Professional Documents
Culture Documents
11
In this section, the time derivatives of kinematic tensors described in §2.4-2.6 are now
described using convected coordinates.
First, the material time derivatives of the deformed base vectors are, from 2.10.8,
F& = g& i ⊗ G i
F& −1 = G i ⊗ g& i
(2.11.2)
F& −T = g& i ⊗ G i
F& T = G i ⊗ g& i
∂v ∂v ∂v ∂Θ j ∂v
l= = i ⊗ ei = ⊗ ei = ⊗gj (2.11.3)
∂x ∂x ∂Θ ∂x
j i
∂Θ j
∂x& ∂v
g& i = = (2.11.4)
∂Θ i
∂Θ i
l = g& i ⊗ g i (2.11.5)
This is consistent with Eqn. 2.5.4, F& = lF , which gives, with 1.11.2a and 2.10.8b,
( )( )
l = F& F −1 = g& i ⊗ G i G j ⊗ g j = g& i ⊗ g i (2.11.6)
l ij = g i lg j = g i ⋅ g& j
l⋅ij = g i lg j = g i ⋅ g& j
(2.11.7)
l i⋅ j = g i lg j = g mj g i ⋅ g& m = g i ⋅ g& j
l ij = g i lg j = g i ⋅ g& j
g& i = lg i g& i = −l T g i
(2.11.8)
= gilT = −g i l
g& i dΘ i = lg i dΘ i (2.11.9)
From 2.5.6, l = d + w . The covariant components of the rate of deformation and spin are
1 ⋅
2
( T
) 2
( m m
&
2
)
d ij = g i l + l g j = g i g m ⊗ g + g ⊗ g m g j = (g i ⋅ g j + g i ⋅ g j ) = g i ⋅ g j
1 1
&
1
& &
2
1
2
( ) 1
2
( 1
2
)
wij = g i l − l T g j = g i g& m ⊗ g m − g m ⊗ g& m g j = (g i ⋅ g& j − g& i ⋅ g j )
(2.11.10)