Agenda

1st Session
• Introduction to Offshore Structures
• Main offshore structural typologies
• Bottom fixed
• Floating
• Marine environmental loads

Page 2
Introduction to Offshore Structures

What are offshore structures?

Page 3
Introduction to Offshore Structures

What are offshore structures?

Page 4
Introduction to Offshore Structures

What are offshore structures?

Page 5
Offshore structural typologies

BOTTOM-FIXED FLOATING
• Jacket • SPAR

• Monopile • TLP

• Gravity based • Semisub

• Tripod • Barge

Page 6
Offshore structural typologies

Page 7
Offshore structural typologies

JACKET

Page 8
Offshore structural typologies

MONOPILE

Page 9
Offshore structural typologies

GRAVITY BASED

Page 10
Offshore structural typologies

TRIPOD

Page 11
Offshore structural typologies

SPAR

Page 12
Offshore structural typologies

TLP

Page 13
Offshore structural typologies

SEMISUB

Page 14
Offshore structural typologies

BARGE

Pàg 15
Typology selection

How to select a typology?

Initial factors to be considered:
• Platform’s main function
• Final location
• Specific requirements

ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS

FINAL DECISION
Pàg 16
Marine environmental loads

Pàg 17
Marine environmental loads

WAVES: Classic wave theories

Pàg 18
Marine environmental loads
WAVES: Classic wave theories
d≥L 2

d ≤ L 25

DEEP WATERS LINEAR THEORY (AIRY)

H0
=η (t ) sen(k·x − w·t )
2
SHALLOW WATERS NON-LINEAR THEORIES
• Stream function
• Stokes
• Cnoidal
• etc Pàg 19
Marine environmental loads

IRREGULAR WAVES: Spectral Analysis

Synthetic Spectrums Based on recorded data

Pàg 20
Marine environmental loads

IRREGULAR WAVES: Spectral analysis. Fouries Series

Pàg 21
Marine environmental loads

SEA CURRENTS

Pàg 22
Marine environmental loads

SEA CURRENTS: Von Kármán Vortex shedding

Pàg 23
Marine environmental loads

WIND ACTIONS

Classical methods (EC, Model Code, CTE…)

CFD models

Pàg 24
 Agenda
2nd Session

• Basic concepts of floating structures

• Buoyancy
• Metacentric height
• Stability
• RAO’s
• Peak periods
• Wave loads
• Current loads
• Construction & installation examples

Page 25
Basic concepts of floating structures

BUOYANCY: Arquimedes’ principle

∫ ρ·g·z·dS = V ·γ
S
s

WTOT = Vs ·γ
Page 26
Basic concepts of floating structures

BUOYANCY: Point of application

E application point  CG Submerged volume

Page 27
Basic concepts of floating structures

METACENTRIC HEIGHT: Basic definition

I xx
= KB − KG +
Meta
Vs

Page 28
Basic concepts of floating structures

FLOATING STABILITY: Basic criteria

Meta < 0 Non stable

Meta = 0 Neutral
Meta > 0 Stable

Page 29
Basic concepts of floating structures

STABILITY: Stability Nonlinearity

Page 30
Equations of motion

Added mass

Page 31
Equations of motion

Added mass

Ma Me

=
M v Ma + Me

Page 32
Basic concepts of floating structures

RAO: Response Amplitud Operator

OUTPUT x (ω )
=
RAO =
INPUT H (ω )

Page 33
Basic concepts of floating structures

RAO: Response Amplitude Operator

• Airy unitary waves

• Sinusoidal response

• Linearized solution

• Response against unitary regular waves

• Peak periods identification

Page 34
Basic concepts of floating structures

RAO: Response Amplitude Operator

K: Stiffness in the selected degree of freedom (dof)

M: Mass of the selected dof.

Fw ( t ) = C1·sin(φ ( t )) =x ( t ) C 2·sin(φ ( t ) + ϑ )

Page 35
Basic concepts of floating structures

PEAK PERIOD: Definition

1 2π
=
TPi =
wPi K ii
mii

Page 36
Basic concepts of floating structures

PEAK PERIOD: RAO’s

Page 37
Tp
Equations of motion

4
3
2
1
Pitch[º]

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
t [s]

0
Heave [m]

-1

-2

-3
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Page 38
t [s]
Wave loads

Morison’s equation CFD

1 BEM
F ρ CmV ·aw + ρ Cd A· vrel vrel •
2 • RANS
• LES
• Etc…

Page 39
Wave loads

Selecting the wave theory

Page 40
Wave loads

Airy wave theory

Page 41
Wave loads

Estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients

Page 42
Wave loads

Real hydrodynamic coefficients

Free decay tests

Page 43
Wave loads

Real hydrodynamic coefficients

Numerical simulations

Page 44
Wave loads

Morison’s equation applicability

Page 45
Wave loads

Radiation & Diffraction

Link YouTube Page 46

Wave loads

Radiation & Diffraction

Link YouTube Page 47

Current loads

Viscous damping forces (drag)

1
Fc = ρ Cd A· vrel vrel
2

Page 48
Current loads

Von Kármán vortex shedding

Page 49
Link YouTube
Current loads

Vortex Induced Vibrations

Link YouTube Page 50

Current loads

How to avoid VIV?

Page 51
Current loads

Helical strakes

Page 52
Floating platform Installation

Link YouTube Page 53

Floating platform Installation

Link YouTube
Page 54