564*30/352.5=48 KN

Design forces on gantry girder ( Factored) :

Bending moment (KNm) Shear force (KN)

Mz 1015.2 Fz 564
My 86.4 Fy 48