LEBANESE UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Computers and Communications Networking Engineering

Telecom training In

Name: Omar Awada

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Table of Contents
Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Alfa Biography: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Chap(I):Gsm in general :.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Cell Concept ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. Architecture of a GSM mobile radio network ............................................................................................................. 5
2.1- The radio BSS (Base Station Sub-system): ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2- The network subsystem NSS (Network Station Sub-system): ................................................................................. 6
2.3- The operational subsystem OSS (Operating Sub-System): ...................................................................................... 7
2.4-interfaces: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Chap(II): ALFA 2G ,3G,LTE networks: .................................................................................................................................... 8
1. Alfa 2G RAN (Radio Access Network): ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.1- 2G RAN Network Elements:................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2- Ericsson BSC and BTS(logical view): .................................................................................................................. 10
1.3- NSN(Nokia Siemens Networks) BSC,TCS3i,BTS:..................................................................................................... 14
2. Main Radio Parameters: ........................................................................................................................................... 18
3. ALFA 3G Networks:.................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1- Primary Requirements of a 3G Network:............................................................................................................... 20
3.2- Functions of Node B (Base Station): ....................................................................................................................... 21
3.3- Logical Roles of the RNC: ....................................................................................................................................... 21
4. LTE: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
5. Site visite : ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.1- RBS 2106 Hardware overview: .............................................................................................................................. 24
5.2- Distribution switch Unit (DXU):.............................................................................................................................. 26
5.3- Combining and Distribution Unit (CDU):................................................................................................................ 27
5.4- Transceiver Unit (TRU): .......................................................................................................................................... 28
5.5- Connection Switch Unit (CXU): ............................................................................................................................. 29
Chap(III): My Personal Tasks: ................................................................................................................................................ 30
1- ABIS Plan: .................................................................................................................................................................. 30
2- Resolving Alarms coming from bts’s and Bsc’s: ........................................................................................................ 33
3- NodeB Integration: .................................................................................................................................................... 38
4- Rehoming: ................................................................................................................................................................. 39
5- TG Integration: .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
6- Neighbors relationship(3G): ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 42
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Introduction:

The institute university of technology in Lebanon gives a chance to their students to spend 8 weeks in many
companies. This training gives students the opportunity to practice the theories they have learned.
So After I finished my 3rd year, It was essential to do a training, to gain the right experience in work domain.
I decided to do it in “Alfa Orascom Telecom” because I believe it is the best place to get experience and be motivated in
telecommunication field.
My training program was in the period from Monday, 18 March 2013 till Friday , 17 May 2013.
My main project was based on “Abis-Plan” because Alfa was very interested to organize the used and unused E1.
To achieve this project, i used many Ericson command, And My secondary projects were: resolving alarms coming from
BTS and BSC, TG Integration, NodeB integration, Neighbor’s Relationship, Rehoming .

Alfa Biography:
Reiterating its commitment towards the growth of the telecom sector in Lebanon, Orascom Telecom announced
that it has signed with the Lebanese Ministry of Telecom the extension of its management contract of Lebanon’s first
mobile network, known as “Alfa,” for one year as of February 1st, 2011.
The renewal of the contract is an opportunity for Orascom Telecom to execute the long-term development plans and
projects it is planning for the telecom sector in Lebanon, and on top of those, comes the introduction of the third
generation mobile communication technology (3G) in Lebanon. This, in addition, to introducing a new variety of services,
expanding Alfa’s coverage to new regions, and spreading the outreach of information technology services to all over
Lebanon.

It’s worth mentioning that “Orascom Telecom Holding” (OTH) is the international leading mobile operator in the Middle
East, Africa and South Asia and counts almost 98 million subscribers.

Alfa is the brand name of the first Lebanese mobile network managed by “Orascom Telecom Holding” (OTH)
since February 2009.

Alfa capitalizes on OTH expertise in the telecom field in order to deliver a global and professional solution for the GSM
sector in Lebanon. Alfa has more than 1.2 million subscribers.

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Chap(I):Gsm in general :

1. Cell Concept

A radiotelephone system uses a radio link between the portable mobile terminal (MS station) and the
telephone network. The radio link between the mobile phone and the network must be of sufficient quality,
which requires the establishment of a set of base stations (BTS) on the territory that is to be covered, so that
the terminal is still within few kilometers from one of them.

What is called a cell, that is the surface on which the mobile phone can establish a connection with a given
base station. Principle is to divide the region into a number of cells served by a radio relay (BTS) of low power,
emitting at frequencies different from those used in neighboring cells. These cells must be continuous on the
surface covered. Obviously, the number of frequencies allocated to the GSM system is limited, the operator is
required to reuse the same frequencies in cells that are sufficiently distant so that two communications using
the same frequency does not interfere is.

The hexagon is the regular form that most closely resembles the circle and can juxtapose leave fields blank.
However, the reality on the ground is quite different from the theoretical model, particularly in urban areas
where there are many obstacles linear propagation.

The hexagonal grid can meet the following conditions:

· Size of identical cells, so even coverage and distribution homogeneous priori Traffic on each of the cells.

· Improved coverage and quality of service (for example, a service can be Indoor Deep got downtown by
strengthening inter-site distances).

· Applying a pattern of regular frequency reuse, in order to ensure better C / I (ratio of useful signal power of
the base station on the total power Interference) according to the reuse distances.

· For the same strain of frequency reuse trisectoral sites are preferred the omnidirectional configurations. The
diagram below shows the data geometric standard on Trisectoral sites.

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 2. Architecture of a GSM mobile radio network

GSM is divided into 3 main Networks and interfaces between each others:

2.1- The radio BSS (Base Station Sub-system):

Its main function is to manage the allocation of radio resources, regardless of subscribers of their
identity or their communication. We distinguish in the BSS:

The BTS (Base Transceiver Station): Base Transceiver Station contains all transceivers called TRX connected to
the cell and whose function is to transmit and receive information on the radio channel by providing a physical
interface between the mobile station and the BSC. BTS has a series of functions described here in after :

· Measures interference on none allocated to communications (idle channels) channels.

· Measures on the uplink (uplink), used for the handover decision algorithm.

· Calculation of Timing Advance (ahead of time) for time synchronization, according to distance from the BTS
mobile.

· Detection of access requests received on the mobile common control channel (RACH).

· Detection of handover access messages (HO ACCESS).

· The ability to manage the full rate and half rate channels.

· The functions of radio channel decoding full rate (16 kbps) or half rate (8 kbps) for channel at 64 kbps

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2.2- The network subsystem NSS (Network Station Sub-system):

It mainly supplies the switching and routing.

The MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center):

The Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is the central element of the NSS. It runs through the information received
by the HLR and VLR, the startup and management of coding all direct calls and from different types of
networks. It also develops gateway functionality compared to other system components and process
management handover, and ensures the dial in progress between different BSC or another MSC.

Other key features of the MSC are described below:

· Authentication of the originator of the call.

· The discretion as to the identity of the user, in order to guarantee the reservation of the identity of the radio
channel.

· The process of handover: A user may, on the GSM network, continue to use the service even when, during a
conversation, he crossed the boundaries of the cell in which it is located. There may be two cases:

1. The MS moves into a still controlled by the same MSC cell, in which case the process handover is managed
by the same MSC.

2. The new cell in which the MS is changing, under the control of another MSC, in the case This handover
process is performed by two MSC on the basis of readings performed signal by the BTS from the MS receivers.

The HLR (Home Location Register):

When a user subscribes to a new subscription to the GSM network, all information concerning
identification are stored on the HLR. Its mission is to provide the VLR some data relating to subscribers, from
the moment they move from one lease area to another.

The Visitor Location Register (VLR):

is a database that stores temporarily the data for all subscribers belonging to the geographic area it
controls.

These data are requested to the HLR to which the subscriber belongs.

Specifically it contains the following information:

· Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI), it is used as a guarantee of safety

· IMSI and is assigned to each change in LA.

· The condition of the MS (idle, busy, off)

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· The Location Area Identity (LAI), which includes the MS part of the control group by MSC / VLR.

The AUC (Authentication Center):

The Authentication Centre is a function of the system is to check if the service is requested by an authorized
subscriber, and this is by providing for authentication codes for encryption.

Authentication is done routinely whenever the MS connects to the network and precisely in the following
cases:

· Whenever the MS receives or makes a call.

. At each update of the position of the MS (location updating).
· Each application for activity, cessation of activity or the use of services Additional.

2.3- The operational subsystem OSS (Operating Sub-System):

It provides management and network monitoring. This is the function whose implementation is left with the
most freedom in the GSM standard. Network monitoring occurs at many levels:

· Trouble shooting.
· Commissioning of sites.
· Change setting.
· Creation of statistics.

In OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center), there are WTO / R (Radio) which is connected to all entities in
the BSS through the BSC, the WTO / S (System) which is connected to the system under NSS through the MSC.
Finally, the WTO / M (Maintenance) control / WTO and WTO R / S.

2.4-interfaces:

The Um interface

It is the interface between the MS and the BTS systems. It is commonly called "interface radio "or" air
interface ".

The A interface

It is the interface between the two sub BSS (Base Station Sub System) and NSS (Network

Sub System).

The Abis interface

It is the interface between the two components in BSS: BTS (Base Station Transceiver) and BSC (Base Station
Controller).
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Chap(II): ALFA 2G ,3G,LTE networks:

1. Alfa 2G RAN (Radio Access Network):

Topics :
2G RAN Network Elements.

2G RAN Interfaces.

Ericsson BSC and BTS.

NSN BSC/TCSM and BTS.

Main Radio Parameters.

Main Changes on Node level.

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1.1- 2G RAN Network Elements:

The 2G RAN is divided into the following functional units:

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

The BTS is the radio equipment needed to serve at least one cell.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

The BSC controls and supervises a number of BTS’s. It handles the administration of cell data, the locating
algorithm and orders handover.

Transcoder Controller (TRC)

The TRC controls and supervises the transcoder resources.

Combined BSC/TRC

The BSC/TRC is a combined TRC and BSC node.

Interfaces

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1.2- Ericsson BSC and BTS(logical view):

Ericsson BSC:

The AXE is Ericsson switching system. This system is divided into two parts:

APZ the control part that contains the software programs required for controlling the operation of the APT
switching part. The physical units of APZ are:

Central Processor (CP)

Regional Processor (RP)

IO system (IOG or APG)

APT the switching part that handles all the telecommunication switching functions. The main physical units of
APT are:

Group Switch (GS)

Exchange Terminal (ET)

Signaling Terminal (ST)

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 Central Processor (CP): it performs the high level, non-routine processing tasks and stores the programs
for all the function blocks in the BSC.

Regional Processor (RP): are used for routine repetitive processing. They connect all the units to the CP
thru the RP Bus. The physical board is RP4 (BSC old HW) or RPSCB (BSC new HW).

Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU): it is used for transcoding speech and for rate adaptation.
The physical board of TRA is CSPB.

Transceiver Handler (TRH): it implement LAPD signaling (Link Access Protocol on D-channel) between
the BSC and BTS for both CF and TRX. The physical board of TRH is RPG2, RPG3 or GARP.

Exchange Terminal Circuit (ETC): are used as the interface to MSC (RALT), BTS (RBLT) and SGSN (RTGLT).
The physical board is ETC5 or ET155 (for STM1 connection).

Signaling System #7 (SS7): is used for signaling between BSC and MSC. The physical board is RPG2 or
RPG3 or RPP (for HSL).

Group Switch (GS): is used to connect the various devices on the different interfaces to each other.

Packet Control Unit (PCU): it handles the GPRS traffic in the BSC. The PCU distributes data packets
between the Gb-interface and the A-bis interface. The physical board for PCU is RPP or GARP.

Adjunct Processor (AP): is IO system for the CP APG (Adjunct Processor group).
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Ericsson BTS (Logical View):

The MO (Managed Object) is a logical representation of hardware units and software in the RBS. However,
hardware units may actually be shared between MOs of different classes. These classes include:

Transceiver Group (TG)

Every BTS has a defined TG represent it.

The Central Function (CF)

The CF is the control part of a TG. It is a software function, handling common control functions within a TG.
There is one CF defined per TG.

Concentrator (CON)

The CON (also known as the LAPD Concentrator) is used by the optional feature LAPD Concentration for
RBS 2000.Therefore, the CON, as an MO, is itself optional. There is one CON defined per TG.

Interface Switch (IS)

The IS provides a system interface to the PCM links and cross-connects individual timeslots to specific
transceivers .there is one IS defined per TG.

Timing Function (TF)

The TF extracts synchronization information from the PCM links and generates a timing reference for the
RBS. There is one TF defined per TG.

Transceiver Controller (TRX)

The TRXC controls all the functions for signal processing, radio reception, and radio transmission. In a
normal configuration, each TRXC (also known as TRX)corresponds to one TRU. There can be up to 16 TRXCs
defined per TG.

Transmitter (TX)& Receiver (RX)

The mo representing the transmitter functions – for example, transmitted power and frequency on the
bursts sent – is called the TX. The RX represents the radio receiving functions. There can be up to 16 TXs
and RXs defined per TRXC.

Time Slots (TS)

Time slot structure is the division of a time slot period into different fields (information parts). Slot
structure fields include a preamble for synchronization, control header, user data, signaling data,
anderror detection.

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 A single Time Slot transmission is called a radio burst. Four types of radio bursts are defined in the
GSM system; normal burst, shortened burst, frequency correction burst, and synchronization burst.

The time period for a GSM time slot is 577 microseconds. Time slots include ramp up and ramp down
periods to minimize rapid changes in radio transmitter power. The ramp up and ramp down time is
used to reduce unwanted radio emissions that occur from rapidly changing signals.

Normal Burst - A normal burst is used for normal communication between the mobile device and the
base station. Each normal burst can transfer 114 bits of user information data (after error protection is
removed).

Random Access Burst (Shortened Burst) is a short 88 bit transmission burst that is used to request
access to the GSM system. Mobile devices use a shortened burst when transmitting an access request
to the GSM system to avoid the possibility of burst overlap with transmission bursts in adjacent time
slots.

Frequency Correction Burst - is a time slot of information that contains a 142 bit pattern of all “0”
values. The reception and decoding of the frequency correction burst allows the mobile device to
adjust (frequency correct) its timing so it can better receive and demodulate the radio channel.

Synchronization Burst - is a transmission burst that contains system timing information. It contains a
78 bit code to identify the hyperframe counter. The synchronization burst follows the frequency
correction burst

 Digital Path(DP)
Digital path Layer 1 reception and transmission are not part of the BTS logical model. However ,
each of the PCM systems terminating in the TG has an associated managed object known as the DP.
Reports of transmission faults and supervision of transmission quality are carried over the
A-bis O&M interface.
That signaling is described using the DP. There can be up to four DPs defined per TG.

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1.3- NSN(Nokia Siemens Networks) BSC,TCS3i,BTS:

The DX 200 is the NSN platform used for GSM exchanges (BSC, TCSM, MSC…). It’s based on cartridge and plug-
in unit concept.

The DX 200 is a modular system. Each module has his own Computer Unit (CPU). Each CPU has his own IP
address.

The communication and data transfer between the CPUs is done through an internal Ethernet LAN (EMB:
Ethernet Message Bus).

The DX 200 hardware used in Alfa network are BSC3i and TCSM3i or a combined BSC3i/TCSM3i.

NSN BSC:

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 Bit Group Switch (GSWB): makes the switching function for traffic, SS7 signaling, LAPD and internal
signaling. The Bit Group Switch switches on 8, 16, 32 and 64 Kbit/s level.
Marker and Cellular Management Unit (MCMU): the Marker function is to controls and supervises the
GSWB and the Cellular Management function is to control and supervise the cellular network for circuit
switched traffic.
Base station Controller Signaling Unit (BCSU): controls the BTS power and handover algorithms, and
assure the SS7 towards MSC and LAPD toward the BTS (BCFSIG and TRXSIG). One BCSU can handle
traffic for up to 200 TRX, and one BSC3i can controls up to 10 BCSU.
Packet Control Unit (PCU): controls and supervises the cellular network for packet switched traffic, and
manage the GPRS radio connections.
Operation & Maintenance Unit (OMU): is the interface between the BSC and the user. The OMU
receives faults from the BSC and produce local alarms printouts and send the faults to NetAct.
Message Bus (MB): is used for the communication between the different computer units (MCMU, BCSU
and OMU).
Clock and Synchronization unit (CLS): distributes timing reference signals to the different units of the
BSC. It is synchronized to an external source (MSC or MGW) thru four PCM (one active and others for
redundancy), these PCM are: 512, 528, 576 and 592.
Exchange Terminal (ET): are the physical interfaces of the BSC and TCSM to connect them to each
other and to connect them to MSC (A interface), SGSN (Gb interface) and BTS (Abis interface).

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NSN TCS3i:

The main functionalities of TCSM3i are:

Rate adaptation.
A interface circuit pool.
64Kbit/s channel through connection.
Speech codec (FR, EFR, HR, AMRFR and AMRHR).
Noise suppression.
Discontinuous transmission.

One TCSM3i functional unit can handle maximum four TC-PCM on A interface (120 circuits).

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 NSN BTS:

NSN BTS is logically represented by the following block diagram:

BCF (Base Central Function)

SEG (Segment)
BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
TRX (Transmit Receive unit)
TSL (Radio Time Slot)
One BCF is one or more SEG/BTS.
It can handle up to 24 TRX.

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 2. Main Radio Parameters:

EDAP: EDGE Dynamic Abis Pool (Dedicated EDGE resources on Abis interface).

BTS Power: Transmit power of the BTS.

BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel. Broadcasts cell specific information to the MS.

SDCCH: Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel. Used for system signaling during call setup or
registration, paging, as well as the transmission of SMS.

TCH: Traffic Channel. Radio time slot (frequency).

BSIC: Base Station Identity Code.

FR/HR: Full rate / Half Rate radio time slot.

Neighbor relations: Relation between 2 cells used for Hand Over.

LAC: Location Area Code (CS location update and paging).

RAC: Routing Area Code (PS location update and paging).

TRA POOL reconfiguration: reconfiguration of transcoder of Ericsson BSCSs.

Adding or modifying licenses.

New feature activation.

SW update: updating the existing SW on BSC or BTS.

SW upgrade: replacing the existing SW by a newer one on BSC or BTS.

Integration of new site or new sector.

Extension of an existing site.

BSC expansion: adding new HW to the BSC to increase its capacity.

Site rehoming or swap: moving a site from a BSC to another one.

E1 function change: changing the E1 type from an interface to another.

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 3. ALFA 3G Networks:

 Introduction to WCDMA
 Why WCDMA ?
 Evolution from 2G to 3G
 WCDMA / UMTS Architecture

 Introduction to WCDMA:
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is a CDMA Channel that is four times wider than
the current channel that are typically used in 2G Networks.
As well as supporting conventional voice, text and MMS services, WCDMA can carry data at high
speeds, enabling mobile operators to deliver richer mobile multimedia services such as music-on-
demand, TV and video streaming and broadband Internet access.

 Why WCDMA ?
The significant increase in subscribers and traffic requires large Bandwidth. The answer to the capacity
and Bandwidth demand is the provision of new spectrum and the development of a new technology –
Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
WCDMA was developed in order to create a global standard for real time multimedia services that
ensured international roaming.

 Evolution from 2G to 3G:

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  WCDMA / UMTS Architecture:

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Overview:

Two Distinct Elements :

• Base Stations (Node B).
• Radio Network Controllers (RNC).

1 RNC and 1+ Node Bs are grouped together to

form a Radio Network Sub-system (RNS)

Handles all Radio-Related Functionality

• Soft Handover
• Radio Resources Management Algorithms

3.1- Primary Requirements of a 3G Network:

Fully specified and world-widely valid,

major interfaces should be standardized and open.

Supports multimedia and all of its components.

Wideband radio access.

Services must be independent from radio access technology and is not limited by the network
infrastructure.

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3.2- Functions of Node B (Base Station):

Air Interface L1 Processing (Channel Coding, Interleaving, Rate Adaptation, Spreading, etc.)

Basic RRM, e.g. Inner Loop Power Control.

3.3- Logical Roles of the RNC:

Controlling RNC (CRNC)

Responsible for the load and congestion
control of its own cells

Serving RNC (SRNC)

Terminates : Iu link of user data, Radio
Resource Control Signaling
Performs : L2 processing of data to/from
the radio interface, RRM operations
(Handover, Outer Loop Power Control)

Uu Iu

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 4. LTE:

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 5. Old infrastructure of Sites :

Some Types of old RBS’s:

A) RBS2000

B) RBS2202

C) RBS2106

5.1- RBS 2106 Hardware overview:

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 RBS 2000 HARDWARE:

The RBS 2000 series is based on standardized hardware units called Replaceable Units
(RU).The major RU’s are:
(1) Distribution switch Unit (DXU)

(2) Transceiver Unit (TRU)

(3) Combining and Distribution Unit (CDU)

(4) Power Supply Unit (PSU)

(5) Energy Control Unit (ECU)

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5.2- Distribution switch Unit (DXU):

The DXU performs the following tasks :

(1) Provides an interface to the BSC

(2) The Central Processing Unit (CPU) performs the resource management within the RBS2000 along with
being responsible for the software loading of the TRUs.The CPU also provides the interface to the Operation
and Maintenance Terminal (OMT) and the external alarms.

(3) The Central Timing Unit (CTU) extracts synchronization information from the A-bis link and uses it to
synchronize the base station timing with the network.Note that as an option the DXU can extract
synchronization information from an external source such as a Global Positioning System (GPS).

DXU 21:
• The transmission interface:
- Supporting four 2 Mbit E1 or 1.5Mbit T1
ports
- Total Capacity of up to 8 Mbit/s Abis
transmission
• Removable Flash Card for easy load of BTS SW
• Support for External Synchronization Bus, ESB
• Built in indoor EC-functionality
(No need for ECU in RBS 2x06)
HW Prepared to support EDGE modulation on
up to 12 TRXs

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5.3- Combining and Distribution Unit (CDU):

The CDU is the interface between the TRUs and the 2-way antenna system. The task of the CDU is to
combine signals to be transmitted from various transceivers and to distribute received signals to the receivers.
All signals are filtered before transmission and after reception using band pass filters.

A range of CDU type have been developed to support different configurations within the RBS2000
family.They consists of different types of CDUs, including:

o Without combiners

o With hybrid combiners

With filter combiners to support large configurations

Different types of CDUs:

CDU A

CDU C

CDU C+

Example: CDU C+ can combine 2 CDUs.

CDUs with duplex filters make it possible to transmit and receive using the same antenna.

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5.4- Transceiver Unit (TRU):
One TRU includes all functionality needed for handling one radio carrier ( i.e the 8 time slots in one
TDMA frame ).It is responsible for radio transmitting, radio receiving, power amplification and signal
processing.

The TRU contains a radio frequency test loop between the transmitter and the receiver.This facilitates
TRU testing by generating signals and looping them back.

TRU’s are connected by a bus to enable frequency hopping.Some RBS products can contain up to 6 TRUs.

Double Transceiver Unit, DTRU:

Two transceivers in one unit of the same size as the current single TRU.

Supporting E-GSM 800 & 900 & 1800 & 1900

Energy Control Unit (ECU)

The ECU controls and supervises the power equipment and regulates the environmental
conditions inside the cabinet.

The RBS2000 is pre-assembled at the factory including program load and parameter settings
making a quick startup possible.

Assembly can also be carried out on site.The RBS software is downloaded from the BSC and
stored in a non-volatile (flash memory) program store.In a working RBS,this flash memory keeps cell
down time low because traffic does not need to be interrupted. Power failure recovery can also be
done quickly.

Internal Distribution Module (IDM).

Actually IDM consists of many MCBs.These MCBs are used to protect all replaceable units from
severe sudden voltage fluctuations.

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5.5- Connection Switch Unit (CXU):

• Frequency independent

• Distributes RX from the CDUs to the dTRUs

• Built up with SW controlled switches

• Makes it possible to expand and reconfigure a RBS 2x06

without moving or replacing any RX cables, almost.

• Only one set of RX cables to cover all configurations

• Only one type of CXU to cover all configurations

with CDU-F, CDU-G

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Chap(III): My Personal Tasks:

ABIS Plan.
Resolving Alarms and use of commandes, NodeB integration, Rehoming, TG integration.

1- ABIS Plan:

The Abis-interface is the interface between the BTS and the BSC. The transmission rate is 2.048 Mbps, which is
partitioned into 32 channels of 64 Kbps each.
The compression techniques that GSM utilizes packs up to 8 GSM traffic channels into a single 64-Kbps channel.
GSM never specified the Abis-interface in every detail, as was
also the case with the B-interface (the interface between the MSC and the
VLR). The Abis-interface is regarded as proprietary, which leads to variations
in the Layer 2 protocol between manufacturers, as well as to different channel
configurations. The consequence is that, normally, a BTS from manufacturer A
cannot be used with a BSC from manufacturer B.

The interface between the BTS and BSC. Generally carried by a DS-1, ES-1, or E1 TDM circuit. Uses TDM
subchannels for traffic (TCH), LAPD protocol for BTS supervision and telecom signaling, and carries synchronization
from the BSC to the BTS and MS.

E1 circuits have been used widely in telephony (ISDN, GSM), datacom (leased lined, Frame Relay) and
synchronization of SDH and Mobile Networ nevertheless, the use of TDM / E-Carrier is declining since early 2000 when
Ethernet/IP begun to be used not only in LAN but also in WAN.

An E1 link operates over two separate sets of wires, usually Unshielded twisted pair (balanced cable) or
using coaxial(unbalanced cable). A nominal 3 volt peak signal is encoded with pulses using a method avoiding long
periods without polarity changes. The line data rate is 2.048 Mbit/s (full duplex, i.e. 2.048 Mbit/s downstream and
2.048 Mbit/s upstream) which is split into 32 timeslots, each being allocated 8 bits in turn. Thus each timeslot sends and
receives an 8-bit PCMsample, usually encoded according to A-law algorithm, 8000 times per second (8 × 8000 × 32 =
2,048,000). This is ideal for voice telephone calls where the voice is sampled at that data rate and reconstructed at the
other end. The timeslots are numbered from 0 to 31.
The E1 frame defines a cyclical set of 32 time slots of 8 bits. The time slot 0 is devoted to transmission
management and time slot 16 for signaling; the rest were assigned originally for voice/data transport.

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 We should define every BTS’S TG and Every TG can have an E1 or 2 E1’s to know which E1 is used in
which TG
/*That helps our Team to organize and knows the E1 used and not used */ .
There is a software named Citrix, Citrix is a software used to get access to BSC’s and BTS’s from
distance .

The command used in Citrix to search for the TG’s in an Ericson BSC is :

Rxtcp:moty=rxotg;

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 Then in every TG we search for the E1 used and his time slots using the command:

Rxapp:mo=rxotg-xx;

we make Excel, and we enter inside it every TG corresponds to which E1.

If we find the number of E1 is 5921 for example that’s give us

E1 used is 5921-1/32=185.

32 is the number of time slots in E1.

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2- Resolving Alarms coming from bts’s and Bsc’s:

Most useful Ericson commands :

BSC Commands
ALLIP; Alarm list

PLLDP; Processor load

DPWSP; CP state

CACLP; System clock

EXRPP:RP=rp; RP state

EXEMP:RP=rp,EM=em; EM state

C7LTP:LS=ALL; Signaling link state

GSSTP; Group switch state (old HW)

GDSTP; Group switch state (new HW)

NSSTP; Clock reference state (Synchronic)

RRTPP:TRAPOOL=ALL; Transcoder pool state

RP Repair (RP Fault):

REPRI:RP= rp; Diagnosis of the fault

REMRI:RP=rp,PCB=pcb; Manual intervention

RECRI:RP= rp; Repair fault

EM Repair (EM Fault):

REPRI:RP=rp,EM=em; Diagnosis of the fault

REMRI:RP=rp,EM=em,PCB=pcb; Manual intervention

RECRI:RP=rp,EM=em; Repair fault

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 Cell commands
RLCRP:CELL=cell; Cell resources

RLGRP:CELL=cell; GPRS cell resources

RLGSP:CELL=cell; GPRS data

RLSTP:CELL=cell; Cell state

RLSTC:CELL=cell,STATE=state; Cell state change

RLDEP:CELL=cell; Cell description data

RLCFP:CELL=cell; Frequency data

RLNCP:CELL=cell; Neighbour to cells

RLNRP:CELL=cell,CELLR=all,nodata; Neighbour relation data

RLMFP:CELL=cell; Measurement frequencies

RLCPP:CELL=cell; Power data

RLCHP:CELL=cell; Frequency hopping state

RLCHC:CELL=cell,HOP=on/off; Frequency hopping state change

RLDGP:CELL=cell; Channel group data

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 In Case of GPRS PROblem ( no data traffic):

Rlgrp:CELL=XXXX(Cell Name); to check status of GPRS.

First step we can look if the service was allowed on sector using this command:

RLGSE:CELL=XXXX(Cell Name); service end.

RLGSE:CELL=XXXX(Cell Name); service start.

Then if the problem still not fixed we try to halt and active the sector using this command :

Rlstc:CELL=XXXX(Cell Name),STATE=HALTED;
Rlstc:CELL=XXXX(Cell Name),STATE=ACTIVE;

If the Problem still not fixed we can reload the sector using :

Rxbli:mo=rxotg-(TG Nbr),subord,force;( To Block the Hardwars).

Rxble:mo=rxotg-(TG Nbr);( To activate the Hardwars).

In Case of RP Problem (RP Fault) :

Exrpp:rp=ALL; ( .. To Check the faulty RP .. ).

Repri:rp=XXX; (.. The faulty RP Needed Action .. ).
Remri:rp=XXX; (.. Repair the selected RP .. ).
Recri:rp=XXX; (.. Restart the RP board ..).
Blrpi:RP=A; (.. Blocking the RP ..).
Blrpe:rp=A; (.. Unblocking the RP ..).

To check no. of sites down in Particular BSC:-

Run: RLCRP:CELL=ALL;
Check if : BCCH=0,site is down

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 RADIO TRANSMISSION TRANSCODER AND RATE ADAPTOR FAULT :

SNT CARD DEV REASON

RTTGS-11 TRAB RTTGD-2939 TRA CHANNEL FAULT

END

solution:

STDEP:DEV=RTTGD-2930&&-2950;

<<<<>>>>>>><<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>><<<<<<<>>>>>>>

RTTGD-2932 H'FF BUSY H'03 PC

RTTGD-2933 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2934 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2935 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2936 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2937 H'F3 BUSY H'03 PC

RTTGD-2938 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2939 BLOC ABL H'04 NP

RTTGD-2940 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2941 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2942 IDLE H'10 NP

RTTGD-2943 IDLE H'10 NP

RTTGD-2944 H'FF BUSY H'03 PC

RTTGD-2945 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2946 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2947 BUSY H'03 NP

RTTGD-2948 BUSY H'03 NP

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rrtbi:dev=rttgd-2937,force;

RADIO TRANSMISSION MANUAL BLOCKING OF TRANSCODER DEVICES RESULT

EV IDEV RESULT

RTTGD-2937 DEVICE BUSY

RTTGD-2938

RTTGD-2939

RTTGD-2940

RTTGD-2941

END

rrtbe:dev=rttgd-2937;

RADIO TRANSMISSION MANUAL DEBLOCKING OF TRANSCODER DEVICES RESULT

DEV IDEV RESULT

RTTGD-2937 EXECUTED

RTTGD-2938

RTTGD-2939

RTTGD-2940

RTTGD-2941

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3- NodeB Integration:

The engineer connects to the RBS directly and runs On-Site

scripts through RBS Element Manager

OAM(operation and maintenance) script :

We define:

Iub IP, SubnetMask, defaultRouter

HO417_OAM.txt
OAM IP, SubnetMask, defaultRouter

ntpServerIpAddress

Site Equipment script:

We must define in xml file :

SiteName and LogicalName

SectorData: Latitude, longitude, beamDirection

HO417_Site_Equipment.txt
CellNumber and CellIdendity

AntennaConfiguration: Tilts, Frequencies

ExternalAlarmUnit: Sau, Scu.

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4- Rehoming:

Enter RTR tool: On the Common Explorer main menu, select Tools, then select Reparent RBS.

RBS Selection Pane:

Select the required RBS in the Available RBSs tree, right-click and then click Reparent from.

Select the required RNC in the Target RNCs list, right-click, and then click Reparent to.

Selection Details Tab

View information about the selected RBS to be reparented.

Specify the IubLink.rbsId (Target RBS Id).

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 Reparenting Options Dialog

Select Outgoing Relation Creation as cut over point

This Cut-Over option activates only UtranCell, Channel, Coverage Relation and Outgoing Relation
creation in the first activation.

Deleting UtranCells and their subordinate MOs and updating relations that had a recently moved
UtranCell as its neighbor cell are done in the second activation since they affect existing cell
configuration.

Cut-Over options:

If the first activation of the reparenting plan is to be done as a

preconfiguration step, then do not select the automatic lock

option as this would affect traffic during preconfiguration.

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5- TG Integration:

To integrate a TG we must load the corresponding Xml file with the following steps :
!*****Choose DIP AND DEV *****!

!***** TG DEFINE *****!

!***** CF,TF,IS DEFINE *****!

!***** TRX DEFINE *****!

!***** TX DEFINE *****!

TG data.txt
!***** RX DEFINE *****!

!***** TS DEFINE *****!

!***** CONNECT TG TO CHGR *****!

!***** MO DEBLOCK *****!

!***** CELL ACTIVATION *****!

6- Neighbors relationship(3G):

First step: we check the status of the two sites that needs neighbor relationship. For example between site
“hamra” and site “wardi”.

If the two sites are up and everything is functioning normal we take their “utrancell name” then we go to the
second step.

Second step: we create utrancell relation with this command:

Cr UtranCell=(Hamra-U1089)1B,UtranRelation=Hamra_wardi;

Enter MOldn:UtranCell=(Wardi-U2391)1C;

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Conclusion:

After 9 weeks of training at ALFA, I developed my skills and gain a lot of experience In telecom domain. where I
was involved in many projects :

Neighbors relationships (3G).

TG Integration.
Re-homing.
NodeB Integration.
Resolving Alarms coming from bts and Bsc.
ABIS Plan.

and I accomplished it with professionalism under the appreciated support which I got from ALFA team, They gave
me a lot of their Knowledge and Teach me about the 2G,3G and LTE ALFA Networks.

THANKS FOR ALFA.

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