Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical College of Engineering

Petrochemical Engineering Department

Title of Experiment:

Archimedes principle and buoyancy force

Student name:

Ahmad Tahseen Hamid

Class:

Date Expt. Performed:

3/4/2017

Date Report Submitted

24/5/2017
 EXPERIMENT 3
Archimedes principle and buoyancy force

Objective:
The objective of this lab is to measure the buoyant force on a number of
objects.

Introduction:
Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force that
is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or
partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the
body displaces and acts in the upward direction at the center of
mass of the displaced fluid. Archimedes' principle is a law of
physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formulated by
Archimedes of Syracuse. When an object is neutrally buoyant,
meaning it neither sinks nor floats, then the weight of the object
is equal to the upward buoyant force exerted by the water. When
neutrally buoyant in water, the object also has the same density
as water. Neutral buoyancy is a very important principle in the
sea perch competition.
 Theory:
Archimedes’ principle states that a body wholly or partially submerged in a
fluid is buoyed up by a force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the body. It is important to remember that fluid includes
liquids and gases. This force is given by:

FB = ρVg (Eq 1)

where ρ(rho)is the density of the fluid, V is the volume of fluid displaced
and g is acceleration due to gravity. It is the buoyant force that keeps
ships afloat in water and hot air balloons floating in air.

In this experiment, the buoyant force will be measured three ways and the
results compared. The first method is by the measurement of force. This
method involves weighing an object first in air, then in water, and using
the difference in weight as the buoyant force. Though the object's mass
does not change, its apparent weight will change when measured while
immersed in a fluid that is denser than air.

The second method is the displaced volume method. The volume of fluid
displaced by the object is measured and its weight calculated. The weight
of the water displaced is equal to the buoyant force exerted on the object,
by Archimedes' Principle.

The third method is by the buoyant force equation method. By measuring

the dimensions of the object and calculating the volume, one can
determine the buoyant force (by using Εq-1) that would be exerted on the
object when it is submerged in a fluid of known density ρ.

Please note that for the third method, the volumes of interest are different
for objects that float and objects that sink.

Materials and Apparatus :

1. Graduated cylinder 2.Digital balance

3. Vernier 4.Ruler

5. String 6.Extra masses

7. Beakers 8.Jar
Procedure:
Part 1: to find buoyancy force of liquid on immersed place

1. Find the masses of each piece and find the mass of the block piece on
the jar with water and convert it to weight

2. Calculate losses weight of piece in air and liquid

3. Calculate the volume and weight of displaced liquid when piece

immersed within this will be equal to force of buoyancy of liquid .

Part 2: ( use beaker to increase the displace volume of water)

1. Put one piece of masses in jar and notice how it will sink to the bottom
of jar.

2. Put the same mass in a specific beaker and notice how it submerged
partially in the jar.

3.now increase the masses in beaker unite last point before beaker sink in
jar record that mass in your result . then find the mass of beaker with
mass of piece and record it . multiplying this mass with gravity
acceleration will represent the bouncy force fb on the beaker.

4. Use Archimedes principle to check your result use the Vernier caliper
to measure the height and the diameter of one beaker to find the volume.
multiplying the volume with density of water will product the maximum
mass which beaker can help.
Discussion:
1. What does buoyancy force depend on?

It is the force exerted on a body when it is immersed in a liquid. Buoyant

force is equals to the weight of liquid displaced so it depends upon
density of liquid and solid as well as volume of solid immersed

2.What is the principle of Archimedes?

Archimedes' principle, physical law of buoyancy, discovered by the

ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, stating that any
body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is
acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is
equal to the weight of the fluid

3.What is the force of buoyancy?

The buoyant force comes from the pressure exerted on the object by the
fluid. Because the pressure increases as the depth increases, the pressure
on the bottom of an object is always larger than the force on the top -
hence the net upward force.

4.How do you determine the buoyant force?

The buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the

liquid displaced by the object. For water, with a density of one gram per
cubic centimeter, this provides a convenient way to determine the volume
of an irregularly shaped object and then to determine its density.

5. Why is easier to float in the sea than in a river or swimming pool?

Sea water contain with it salt and it add to the mass of water and made it
denser then river or swimming pool .and as it did in the experiment the
object float better in the dense surface its why the material or object float
on the sea than river or swimming pool.

6. Explain how a hot air balloon flies?

It known the cold air have more density than hot air. The heated it make
balloon to rise easy because lighter than the volume of could air and the
buoyancy is an upward force that the air exerts and it help heated air
balloon and blimps stay in the air .hot air balloon uses a burner to heat up
the air inside the balloon and make it to rise up with out any problem.

Conclusion:

Students understand the Archimedes principle and

buoyancy force get the knowledge about how to measure
the buoyant force on a diffident objects