MARONDERA HIGH SCHOOL

ELECTRONICS

1a A transformer has sinusoidal input of 7.3𝜇Vrms and an output 55𝜇Vrms.

>State the meaning of root mean square.

 Solution

Root mean square refers to the value of a steady direct voltage or current which would give the
same power dissipation as alternating voltage or current in a given resistor

>Calculate the peak output voltage.

 Vpeak =Vrms × √2

= 55 × 10-6 × √2

= 7.8 × 10-5 V

>Assuming this to be an ideal transformer calculate the turns ratio

 Solution

Turns Ratio ; Ns/Np = Vs/Vp

= 55× 10-6/7.3× 10-6

=7.5

b Identify 4 properties of ideal amplifier

 Solution

o Infinity slew rate

o Infinity input impedance

o Infinity open loop gain

o Zero output impedance

o Infinity bandwidth

C Describe the effects of negative feedback on the gain and on the bandwidth of an operational
amplifier


 

 &$Solution

It reduces open loop gain and therefore increases the bandwidth

>Using the virtual earth approximation derive an expression for the gain in a inverting amplifier
circuit.

P is the virtual earth(approximately 0V)

Since the op-amp has infinity input impedance current through R1 is equal to current through Rf .

pd across Rin  Rin = pd across Rf  Rf.

Vin  0 0  Vout
Since P is at zero volts, 
Rin Rf

Vout Rf
You can simplify the above equation to get the gain of the inverting op-amp, 
Vin Rin

>The circuit shown below contain the transformer and an ideal op-amp.
>Calculate the gain of the amplifier

 Solution

Gain =

= -60/9

=-6.67

>The output of the transformer in the previous question is used as the input to the amplifier.
Calculate the values to which the output of the amplifier varies

 Solution

Vout = Ao x (Vin)

= 6.67 x 7x10-6

= 4.67x10-5V

Therefore the output of the opamp is from -4.67x10-5V to + 4.67x10-5V

>Describe how it is possible for to obtain a square wave output from a square wave input.

 Solution

The output of the amplifier is limited by the supply voltage. In this case the upper limit is
+9kV and the lower is –9kV. By adjusting the gain of the amplifier through adjusting the
values of the feedback resistor and input resistor a square wave can be obtained from the
sine wave by causing the output to saturate whenever the input reaches a certain value.