1.

MY SQL server instance :- My sql server instance is created from background

processes and applications. It stays in memory and client requests coming in over
the network and accesses database contents according to those requests and
provides that to the clients.
2. My Sql client :- it is program that connect to the my sql server and issue queries
in a pre specified format. My sql is compatible with standards based SQL.
3. What is SQL ? What are different categories of command available in SQL?
Ans :- SQL stands for Structured Query Language .it is set of commands that is
recognized by nearly all RDBMS. SQL commands can be divided into following
categories.
• Data definition Language
• Data manipulation Language
• Transaction Control Language
• Session control Commands
• System Control commands.

4 DDL :- as the name suggests , it allow you to perform tasks related to data
definition. That is through these commands we can perform task like create ,alter
and drop objects. Grant and revoke privileges etc.
5 DML : as the name suggests, are used to manipulate data . That is Dml commands
query and manipulate data in existing objects.
6 Limits of MySQL :-
• The maximum number of tables that can be referenced in single join is 61.
• The number of tables that can be referenced in the definition of a view is
61.
• There is a hard limit of 4096 columns per table.
• Every table has a maximum row size of 65535 bytes.
7 What is transaction
Ans :- A transaction in MY SQL is a larger unit of database processing that contains one
or more database access operations like insertion ,deletion, retrieval and modification
operations.

These transaction are required to fulfill certain characteristics and they are :

Atomicity: The transaction is either performed entirely or not performed at all.

Isolation: The transaction should not be interfered by any other transaction executing
concurrently.
Durability: The changes made by the transaction should be permanently committed in
the database.
Consistency preservation: If the database was consistent before the execution of the
transaction .It should remain consistent after the complete execution of that transaction.

There are two types of transactions: explicit and implicit

Explicit are those that need to be specified like : commit and roll-back
Commit transaction signals that the transaction was successfully executed and the
changes/ updates (if any) made by the transaction have been committed to the database
and these changes cannot be undone.

Roll-back signals that the transaction was not successfully executed , and the
changes/updates made by the transaction have to be undone.

Implicit transactions are those that mark beginning and end of the transaction, each
statement like update, delete , insert run within these implicit transactions.,However, you
can explicitly specify the beginning and ending of the transaction by "begin transaction"
and "end transaction" statements respectively. All the statements within these two
boundaries will be marked as one transaction

8. Save Point :- Save point are special operations that allow you to divide the work of a
transaction into different segments. In case of a failure , we can execute rollbacks to the
savepoint only.
9. Set autocommit :- it means if we do not start transaction explicitly through a BEGIN or
START TRANSACTION command then every statement is considered one transaction
and is commited there and then . By default , My Sql has autocommit on.