You are on page 1of 9

  

QpPYLQV¬K›F

WU’Qˆ½FF‡°QJ 



 Q‚P WU‡ÇF QJ\  W“L 3K“QJ /’FK V¨ WKHR TX\¯W ˆ¸QK FËD %Ã

FKL¯Q NKX 9L°W %˜F WURQJ NK½L OÐD *L’RGÎF

FËDFXÃFNK’QJFKL¯QFKÂQJWKÓFGƒQ3K’S 9RWKÄLNÔQ\ˆ­ˆ’SÒQJ\„XF¡X[X¤W

[ƒP O‡ÈF YÇL W¡P QK±Q [D WU…QJ UÃQJ Y¬ EQ N¸S WKÄL F’F F…QJ WU±QK QJKL„Q FÒX

NK Q‚QJ WUL­Q Y¾QJ Y WL¬Q ˆ¿ Y‚Q K½D NKRDK¾FYF’F EÃO¸FK VÐGR …QJFKDWDˆ­

NKRD K¾F Q‡ÇF QK %DQ &K¤S KQK 7UXQJ O“L E„Q F“QK 7ƒS VDQ 1JKLlQ FªX 6¨ N¯ 

‡†QJ QJ ˆà UD 4X\¯W ˆ¸QK WKQK O¥S i’DO¯9jQK—F 6¨i’D9jQ ˆàUDVˆ¡X

%DQ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨  i’D O¯  9jQ K—F WL„Q WÏ WK’QJ  ˆ¯Q V  ˆ‡ÈF ˆÀL O

WUÓFWKXÃF7UXQJ‡†QJQJ 7ƒS VDQ 1JKLlQ FªX 9jQ 6¨ i’D 1‚P

6ÓUDˆÄLFËD%DQ1JKL„QFÒX/¸FKVÐ  %DQ 9‚Q 6Ð ˆ¸D WKQK O¥S 7™ ;X‚W

¸D O×  9‚Q K¾F VDX ˆÀL WKQK %DQ EvQ 6DX ˆ½ 7À FKX\­Q WKQK 1Ku [X‚W

1JKL„Q FÒX 9‚Q  6Ð  ¸D  ˆ’QK G¤X PÃW EvQ 9jQ 6¨ i’D WUÓF WKXÃF %DQ 1JKL„Q

E‡ÇF SK’W WUL­Q PÇL FËD NKRD K¾F [à KÃL FÒX9‚Q6Ё¸D

WURQJ ˆ½ F½ NKRD K¾F O¸FK VÐ Å Q‡ÇF WD L¬X NL°Q K¹D E±QK ˆà JLÍS FKR 3K¹QJ

7URQJ %DQ 1JKL„Q FÒX 9‚Q  6Ð  ¸D 7™ /¸FK VÐ SK’W WUL­Q /ÍF Q\ V O‡ÈQJ F’Q

/’FK V¨ ˆ½QJ YDL WU¹ WUXQJ WƒP 7URQJ V EÃQKƒQYL„QFËD3K¹QJ/¸FKVЈ‡ÈFW‚QJ

Q‚P WKQK YL„Q V’QJ O¥S Y OàQK ˆ“R FKË O„Q GR WL¯S QK¥Q ˆ‡ÈF PÃW V F’Q Eà WU·

FKÂWFËD%DQOÍF¤\F½EÂQWKQKYL„QFËD WKÒF WÏ TXƒQ ˆÃL FKX\­Q QJQK VDQJ WÏ

7À /¸FK VÐ J¿P 7U¡Q +X\ /L°X 7…Q .KX K¾F [’ 7UXQJ ‡†QJ Y¬ WÏ PL¬Q 1DP

4XDQJ 3KL°W 0LQK 7UDQK 7U¡Q ÒF W¥S N¯W UD %˜F 7Ï V O‡ÈQJ ·W »L EDQ ˆ¡X

7KR7U¡Q+X\/L°XO7U‡ÅQJ%DQˆ¿QJ J¿P  QJ‡ÄL OÍF PÇL WKQK O¥S ˆ¯Q Q‚P

WKÄL O QJ‡ÄL  WUÓF WL¯S SKÎ WU’FK 7™ O’FK 3K¹QJ/¸FKVÐWKXÃF%DQ1JKL„QFÒX

V¨ 9‚Q  6Ð  ¸D ˆà W‚QJ O„Q WKQK  QJ‡ÄL

Yˆ¯QQ‚PˆàF½WU„QQJ‡ÄL½O
1JD\ NKL K¹D E±QK O¥S O“L QJ\ 
VÓ SK’W WUL­Q ˆ’QJ N­ Y¬ OÓF O‡ÈQJ F’Q EÃ
 7UXQJ ‡†QJ QJ Y &K·QK SKË UD
3K¹QJ/¸FKVÐ
TX\¯W ˆ¸QK FKX\­Q %DQ 1JKL„Q FÒX 9‚Q 

6Ё¸DVDQJWUÓFWKXÃF%Ã*L’RGÎF.­WÏ 9R NKRQJ WKÄL JLDQ F’F Q‚P  Y

WKÄL JLDQ ˆ½ 7À /¸FK VÐ FKX\­Q WKQK  VÓ QJKL°S F’FK P“QJ FËD QKƒQ GƒQ



3*6769L°QWU‡ÅQJ9L°Q6ÐK¾F
Q~P9L¡Q6¼K«F 

WD F½ QKÑQJ E‡ÇF FKX\­Q EL¯Q TXDQ WU¾QJ K¾FÅQ‡ÇFWD9L°Fˆ¡XWL„QP9L°Q6ÐK¾F

µPL¬Q%˜FF…QJFXÃFNK…LSKÎFFLW“RY WKÓF KL°Q O FK‚P OR [ƒ\ GÓQJ Y SK’W

SK’W WUL­Q NLQK W¯ SK’W WUL­Q Y‚Q K½D Å WUL­QˆÃLQJÌF’QEÃNKRDK¾F[ƒ\GÓQJY

PL¬Q %˜F WKX ˆ‡ÈF QKÑQJ WKQK WÓX ˆ’QJ FËQJFÂWÀFKÒFFËD9L°Q7ÏQ‚Pˆ¯Q

N­ µ
 PL¬Q 1DP FXÃF ˆ¤X WUDQK FKÂQJ ˆ¯ Q‚P 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà [ƒ\ GÓQJ ˆ‡ÈF

TXÂF 0Ö [ƒP O‡ÈF Y WD\VDL FËDQKƒQGƒQ PÃWK°WKÂQJWÀFKÒFNK’KRQFK²QK*LÍS

WD ˆà FKX\­Q WÏ WK¯ JLÑ J±Q OÓF O‡ÈQJ VDQJ YL°F FKR 9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ Y¬ P W NKRD K¾F F½

WK¯ WL¯Q F…QJ PÅ ˆ¡X E•QJ SKRQJ WUR +ÃL ˆ¿QJ NKRD K¾F 9L°Q &’F WÀ FKÒF WUÓF

¿QJ NKÅL <„X F¡X FËD F’FK P“QJ FËD WKXÃF 9L°Q J¿P F½ 9‚Q SK¹QJ 9L°Q 1K

VÓ QJKL°S [ƒ\ GÓQJ Y ER Y° 7À TXÂF [X¤W EQ 6Ð K¾F VDX FKX\­Q WKQK 1K

WURQJ JLDL ˆR“Q PÇL ˆ¹L K»L SKL F½ PÃW WÀ [X¤W EQ .KRD K¾F ;à KÃL  7¹D VR“Q 7“S

FKÒFQJKL„QFÒXNKRDK¾FEDRJ¿PFNKRD FK· 1JKL„Q FÒX /¸FK VÐ Y F’F EDQ QJKL„Q

K¾F WÓ QKL„Q Y NKRD K¾F [à KÃL ’S ÒQJ FÒX NKRD K¾F /¸FK VÐ &À  7UXQJ ˆ“L 9L°W

\„X F¡X ˆ½ QJ\  &KË W¸FK Q‡ÇF 1DP /¸FK VÐ &¥Q ˆ“L 9L°W 1DP /¸FK VÐ

9L°W 1DP 'ƒQ FKË &ÃQJ K¹D ˆà N× 6˜F +L°Q ˆ“L 9L°W1DP /¸FKVÐ 7K¯JLÇL.KR

O°QKWKQKO¥S 8­EDQ.KRD K—F1KuQo F FÀ K¾F 'ƒQ WÃF K¾F %DQ 3KL„Q G¸FK +’Q 

WU«F WKXœF +œL p˜QJ &K‘QK SK£ 3K¹QJ 1…P

/¸FKVÐFÉQJYÇLF’FEÃSK¥QQJKL„QFÒXY¬
6 O‡ÈQJ F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q QJ\ FQJ
9‚Q K¾F ¸D O× FËD %DQ 1JKL„Q FÒX 9‚Q 
ˆ‡ÈF EÀ VXQJ WÏ QKL¬X QJX¿Q NK’F QKDX
6Ð  ¸D ˆ‡ÈF FKX\­Q WÏ %à *L’R GÎF VDQJ
FKË\¯XOWÏF’FWU‡ÄQJˆ“LK¾FWURQJQ‡ÇF
8ÕEDQ.KRDK¾F1KQ‡ÇF1J\
Y Q‡ÇF QJRL &½ WKÄL JLDQ V F’Q Eà FËD
7KË W‡ÇQJ &K·QK SKË UD F’F TX\¯W ˆ¸QK
9L°Q O„Q ˆ¯Q  QJ‡ÄL &KR ˆ¯Q QD\ 9L°Q
WKQK O¥S 9LQ 6¨ K—F Y 9LQ 9jQ K—F
6Ð K¾FF½J¡Q F’QEÃYL„QFKÒFOPYL°F
4X\¯Wˆ¸QK[’Fˆ¸QKQKL°PYÎFËD9L°Q6Ð
WURQJ  SK¹QJ EDQ QJKL„Q FÒX Y QJKL°S
K¾F O &jQ Fª YuR poQJ O›L F£D ivQJ Yu
YÎ EDR J¿P %DQ /¸FK VÐ &À  7UXQJ ˆ“L
&K‘QK SK£ QJKLlQ FªX O’FK V¨ WKHR TXDQ
9L°W 1DP %DQ /¸FK VÐ &¥Q ˆ“L 9L°W 1DP
pLŠP F£D FK£ QJKD 0xF  /lQLQ SK¦F Y¦
%DQ /¸FK VÐ +L°Q ˆ“L 9L°W 1DP %DQ /¸FK
V« QJKLS [k\ G«QJ FK£ QJKD [± KœL ž
VÐ ¸D SK‡†QJ Y FKX\„Q QJQK %DQ /¸FK
PL‰Q%}FYuV«QJKLSp‚XWUDQKWK«FKLQ
VÐ 7K¯ JLÇL 7“S FK· 1JKL„Q FÒX /¸FK VÐ
WK›QJ QK‚W Qo F QKu J–S SKQ YuR FXœF
3K¹QJ 7K…QJ WLQ7‡ OL°X7K‡ YL°Q 3K¹QJ
p‚X WUDQK FKR K“D EŽQK Yu FK£ QJKD [±
7À FKÒF &’Q Eà Y R W“R 3K¹QJ +QK
KœLWKŒJL L
FK·QK7ÀQJKÈS

7¥S VDQ 9‚Q6Ё¸D ˆ‡ÈF FKX\­QWKQK


&’FF’QEà OàQK ˆ“RFËD9L°Q6Ð K¾Fˆà
7“S FK· 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ F† TXDQ QJ…Q
TXD QKL¬X O¡Q WKD\ ˆÀL 7Ï NKL FK·QK WKÒF
OX¥Q FËD JLÇL VÐ K¾F 9L°W 1DP Y WUÓF
WKQK O¥S 9L°Q Q‚P  ˆ¯Q Q‚P 
WKXÃF 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F FÌQJ UD V ˆ¡X WL„Q WÏ
9L°Q 6Ð K¾F GR *6967U¡Q +X\/L°X OP
WK’QJQ‚P
9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 6DX NKL *6 7U¡Q +X\ /L°X

6Ó UD ˆÄL FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F WU„Q F† VÅ TXD ˆÄL WK’QJ   *696 1JX\®Q

3K¹QJ/¸FKVÐWKXÃF8ÕEDQ.KRDK¾F1K .K’QK 7RQ &KË QKL°P 8Õ EDQ .KRD K¾F

Q‡ÇF O PÃW E‡ÇF WL¯Q WU„Q FRQ ˆ‡ÄQJ [ƒ\ ;à KÃL NL„P QKL°P OP 9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 9L°Q

GÓQJPÃW9L°QQJKL„QFÒXˆ¡XQJQKY¬VÐ 6Ð K¾F 7L¯S ˆ½ WÏ Q‚P  ˆ¯Q Q‚P

  1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯

 O¡Q O‡ÈW *6 9‚Q 7“R *6 1JX\®Q 0ÃWVÂQKVÐK¾FQK‡*6967U¡Q+X\

+¿QJ 3KRQJ 3*6 &DR 9‚Q /‡ÈQJ OP /L°X *696 1JX\®Q .K’QK 7RQ *6

9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 7Ï Q‚P  ˆ¯Q QD\ 9L°Q R 'X\ $QK *6 7U¡Q 9‚Q *LX *6

6Ð K¾F GR 3*676 7U¡Q ÒF &‡ÄQJ OP 7U¡Q9‚Q*L’SWKXÃFWK¯K°ˆ¡XWL„QFËD

9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 0ÃW V QK NKRD K¾F VDX ˆƒ\ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆ¿QJ WKÄL FÌQJ WKXÃF WK¯ K°

ˆà WÏQJ JLÑ FKÒF 3K½ 9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 9L°Q 6Ð ˆ¡X WL„Q FËD Q¬QVÐK¾FP’F[·W9L°W1DP

K¾F *6 9‚Q 7“R *6 1JX\®Q &…QJ %±QK QKÑQJ QJ‡ÄL J½S SK¡Q ˆR W“R ˆÃL QJÌ F’Q

*676 3K“P ;XƒQ 1DP 3*6 &DR 9‚Q Eà NKRDK¾FWL¯SWKHR FËD9L°QWURQJˆ½F½

/‡ÈQJ 3*676 Á 9‚Q 1LQK 1K QJKL„Q QKL¬XK¾FWU¹ ‡XW͈àYˆDQJˆPQKL°P

FÒX'‡†QJ 7UXQJ4XÂF3*6767U¡QÒF YDL WU¹ Q¹QJ FÂW WURQJ QJKL„Q FÒX Y JLQJ

&‡ÄQJ 76 7U¡Q +ÑX ·QK 7Ï Q‚P  G“\ O¸FK VÐ Å PÃW V 9L°Q QJKL„Q FÒX Y

ˆ¯QQD\3*6761JX\®Q9‚Q1K¥WO3K½ 7U‡ÄQJ“LK¾F

9L°QWU‡ÅQJ9L°Q6ÐK¾F
9ÂQ NL¯Q WKÒF X\„Q WKƒP SKRQJ F’FK

7URQJTX’WU±QK[ƒ\GÓQJYSK’WWUL­Q OP YL°F NKRD K¾F F¡Q P£Q FËD F’F QK

9L°Q WK‡ÄQJ [X\„Q FK‚P OR W¥S KÈS [ƒ\ QJKL„Q FÒX N­ WU„Q NK…QJ QKÑQJ F½ W’F

GÓQJ Y ˆR W“R ˆÃL QJÌ FKX\„Q JLD Y¬ F’F ˆÃQJ QK K‡ÅQJ P“QK P© ˆÂL YÇL F’F WK¯

O¶QK YÓF F’F WKÄL NÔ O¸FK VÐ 7URQJ ˆÃLQJÌ K° Y¬ VDX FËD ˆÃL QJÌ F’Q Eà 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F

NKRD K¾F FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F QKL¬X QJ‡ÄL WUÅ P F¹Q J½S SK¡Q NK…QJ QK» YR VÓ SK’W

WKQK QKÑQJ FKX\„Q JLD ˆ¡X QJQK FËD WUL­QFËDQ¬QVÐK¾FQ‡ÇFQK

Q¬QVÐ K¾F P’F[·WÅ9L°W1DP&½WK­Q„X


.K…QJ FK² FK‚P OR YL°F [ƒ\ GÓQJ ˆR
O„Q W„Q WXÀL F’FFKX\„QJLD F½X\W·Q Y¬ F’F
W“RˆÃLQJÌF’QEÃNKRDK¾FFKRP±QK9L°Q
O¶QKYÓFF’FWKÄLNÔO¸FKVÐQK‡VDX
6Ð K¾F F¹Q J–S SKQ TXDQ WU—QJ YuR YLF

9‰ O’FK V¨ &™  7UXQJ pyL 9LW 1DP F½ KŽQK WKuQK Yu SKxW WULŠQ PœW V› Fn TXDQ

F’F FKX\„Q JLD ˆ¡X QJQK QK‡ *6 R QJKLlQFªXNKxFWKXœF7UXQJWkP.KRDK—F

'X\ $QK *6 7U¡Q 9‚Q *L’S *6 9‚Q ;±KœLYu1KkQYjQ4X›FJLD

7ƒQ*61JX\®Q+¿QJ3KRQJ*61JX\®Q
1‚PGR\„XF¡XSK’WWUL­QFËDF’F
ÀQJ &KL 1K QJKL„Q FÒX 1JX\®Q /‡†QJ
QJQK NKRD K¾F O¸FK VÐ 7À .KR FÀ K¾F Y
%·FK1KQJKL„QFÒX+RD%•QJ
7À 'ƒQ WÃF K¾F FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆ‡ÈF 1K

9‰ O’FK V¨ &ƒQ  +LQ pyL 9LW 1DP F½ Q‡ÇF FKR SKªS W’FK UD ˆ­ WKQK O¥S 9LQ

F’F FKX\„Q JLD ˆ¡X QJQK QK‡ *696 .KvR F™ K—F Y 9LQ 'kQ WœF K—F 1KÑQJ

7U¡Q +X\ /L°X *696 1JX\®Q .K’QK F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F WUÅ WKQK ˆÃL QJÌ

7RQ*67U¡Q9‚Q*LX1KQJKL„QFÒX Q¹QJ FÂW ˆ¡X WL„Q ˆ­ [ƒ\ GÓQJ KDL 9L°Q

0LQK 7UDQK 1K QJKL„Q FÒX 7…Q 4XDQJ QJKL„QFÒXQ\

3KL°W *6 9‚Q 7“R *6 1JX\®Q &…QJ


9RQKÑQJQ‚PVDXˆ½9L°Q6ÐK¾FWL¯S
%±QK3*6 %ÉL±QK7KDQK*6763K“P
WÎF FXQJ F¤S PÃW VÂ F’Q EÃ NKRD K¾F FKR
;XƒQ1DP3*6&DR9‚Q/‡ÈQJ
F’F9L°QQJKL„QFÒXYF’FF†TXDQFKX\„Q

9‰ O¯ OXƒQ Yu SKonQJ SKxS OXƒQ NKRD P…QNK’FQK‡9LQ1JKLlQFªXimQJ1DP

K—F O’FK V¨ F½ F’F FKX\„Q JLD ˆ¡X QJQK x 9LQ 7KmQJ WLQ .KRD K—F ;± KœL 9LQ

QK‡*67U¡QÒF7KR*61JX\®Q+¿QJ 1JKLlQ FªX +xQ 1mP 9LQ .KRD K—F ;±

3KRQJ KœL WyL 7KuQK SK› +˜ &K‘ 0LQK 7yS FK‘
Q~P9L¡Q6¼K«F 

.KRD K—F ;± KœL EzQJ WLŒQJ Qo F QJRuL WƒS iyL 9LW WKmQJ V¨ 4X›F WUL‰X KŽQK

9LQ;±KœLK—F OXƒW iyL 1DP OLW WUX\Q /l WUL‰X TXDQ

FKŒ .KkP p’QK iyL 1DP KœL pLŠQ V« O


7URQJ  Q‚P [ƒ\ GÓQJ Y SK’W WUL­Q

9LWV¨WKmQJJLxPFonQJP¦FiyL9LWp’D
9L°Q 6Ð K¾F OX…Q N¯W KÈS FK W FK© QKL°P

YÎ QJKL„Q FÒX F† EQ YÇL QJKL„Q FÒX ÒQJ Go WRuQ ELlQ 6¨ K—F E’ NKvR *LD i’QK

GÎQJ W·FK FÓF SKÎFYÎVÓQJKL°S[ƒ\GÓQJ WKuQK WKmQJ FK‘ +L°Q QD\ 9L°Q ˆDQJ

Y ER Y° 7À TXÂF 1JD\ F WURQJ QKÑQJ SKÂLKÈSYÇL1K[X¤WEQ*L’RGÎFW’LEQ

Q‚P FKL¯Q WUDQK SK’ KR“L FËDˆ¯TXÂF0Ö Eà iyL 1DP WK«F O¦F  W¥S  Y SKÂL KÈS

KR“W ˆÃQJ NKRD K¾F FËD 9L°Q NK…QJ QKÑQJ YÇL 7UXQJ WƒP %R W¿Q GL W·FK F ˆ… +X¯

NK…QJ JLP VÍW P WU’L O“L F¹Q ˆ‡ÈF W‚QJ KRQ FK²QK EQ G¸FK Y F…QJ EÂO¡Qˆ¡XEÃ

F‡ÄQJ 7yS FK‘ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ FK‡D V’FKiyL1DPKœLpLŠQV«O WÎFEL„Q J¿P

EDR JLÄ E¸ JL’Q ˆR“Q P Y£Q UD ˆ¬X NÔ N­ W¥S

F WURQJ QKÑQJ Q‚P FKL¯Q WUDQK SK’ KR“L


'RF½PÃWˆÃLQJÌF’QEÃF½WU±QKˆÃK¾F
’FOL°WFËDN¨WKÉ
Y¤Q FDR ODR ˆÃQJ F¡Q FÉ NL„Q QK£Q Q„Q
7·QK ˆ¯Q QD\ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà [X¤W EQ
QKÑQJ Eà V’FK Q½L WU„Q ˆà ˆ‡ÈF G¸FK UD
ˆ‡ÈF J¡Q  ˆ¡X V’FK WURQJ ˆ½F½ QKÑQJ
WL¯QJ 9L°W PÃW F’FK FKX¢Q [’F WUÅ WKQK
ˆ¡X V’FK J¿P KQJ FKÎF W¥S  UD ˆ‡ÈF 
F…QJFÎFËDJLÇLVÐK¾FYOF†VÅFKRW¤WF
VÂ 7yS FK‘ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ YÇL K†Q
QKÑQJ DL PXÂQ W±P KL­X QJKL„Q FÒX O¸FK
 OX¥Q Y‚Q WURQJ ˆ½ F½ QKL¬X F…QJ
VÐ9L°W1DP½F¹QOQKÑQJGLVQY…JL’
WU±QK J½S SK¡Q FXQJ F¤S OX¥Q FÒ NKRD K¾F
P …QJ FKD WD ˆ­ O“L JLÍS FKÍQJ WD QJKL„Q
FKR YL°F K±QK WKQK TXDQ ˆL­P ˆ‡ÄQJ OÂL
FÒX ˆ’QK JL’ QKÑQJJL’WU¸Y EQ V˜FFËD
FK·QKV’FKFËDQJY1KQ‡ÇF
Y‚QK½DGƒQWÃF

&’F KR“W ˆÃQJ NKRD K¾F FËD 9L°Q WURQJ


.K…QJ FK² WÀ FKÒF V‡X W¡P WK¢P ˆ¸QK
Q‚PTXDW¥SWUXQJYRPÃWVÂQÃLGXQJ
G¸FKWKX¥WY[X¤WEQF’FW’FSK¢PO¸FKVÐ
FK·QKVDXˆƒ\
GR…QJFKDWDˆ­O“L9L°Q6ÐK¾FˆàWÀFKÒF

 6‡X W™P QJKL„Q FÄX G¬FK WKXW EL„Q VR“Q FK²QK O× Y F…QJ E F’F Eà V’FK

Y F…QJ Eµ W‡ OL§X O¬FK V EL„Q VR“Q Y¬ W‡ OL°X O¸FK VÐ QK‡ 7uL OLX WKDP NKvR

F’FE¶V’FKF…QJFÀ O’FK V¨ FxFK PyQJ FƒQ pyL 9LW 1DP 

W¥S  &xFK PyQJ 7KxQJ 7xP  W¥S  %LlQ


9L°Q 6Ð K¾F O F† TXDQ NKRD K¾F OX…Q

QLlQ O’FK V¨ 9LW 1DP W§ &™ pyL pŒQ +LQ
FKÍ WU¾QJ YL°F QJKL„Q FÒX ˆ’QK JL’ Y

pyL W¥S 7KŒJL L1K©QJV«NLQO’FKV¨


NKDL WK’F F’F GL VQ O¸FK VÐ FËD GƒQ WÃF

WKŒ N­ ;;  W¥S  9LW 1DP  1K©QJ WKD\


7URQJ QKL¬X Q‚P 9L°Q ˆà WKX WK¥S JL’P

p™Lp’DGDQKYup’DJL LKuQKFK‘QK 
ˆ¸QKG¸FKWKX¥WYFKR[X¤WEQF’FEÃO¸FK

  &xFK PyQJ 7KxQJ 7xP  


VÐ FÀ E•QJ FKÑ +’Q P F’F WK¯ K° …QJ FKD

1K©QJV«NLQO’FKV¨
ˆ­ O“L 7URQJ V ˆ½ ˆ’QJ FKÍ × QK¤W O F’F

Eà QK‡ 9LW V¨ WKmQJ JLxP FonQJ P¦F  1KÑQJEÃV’FKF…QJFÎYW‡OL°XO¸FKVÐ

W¥S  iyL 9LW V¨ N¯ WRuQ WKo  W¥S  iyL Q½LWU„QWUÅWKQKFKÁGÓDˆ’QJWLQF¥\FKR

1DP QK‚W WK›QJ FK‘  W¥S iyL1DP WK«F YL°FW±PKL­XQJKL„QFÒXYJLQJG“\O¸FK

O¦F W¥S /’FKWUL‰XKLŒQFKonQJORyLFK‘ VЈ‡ÈFJLÇLVÐK¾FFÌQJQK‡ˆ…QJˆRE“Q

1JX\‹Q 7U±L WRuQ WƒS /l 4X¯ imQ WRuQ ˆ¾FKRDQQJK„QKYˆ’QKJL’FDR



  1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯

 1JKL„Q FÄX QKL£X YœQ ˆ£ F† EQ &’F W¥S WK…QJ VÐ Q½L WU„Q J½S SK¡Q YR

F½DO¬FKVÂ9L§W1DP YL°FW±PKL­XQJKL„QFÒXYJLQJG“\O¸FK

VÐ 9L°W 1DP ˆ‡ÈF JLÇL VÐ K¾F Y G‡ OX¥Q
7URQJ VXÂW FK QJ ˆ‡ÄQJ  Q‚P TXD
UÃQJUàLKRDQQJK„QK
9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà WÀ FKÒF V‡X W¡P [’F PLQK
1K•P ˆ’S ÒQJ \„X F¡X QJ\ FQJ FDR
W‡ OL°X O¸FK VÐ ˆ¿QJ WKÄL FKÍ WU¾QJ YL°F
FËD[àKÃLKL°QQD\9L°Q6ÐK¾FˆDQJEL„Q
QJKL„Q FÒX QKÑQJY¤Qˆ¬F†EQWURQJ O¸FK
VR“Q  W¥S WURQJ Eœ 7KmQJ V¨ 9LW 1DP 
VÐ GƒQ WÃFQKÑQJY¤Qˆ¬ YÏDF½×QJK¶DO×
W¥S/’FKV¨9LW1DPWKŒN­;9;9,/’FK
OX¥QYÏDF½×QJK¶DWKÓFWL®QVƒXV˜FQK‡
V¨ 9LW 1DP WKŒ N­ ;9,,;9,,, /’FK V¨
4X’ WU±QK K±QK WKQK GƒQ WÃF 9L°W 1DP
9LW 1DP  Y /’FK V¨ 9LW 1DP
9‚Q K½D  9‚Q PLQK 9L°W 1DP 9¬ K±QK

WK’L NLQK W¯  [à KÃL WURQJ O¸FK VÐ 9L°W

1DP /¸FK VÐ ˆ¤X WUDQK FKÂQJ QJR“L [ƒP %„Q F“QK YL°F QJKL„Q FÒX O¸FK VÐ 9L°W

FËD GƒQ WÃF 9L°W 1DP 1JKL„Q FÒX F’F Y¤Q 1DP 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F F¹Q WÀ FKÒF QJKL„Q FÒX

ˆ¬ Y¬ F…QJ QKƒQ WU· WKÒF Y¬ Q…QJ GƒQ YEL„QVR“QO¸FKVÐWK¯JLÇL+‡ÇQJQJKL„Q

Q…QJ QJKL°S Y Q…QJ WK…Q WURQJ O¸FK VÐ FÒX F† EQ FKË \¯X W¥S WUXQJ YR SKRQJ

9L°W1DP WUR ˆ¤X WUDQK FKÂQJ FKË QJK¶D WKÓF GƒQ

JLL SK½QJ GƒQ WÃF Å F’F Q‡ÇF WKXÃF ˆ¸D Y


9L°FQJKL„QFÒXOPV’QJU¼QKÑQJY¤Q
SKÎ WKXÃF Y O¸FK VÐ PÃW V Q‡ÇF OÇQ WU„Q
ˆ¬ F† EQ WURQJ O¸FK VÐ 9L°W 1DP QJRL
WK¯JLÇL
PÎF ˆ·FK SKÎF YÎ N¸S WKÄL F…QJ FXÃF [ƒ\

GÓQJYERY°ˆ¤WQ‡ÇFF¹QQK•PWL¯QWÇL .K…QJ FK² ˆ¢\ P“QK YL°F QJKL„Q FÒX

EL„Q VR“Q Eà 7KmQJ V¨ 9LW 1DP W§ NKžL O¸FK VÐ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F F¹Q J½S SK¡Q K‡ÇQJ

WK£\ FKR pŒQ QJu\ QD\ 7U‡ÇF ˆƒ\ G‡ÇL VÓ G£Q E¿L G‡ÆQJ O× OX¥Q Y SK‡†QJ SK’S

FK² ˆ“R WUÓF WL¯S FËD *696 1JX\®Q EL„QVR“QO¸FKVÐFKRF’Fˆ¸DSK‡†QJYF’F

.K’QK 7RQ &KË QKL°P 8Õ EDQ .KRD K¾F QJQK1KL¬XOÇSE¿LG‡ÆQJY¬FKX\„QP…Q

;à KÃLNL„P9L°QWU‡ÅQJ9L°Q 6ÐK¾FPÃW FKR F’F F’Q Eà O¸FK VÐ ˆ¸D SK‡†QJ Y

V QK VÐ K¾F WURQJ Y QJRL 9L°Q ˆà WKÓF FKX\„Q QJQK ˆà ˆ‡ÈF WÀ FKÒF Å F PL¬Q

KL°Q YL°F EL„Q VR“QEà /’FKV¨9LW 1DP  %˜F Y PL¬Q 1DP ˆ’S ÒQJ PÃW SK¡Q \„X

W¥S  W¥S , ˆà [X¤W EQ Q‚P  W¥S ,, F¡X FËD SKRQJ WUR QJKL„Q FÒX Y EL„Q

ˆ‡ÈF [X¤W EQ Q‚P  Y KL°Q QD\ ˆDQJ VR“Q O¸FK VÐ ˆ¸D SK‡†QJ Y FKX\„Q QJQK

KRQWKQKEQWKRW¥S,,, ˆDQJF½FKL¬XK‡ÇQJSK’WWUL­Q

7URQJ NKRQJ P‡†L Q‚P J¡Q ˆƒ\ 9L°Q 0ÃWˆL¬XF¡QQ„XU¼O1JD\WÏNKLPÇL

6Ð K¾F ˆà WÀ FKÒF EL„Q VR“Q PÃW V W¥S WKQK O¥S 7À /¸FK VÐ Y VDX ˆ½ O 3K¹QJ

WURQJ Eà 7KmQJ V¨ 9LW 1DP WKHR TX\ P… /¸FK VÐ U¿L 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà U¤W TXDQ WƒP

ˆ¬ WLF¤S%Ã0ÃWVÂW¥Sˆà ˆ‡ÈF [X¤WEQ [ƒ\GÓQJ7K‡YL°QFKX\„QQJQKFËDP±QK

J¿P/’FKV¨9LW1DPW§NKžLWK£\pŒQWKŒ QK•P SKÎF YÎ F½ KL°XTXF…QJ W’F QJKL„Q

N­ ;/’FKV¨9LW 1DPWKŒ N­;;9/’FK FÒXVÐK¾F&KRˆ¯QQD\7K‡YL°Q9L°Q6Ð

V¨9LW1DP/’FKV¨9LW1DP K¾F ˆà [ƒ\ VÓQJ ˆ‡ÈF QKÑQJ NKR V’FK TX×

 /’FK V¨ 9LW 1DP    KL¯P O‡X JLÑ KQJ Y“Q ˆ¡X V’FK W“S FK·

/’FKV¨9LW1DP WURQJ Y QJRL Q‡ÇF SKÎF YÎ ˆ˜F OÓF FKR
Q~P9L¡Q6¼K«F 

F…QJ W’F QJKL„Q FÒX FËD F’Q Eà WURQJ Y W’F VÐ K¾F K¹D QK¥S YR E‡ÇF ˆL FËD F’F

QJRL9L°Q QJQKNKRDK¾F[àKÃLYQKƒQY‚Q

7URQJ TX’ WU±QK [ƒ\ GÓQJ Y SK’W WUL­Q


 R W“R ˆ¶L QJ¾ F’Q E¶ QJKL„Q
FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F 7yS FK‘ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK
FÄXO¬FKVÂ
V¨ F½ Y¸ WU· U¤W TXDQ WU¾QJ 7“S FK· NK…QJ
7URQJTX’WU±QK[ƒ\GÓQJYSK’WWUL­Q
FK² O WL¯QJ Q½L FËD 9L°Q P F¹Q O GL‹Q
9L°Q6ÐK¾FOX…QFKÍ׈RW“RˆÃLQJÌF’Q
puQ NKRD K—F O WUXQJ WkP WƒS K¡S pRuQ
EÃQJKL„QFÒXO¸FKVÐF½WU±QKˆÃFDR
NŒWJL LV¨K—FQ½LUL„QJYNKRDK¾F[àKÃL

Q½LFKXQJN­FÅWURQJYQJRLQ‡ÇF 1K±Q FKXQJ WU‡ÇF Q‚P  9L°Q 6Ð

K¾FFK‡DF½ˆL¬XNL°Qˆ‡DF’QEÈLˆRW“R
1JD\WÏNKLPÇLUDˆÄL7ƒSVDQ9jQ6¨
FK·QK TX\ 3K‡†QJ K‡ÇQJ ˆR W“R F’Q EÃ
i’D Y VDX ˆ½ O 7yS FK‘ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK
FKË \¯X FËD 9L°Q WURQJ WKÄL JLDQ Q\ O
V¨ ˆà QK¥Q ˆ‡ÈF VÓ TXDQ WƒP FËD F’F QK
YÏD OP YÏD K¾F ˆR W“R WURQJ F…QJ W’F
QJKL„Q FÒX VÐ K¾F Y‚Q K¾F GƒQ WÃF K¾F
WKÓF W¯ à F½ NK…QJ ·W F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q
NKR FÀ K¾F WUL¯W K¾F ˆ¸D O× K¾F Y‚Q K½D
WU‡ÅQJ WKQK QKDQK FK½QJ WURQJ F…QJ W’F
GƒQ JLDQ &KR ˆ¯Q QD\ 7“S FK· O QJ‡ÄL
QJKL„Q FÒX NKRD K¾F O QKÄ F½ WLQK WK¡Q
E“Q WKƒQ WKL¯W FËD QKL¬X E“Q ˆ¾F J¿P F’F
VD\ P„ NKRD K¾F Y‡ÈW P¾L NK½ NK‚Q FK¸X
QK QJKL„Q FÒX F’F QK JL’R Y QKÑQJ
NK½ O‚Q OÃQ WURQJ WKÓF W¯ F…QJ W’F 7U‡ÅQJ
QJ‡ÄL\„XWK·FKO¸FKVÐ
WKQKFWURQJODRˆÃQJNKRDK¾FO£QWURQJ

7ÏQJ\UDˆÄLˆ¯QQD\7yS FK‘1JKLlQ WKÓFW¯F…QJW’FVÂF’QEÃQ\ˆàWUÅWKQK

FªX /’FK V¨ ˆà GR PÃW V QK QJKL„Q FÒX OÓF O‡ÈQJ Q¹QJ FÂW WURQJ TX’ WU±QK [ƒ\

VÐK¾FWUÓFWL¯SOàQKˆ“R*6967U¡Q+X\ GÓQJYSK’WWUL­Q9L°Q

/L°X *696 1JX\®Q .K’QK 7RQ *6


R W“R W“L FKÁ E¿L G‡ÆQJ FKX\„Q JLD
9‚Q7“R3*6&DR9‚Q/‡ÈQJˆàWUÓFWL¯S
WKHR SK‡†QJ FKƒP YÏD K¾F YÏD OP O
OP &KË QKL°P 7ÀQJ %L„Q W¥S 3*6 &DR
QKL°P YÎ WK‡ÄQJ [X\„Q FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F

9‚Q /‡ÈQJ 3*676 1JX\®Q 'DQK 3KL°W 7Ï Q‚P  ˆ¯Q QD\ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆ‡ÈF

3*6769¼.LP&‡†QJˆàOF’F3K½7ÀQJ F…QJQK¥QOF† VňR W“RWU„Qˆ“LK¾F7Ï

%L„Q W¥S TXD F’F WKÄL NÔ +L°Q QD\ 7ÀQJ ˆ½ˆ¯QQD\F…QJW’FˆRW“RF’QEÃWU„Qˆ“L

%L„Q W¥S 7yS FK‘ 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ O K¾F NK…QJ QJÏQJ ˆ‡ÈF ˆ¢\ P“QK &KR ˆ¯Q

3*676 9¼ .LP &‡†QJ Y 3K½ 7ÀQJ EL„Q QD\ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà WÀ FKÒF ˆ‡ÈF  NK½D

W¥SO761JX\®Q7K¸3K‡†QJ&KL ˆR W“R QJKL„Q FÒX VLQK FK·QK TX\ Y PÃW

VÂQJKL„QFÒXVLQKK°QJ˜QK“Q
1K±Q O“L FK QJ ˆ‡ÄQJ QÐD WK¯ NÕ  TXD

F½ WK­ NK–QJ ˆ¸QK O 7ƒS VDQ 9jQ 6¨ i’D 6 QJKL„Q FÒX VLQK ˆà ER Y° WKQK

Y 7yS FK‘1JKLlQFªX/’FKV¨ˆàˆ“Wˆ‡ÈF F…QJ OX¥Q ’Q 3K½ 7L¯Q V¶ QD\ O 7L¯Q V¶

QKÑQJ WKQK WÓX ˆ’QJ N­ WKÓF VÓ J½S FKX\„Q QJQK  W“L F† VÅ ˆR W“R 9L°Q 6Ð

SK¡Q WR OÇQ YR YL°F [ƒ\ GÓQJ PÃW Q¬Q VÐ K¾FWÏQ‚Pˆ¯QQD\OQJ‡ÄL+L°Q

K¾FPÇL.L„QWU±PÎFˆ·FKYSK‡†QJFKƒP W“L F½ J¡Q  QJKL„Q FÒX VLQK ˆDQJ ˆ‡ÈF

ˆ¬ UD WÏ ˆ¡X 7“S FK· 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ ˆRW“RW“L9L°Q6ÐK¾F

OX…Q WK­ KL°Q WLQK WK¡Q SKÎF YÎ QKL°P YÎ 9L°FWÀFKÒFˆRW“RQJKL„QFÒXVLQKFËD

F’FK P“QJ WU‡ÇF P˜W Y OƒX GL ˆ‡D F…QJ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F NK…QJ QKÑQJ QK•P QƒQJ FDR

  1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯

WU±QK ˆÃ NKRD K¾F FKR F’Q Eà WURQJ 9L°Q 1K±Q FKXQJ ˆÃL QJÌ F’Q Eà NKRD K¾F

P F¹Q J½S SK¡Q NK…QJ QK» YR YL°F ˆR 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F F½ WU±QK ˆÃ K¾F Y¤Q Y FKX\„Q

W“RF’QEÃNKRDK¾FO¸FKVÐFKRF’FF†TXDQ P…QFDRF½SK¢PFK¤WFK·QKWU¸YÑQJYQJ

QJKL„Q FÒX Y JLQJ G“\ O¸FK VÐ WURQJ F 1KÄ ˆ½ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà J½S SK¡Q W·FK FÓF

Q‡ÇF SKÎF YÎ VÓ QJKL°S [ƒ\ GÓQJ Y ER Y° ˆ¤W

&ÉQJYÇLYL°FWÀFKÒFˆRW“RQJKL„QFÒX Q‡ÇFˆ’SÒQJF’F\„XF¡XGRQJY1K

VLQK W“L 9L°Q QKL¬X F’Q Eà NKRD K¾F FËD Q‡ÇFˆ WUD

9L°Q WKDP JLD ˆR W“R QJKL„Q FÒX VLQK


 ;ƒ\ GÅQJ PµL TXDQ K§ K»S W’F
JLQJ G“\ K‡ÇQJ G£Q OX¥Q ’Q 7L¯Q V¶
NKRD K±F YºL F’F F’ QKƒQ Y F† TXDQ
WKDP JLD +ÃL ˆ¿QJ FK¤P OX¥Q ’Q F¤S 1K
QJKL„QFÄXWURQJYQJRLQ‡ºF
Q‡ÇF +ÃL ˆ¿QJ FK¤P OX¥Q ’Q F† VÅ  FËD
1JD\ WÏ NKL PÇL UD ˆÄL 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà
QKL¬XWU‡ÄQJˆ“LK¾FYF’FF†TXDQQJKL„Q
[ƒ\ GÓQJ PÂL TXDQ K° KÈSW’FFK WFK©YÇL
FÒX WURQJ Q‡ÇF Y PÃW V QJKL„Q FÒX VLQK
F’F WU‡ÄQJ ˆ“L K¾F F’F F† TXDQ QJKL„Q FÒX
Q‡ÇFQJRL 7UXQJ4XÂF3K’S&DPSXFKLD

0Ö  WURQJ Q‡ÇF EDR J¿P F KÈS W’F QJKL„Q FÒX

NKRDK¾FYˆRW“RF’QEÃ
7Ï VDX QJ\ ˆ¤W Q‡ÇF WKÂQJ QK¤W 9L°Q

6Ð K¾F ˆà FÐ QKL¬X F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q VDQJ 1KL¬X F…QJ WU±QK KÈS W’F QJKL„Q FÒX

K¾F W¥S WUDR ˆÀL FKX\„Q P…Q W“L F’F Q‡ÇF F½ JL’ WU¸ ˆà ˆ‡ÈF F…QJ E Y¬ O¸FK VÐ 9L°W

/L„Q ;… WU‡ÇF ˆƒ\  &ÃQJ K¹D /L„Q EDQJ 1DP O¸FK VÐ WK¯ JLÇL Y SK‡†QJ SK’S

1JD &ÃQJ K¹D 'ƒQ FKË ÒF WU‡ÇF ˆƒ\  OX¥Q VÐ K¾F 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà FKË WU± WÀ

%XQJDUL 7L°S .K˜F WU‡ÇF ˆƒ\  7UXQJ FKÒF F’F FXÃF WKR OX¥Q KÃL WKR NKRD

4XÂF3K’S K¾F WURQJ JLÇL QJKL„Q FÒX O¸FK VÐ Y¬ F’F

Y¤Q ˆ¬ K±QK WKQK GƒQ WÃF Y¤Q ˆ¬ UXÃQJ


7Ï Q‚P  ˆ¯Q QD\ ˆà F½  F’Q EÃ
ˆ¤WYQ…QJGƒQY¤Qˆ¬K±QKWK’LNLQKW¯
9L°Q6ÐK¾FERY°WKQKF…QJOX¥Q’Q3K½
 [à KÃL Y Y¬ YL°F ˆ’QK JL’ OP U¼ WKƒQ
7L¯Q V¶ QD\ O 7L¯Q V¶ FKX\„Q QJQK  
WK¯ VÓ QJKL°S FËD PÃW VÂ QKƒQ Y¥W O¸FK
F’Q Eà ER Y° WKQK F…QJ OX¥Q ’Q 7K“F V¶
VÐ 1KL¬X QÃL GXQJ WKR OX¥Q ˆà ˆ‡ÈF
VÐK¾FÅQ‡ÇFQJRL
ˆ‚QJ WU„Q 7“S FK· 1JKLlQ FªX /’FK V¨ Y
1JRL YL°F ˆR W“R F’Q Eà WU„Q ˆ“L K¾F
WKX KÍW ˆ‡ÈF VÓ TXDQ WƒP FËD F’F QK
WKHR KDL K‡ÇQJ WU„Q 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F WK‡ÄQJ
QJKL„QFÒX
[X\„QFKÍWU¾QJYL°FWÓˆRW“RQK•PQƒQJ

FDR WU±QK ˆÃ Y E¿L G‡ÆQJ FKX\„Q JLD9L°Q 4XDQ K° KÈS W’F QJKL„Q FÒX JLÑD 9L°Q

ˆà PÅ F’F OÇS +’Q  1…P WL¯QJ 1JD WL¯QJ 6Ð K¾F YÇL F’F F† TXDQ NK’F ˆà J½S SK¡Q

$QKWL¯QJ3K’SF’FOÇSSK‡†QJSK’SOX¥Q WKÍF ˆ¢\ VÓ SK’W WUL­Q FËD VÐ K¾F 9L°W

YÇL QKL¬X WK…QJ WLQ O× OX¥Q PÇL Y¬ NKRD 1DPOPV’QJU¼QKL¬XY¤Qˆ¬F¡QQJKL„Q

K¾FO¸FKVÐ FÒXY¬O¸FKVÐ9L°W1DP

7K…QJ TXD YL°F ˆR W“R WURQJ WKÓF W¯ &ÉQJ YÇL YL°F KÈS W’F QJKL„Q FÒX 9L°Q

YÏD K¾F YÏD OP Y TXD F’F K±QK WKÒF ˆR 6Ð K¾F ˆà [ƒ\ GÓQJ ˆ‡ÈF PÂL TXDQ K° KÈS

W“RFK·QKTX\WU±QKˆÃK¾FY¤QYQ‚QJOÓF W’FFK WFK©YÇLF’FF†TXDQNK’FWURQJO¶QK

QJKL„Q FÒX FËD F’Q Eà 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆ‡ÈF YÓFˆRW“RF’QEÃN­FWURQJˆRW“RWU„Q

QƒQJFDRU¼U°W ˆ“LK¾FYE¿LG‡ÆQJFKX\„QJLD
Q~P9L¡Q6¼K«F 

.K…QJ FK² ˆ¢\ P“QK TXDQ K° KÈS W’F Q‡ÇF&ÃQJK¹D;àKÃLFKËQJK¶D9L°W1DP

YÇL F’F F† TXDQ Y F’F QK QJKL„Q FÒX Å +XkQ FKonQJ /DR pœQJ KyQJ 1K‚W Y

WURQJ Q‡ÇF 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F F¹Q W·FK FÓF [ƒ\ +XkQ FKonQJ /DR pœQJ KyQJ 1KŽ FKR 7“S

GÓQJ Y W‚QJ F‡ÄQJ TXDQ K° KÈS W’F YÇL FK·1JKLlQFªX/’FKV¨

F’F QK QJKL„Q FÒX F’F WU‡ÄQJ ˆ“L K¾F Y


1‚P  1K Q‡ÇF &ÃQJ K¹D ;à KÃL

PÃW V 9L°Q QJKL„Q FÒX Å F’F Q‡ÇF /L„Q FKË QJK¶D 9L°W 1DP O“L JKL QK¥Q F…QJ ODR

;… WU‡ÇF ˆƒ\  1JD 3K’S 7UXQJ 4XÂF FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F TXD YL°F WUDR W QJ FKR

7UL¬X 7L„Q 0Ö ÒF 1K¥W %Q 9L°Q+XkQFKonQJiœFOƒSKyQJ1K‚W

² W[WUƒ\OLD 7KÎ\ L­Q 1D 8\ %XQJDUL


&XÂL Q‚P  9L°Q 6Ð K¾F YLQK GÓ
%D/DQ
ˆ‡ÈF 1K Q‡ÇF WUDR W QJ 'DQK KL°X $QK

4XDQK°KÈSW’FTXÂFW¯FËD9L°Q6ÐK¾F K¢QJ/DRpœQJWURQJWKLN¬i™LP L

ˆà J½S SK¡Q NK…QJ QK» YR F…QJ W’F ˆR


7URQJTX’WU±QK[ƒ\GÓQJYSK’WWUL­Q
W“R F’Q EÃ FËD 9L°Q JLÇL WKL°X YÇL E“Q E¦
W¥SWK­9L°Q6ÐK¾FOX…QFK‚POR[ƒ\GÓQJ
TXÂFW¯Y¬O¸FKVЈ¤XWUDQKGÓQJQ‡ÇFJLÑ
Y FËQJ F NKÂL ˆRQ N¯W WURQJ 9L°Q 0ÁL
Q‡ÇFFËDQKƒQGƒQWD4XDˆ½QƒQJFDRX\
F’Q Eà QKƒQ YL„Q FRL ˆRQ N¯W O WL VQ
W·Q FËD 9L°Q Y F’F QK QJKL„Q FÒX WURQJ
TX×JL’OWUX\¬QWKÂQJˆ’QJWUƒQWU¾QJGR
9L°Q*L’RV‡7U¡Q+X\/L°X9L°QWU‡ÅQJ
*L’R V‡9L°Q V¶ 7U¡Q +X\ /L°X Y F’F WK¯
ˆ¡X WL„Q FËD 9L°Q ˆ‡ÈF F…QJ QK¥Q O 9L°Q
K°F’QEÃWL¯SWKHRFËD9L°Qˆ­O“L9L°Q6Ð
V¶ 9L°Q +Q OƒP .KRD K¾F &ÃQJ K¹D 'ƒQ
K¾F O PÃW ˆ†Q Y¸ SK’W WUL­Q WRQ GL°Q

FKˁÒFYˆ‡ÈFW QJWK‡ÅQJ+XƒQFK‡†QJ
WURQJ7UXQJWƒP.KRDK¾F;àKÃLY1KƒQ

+XPEROGW FDRTX×*L’R V‡1JX\®Q.K’QK


Y‚Q4XÂFJLD&KLEÃ9L°Q6ÐK¾FOX…Qˆ‡ÈF

7RQ&KËQKL°P8ÕEDQ.KRDK¾F;àKÃL F…QJQK¥QOFKLEÃWURQJVyFKY©QJPyQK

NL„P 9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆ‡ÈF F…QJ 7URQJ QKL¬X Q‚P OL¬Q F WURQJ WKÄL NÔ

QK¥Q O 9L°Q V¶ 9L°Q +Q OƒP .KRD K¾F FKL¯Q WUDQK Y K¹D E±QK ˆ†Q Y¸ WÓ Y° 9L°Q

/L„Q;… 6Ð K¾F ˆ‡ÈF F…QJ QK¥Q O †Q Y¸ 4X\ŒW

&KR ˆ¯Q QD\ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F P WL¬Q WKƒQ WK}QJ &KL ˆRQ 7KDQK QL„Q &ÃQJ VQ +¿

O7À/¸FKVÐWURQJ%DQ9‚Q6Ё¸DˆàWUL &K· 0LQK O &KL ˆRQ 7L„Q WL¯Q Y &…QJ

TXDPÃWFK QJˆ‡ÄQJGLQ‚P ˆRQ 9L°Q O 7À FKÒF F…QJ ˆRQ YÑQJ

P“QK
7URQJ  Q‚P ¤\ PÁL E‡ÇF WU‡ÅQJ

WKQKSK’WWUL­QFËD9L°Qˆ¬XJ˜QOL¬QYÇL &ÉQJ YÇL F’F SK¡Q WK‡ÅQJ FDR TX×

ˆ‡ÈF WUDR W QJ FKR W¥S WK­ 9L°Q 1K


VÓ SK’W WUL­Q Y WK˜QJ OÈL FËD &’FK P“QJ

Q‡ÇF ˆà WUDR W QJ QKÑQJ GDQK KL°X FDR


9L°W 1DP 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F OX…Q J˜Q YL°F
TX× FKR F’F F…QJ WU±QK QJKL„Q FÒX NKRD
QJKL„QFÒXNKRDK¾FYÇLYL°FSKÎFYÎFK·QK
K¾FFËDQKNKRDK¾FFËD9L°Q6ÐK¾F
WU¸FËDˆ¤WQ‡ÇF
*6967U¡Q+X\/L°XQJ‡ÄLV’QJO¥SY
QJY &K·QK SKˈ’QKJL’FDRQKÑQJ
O 9L°Q WU‡ÅQJ ˆ¡X WL„Q FËD 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F
FÂQJ KL¯Q FËD F’F WK¯ K° F’Q EÃ FËD 9L°Q
*696 1JX\®Q .K’QK 7RQ &KË QKL°P
6ÐK¾F
8Õ EDQ .KRD K¾F ;à KÃL NL„P 9L°Q

1‚P  9L°Q 6Ð K¾F YLQK GÓ ˆ‡ÈF WU‡ÅQJ 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F *6 7U¡Q 9‚Q *LX

ˆ½Q QK¥Q SK¡Q WK‡ÅQJ FDR TX× FËD 1K *6 R 'X\ $QK *6 7U¡Q 9‚Q *L’S

  1JKL€QF¾X/¦FKV¼V¯

*6 1JX\®Q ÀQJ &KL ˆ‡ÈF WUDR *LvL 7KQK WÓX WR OÇQ P 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F ˆà ˆ“W

WKožQJ +˜ &K‘ 0LQK 1K QJKL„Q FÒX ˆ‡ÈF WURQJ QÐD WK¯ NÕ TXD E˜W QJX¿Q WÏ

+RD %•QJ 1K QJKL„Q FÒX 1JX\®Q QKL¬X QKƒQ W WURQJ ˆ½ F½ VÓ OàQK ˆ“R FK²

/‡†QJ %·FK *6 9‚Q 7ƒQ *6 1JX\®Q ˆ“RWUÓFWL¯SFËDOàQKˆ“RQJY1KQ‡ÇF

+¿QJ 3KRQJ *6 9‚Q 7“R ˆ‡ÈF WUDR *LvL WUÓF WL¯S O %DQ F’Q VÓ QJ QJ Ë\ Y

WKožQJ 1Ku Qo F FKR F’F F…QJ WU±QK /àQK ˆ“R 7UXQJ WƒP .KRD K¾F ;à KÃL Y

QJKL„QFÒXNKRDK¾F 1KƒQ Y‚Q 4XÂF JLD TXD F’F WKÄL NÔ Y WÏ

QKÑQJ FÂ J˜QJ NK…QJ P°W P»L FËD PÁL F’Q


0ÃW V F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q ˆà YLQK GÓ
Eà QKƒQ YL„QWURQJ9L°QVÓˆRQN¯WWKÂQJ
ˆ‡ÈF QK¥Q F’F SK¡Q WK‡ÅQJ FDR TX× FËD
QK¤W WURQJ FKL Eà F† TXDQ 0ÁL WKQK WÓX
QJ Y 1K Q‡ÇF *696 7U¡Q +X\
P 9L°Q ˆà ˆ“W ˆ‡ÈF J˜QOL¬Q YÇLF…QJODRWR
/L°X ˆ‡ÈF W QJ WK‡ÅQJ +XƒQ FK‡†QJ +¿
OÇQFËDF’FWK¯K°F’QEÃQKƒQYL„QFËD9L°Q
&K· 0LQK *696 1JX\®Q .K’QK 7RQ
6Ð K¾F N­ WÏ Q‚P  ˆ¯Q QD\ Y VÓ SKÂL
ˆ‡ÈF W QJ WK‡ÅQJ +XƒQ FK‡†QJ ÃF O¥S
KÈS JLÍS ˆÆ FËD F’F QK QJKL„Q FÒX F’F F†
K“QJ 1K¤W Y +XƒQ FK‡†QJ +¿ &K·
TXDQ KÑX TXDQ WURQJ Y QJRL 7UXQJ WƒP
0LQK *6 7U¡Q 9‚Q *LX ˆ‡ÈF W QJ
.KRDK¾F;àKÃLY1KƒQY‚Q4XÂFJLD
WK‡ÅQJ +XƒQ FK‡†QJ ÃF O¥S K“QJ 1K¤W

+XƒQ FK‡†QJ +¿ &K· 0LQK Y ˆ‡ÈF 1K±Q O“L FK QJ ˆ‡ÄQJ  Q‚P TXD F½

SKRQJ W QJ GDQK KL°X $QK KÉQJ /DR WK­Q½LU•QJ7KQKWÓX9L°Q6ÐK¾Fˆàˆ“W

ˆÃQJ WKÄL NÔ ˆÀL PÇL *6 1JX\®Q ÀQJ ˆ‡ÈF O WRQ GL°Q F Y¬ QJKL„Q FÒX NKRD

K¾FYY¬QJKL°SYÎFÌQJQK‡Y¬[ƒ\GÓQJ
&KL ˆ‡ÈF W QJ WK‡ÅQJ +XƒQ FK‡†QJ ÃF

ˆR W“R ˆÃL QJÌ F’Q Eà 1KÑQJ WKQK WÓX


O¥S K“QJ +DL *6 9‚Q 7ƒQ ˆ‡ÈF W QJ
¤\ OQL¬PWÓKR WROÇQFËDF’FWK¯K°F’Q
WK‡ÅQJ +XƒQ FK‡†QJ ÃF O¥S K“QJ %D
EÃ9L°Q6ÐK¾F9L°W1DP
*6 9‚Q 7“R 3*6 %ÉL ±QK 7KDQK *6

1JX\®Q +¿QJ 3KRQJ *676 3K“P ;XƒQ 7URQJ W±QK K±QK Y QKL°P YÎ PÇL KL°Q

1DP 3*6 &DR 9‚Q /‡ÈQJ ˆ‡ÈF WUDR QD\YÇLWUX\¬QWKÂQJˆRQN¯WWKÂQJQK¤W

W QJ +XkQ FKonQJ /DR pœQJ KyQJ 1K‚W YÇLO¹QJK‚QJVD\K¾FW¥SYODRˆÃQJWRQ

1KL¬X F’Q Eà FËD 9L°Q ˆ‡ÈF WUDR W QJ WK­ F’Q Eà YL„Q FKÒF 9L°Q 6Ð K¾F V© FÂ

+XƒQ +X\ FK‡†QJ NK’QJ FKL¯Q FKÂQJ J˜QJ Y‡†Q O„Q W·FK FÓF [ƒ\ GÓQJ ˆÃL QJÌ

3K’S Y FKÂQJ 0Ö +X\ FKonQJ YŽ V« QƒQJ FDR WU±QK ˆÃ FKX\„Q P…Q Y QJKL°S

QJKLS .KRD K—F Yu &mQJ QJK +X\ YÎWKÓFKL°QWÂWFKÒFQ‚QJQKL°PYΈ‡ÈF

FKonQJ YŽ V« QJKLS %xR FK‘ 9LW1DPY JLDR ˆ­ [ÒQJ ˆ’QJ YÇL QKÑQJ WKQK WÓX

.­ QLP FKonQJ YŽ V« QJKLS .NKRD K—F WURQJ TX’ NKÒ Y ˆ’S ÒQJ ˆ‡ÈF QKÑQJ ˆ¹L

;±KœLYu1KkQYjQ K»LFËDKL°QW“LYW‡†QJODL

You might also like