TLE Reviewer
FORMS OF ARCHITECTURE
 RENAISSANCE (1400 TO 1600 AD)
 PREHISTORIC TIMES (11,600 BC TO 3,500 BC)
Before recorded history, humans constructed
earthen mounds, stone circles, megaliths, and
structures that often puzzle modern-day
archaeologists.
 BAROQUE (1600 TO 1830 AD)
Example: Göbekli Tepe, Cliff dwellings,
Stonehenge
 Ancient Egypt (3,050 BC to 900 BC)
Powerful rulers constructed monumental
pyramids, temples, and shrines.
Example: Pyramids of Giza, Temple of Amun,
Karnak
 ART NOUVEAU (1890 TO 1914 AD)
 850 BC TO 476 AD — CLASSICAL
From the rise of ancient Greece until the fall
of the Roman empire, great buildings were
constructed according to precise rules.
Column styles and entablature designs,
continue to influence building design in
modern times.
Example: Porch Maidens Athens, Parthenon
 MODERNIST STYLES (1900 TO PRESENT)
Athens
 BYZANTINE (527 TO 565 AD)
After Constantine moved the capital, Roman
architecture evolved into a graceful,
classically-inspired style that used brick
instead of stone, domed roofs, elaborate
mosaics, and classical forms. Emperor
Justinian (527 AD to 565 AD) led the way
Example: Hagia Sophia Istanbul, Hagaia Irene
 NEO-MODERNISM AND PARAMETRICISM
Istanbul
 GOTHIC (1100 TO 1450 AD)
Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying
buttresses, and other innovations led to taller,
more graceful architecture. Ideas gave rise to
magnificent cathedrals.
Example: Chartres, Notre Dame, Florence
Cathedral Italy
 ROMANESQUE (800 TO 1200 AD)
Romanesque architecture with rounded
arches emerged. Churches and castles of the
early Medieval period were constructed with
thick walls and heavy piers.
Example: Leaning Tower of Pisa, Piazza Dei
Miracolli, Ely Cathedral
A return to classical ideas ushered an "age of
awakening" in Italy, France, and England.
Example: Palazzo Farnese, San Pietro in
Montorio
Reflected in opulent and dramatic churches
with irregular shapes and extravagant
ornamentation. Elements of the elaborate
Baroque style are found throughout Europe.
Example: Santa Susanna Church, Royal Palace
of Madrid
Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was
first expressed in fabrics and graphic design.
The style spread to architecture and furniture
in the 1890s. Have asymmetrical shapes,
arches and decorative surfaces with curved,
plant-like designs.
Example: Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest
20th and 21st centuries have seen dramatic
changes and astonishing diversity. Have come
and gone - and continue to evolve. Modern
day trends include Art Modern and the
Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius,
Deconstructivism, Formalism, Brutalism, and
Structuralism.
Example: Sydney Opera House Australia
(21ST CENTURY)
Continues modernism as a dominant form of
architecture in the 20th and 21st centuries,
especially in corporate offices. It tends to be
used for certain segments of buildings.
Parametricism style within contemporary
avant-garde architecture, promoted as a
successor to post-modern architecture and
modern architecture.
Example: Marina Bay Sands Singapore, Gare
de Lyon Saint-Exupéry
 TLE Reviewer
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Design BEFORE Building = Architecture

Design of Buildings and Spaces according to human

needs using technology and Science with Aesthetic
Qualities.

Design is an activity aiming at production of a plan

action which if executed is expected to lead to a
situation with certain desired characteristics ad
without unforeseen and undesired side and after
effects.

Elements - components or parts which can be isolated

and defined in any visual design or work of art.

A. Point or Mark - smallest and most basic element.

Often it is the personal 'handwriting' of the artist that
can be natural or learned.

B. Line - a form with width and length, but no depth.

C. Shape - area that is contained within implied line,

or is seen and identified because of color or value
changes. Shapes have two dimensions, length and
width, and can be geometric or free-form.

D. Forms - describes volume and mass, or the three

dimensional aspects of objects that take up space.
Viewed from any angles.