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For all their differences the three systems basically do The thermal soak stage starts at the end of the
the same thing: the board and components to be preheat stage and allows the temperature
soldered enter the equipment, they are heated up to a across the surface of the board to achieve
temperature above the liquidous point of the solder, it equilibrium at a level near the melting point of
will wet and flow, then exit the equipment and cool solder. During this period the solder paste
down. Differences between the various types of volatiles are removed, and the flux is activated.
soldering equipment can be found in the method used
to heat the boards, when (and how) the solder is Some production lines do not differentiate (by
applied to the board, and the rate the temperature is name) the preheat and the thermal soak zones,
changing during the time the boards are in the instead calling both a “preheat” zone. When this is
soldering equipment. done they will still differentiate the rate of
temperature rise during the first part of the stage
This application note deals predominantly with from what is used in the latter part of the stage.
convection solder equipment, although much of the
information presented applies to wave solder and VPR
systems also.
AN-038 Solder Reflow Recommendations Page 1 EAN-102068 Rev C
for plastic RFICs.
We consider them as two separate stages. The rate of temperature drops, and generally you would like to
temperature rise in the thermal soak stage is often cool the PCB down as quickly as possible. Fans
reduced to less than 1 oC per second, and is typically are usually used to circulate cooler ambient air
around the PCB. Verification that the fans are
around 0.5 oC per second. If the temperature is operating and providing cooler ambient air flowing
allowed to get too hot in the soak zone, the solder over the surface of the PCB is generally all that is
paste will oxidize and solder balls will form. required during the cool-down phase. Cool down
A thermal soak period of not more than 120 seconds rate should not exceed 10oC/second.
max is recommended, during which the temperature
can rise up to (but should not exceed) +180oC. Recommendations