Biopharm Journal.
 2015, 1(2), 41‐47    ISSN: 2454‐1397
REVIEW ARTICLE
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF LIPASE: A REVIEW
Payel Choudhury1* and Biswanath Bhunia2
1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, -799046, India
2 Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, -799046, India
[Received on: 24th June, 2015 Accepted on: 18th July, 2015
Abstract
Lipases are a class of enzymes which catalyze the
hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. At present,
microbial lipases are achieving much awareness with
the fast progress of enzyme technology. Lipases
signify the most important group of biocatalysts for
industrial applications. The present review defines
various industrial applications of microbial lipases in
fat and oleo-chemical industry, detergent industry,
production of biodegradable polymer, food
processing, flavor development ,medical and
pharmaceutical, pulp and paper industry, biosensors,
waste treatment, cosmetics and perfumery and bio
diesel.
Keywords: Enzyme, Lipase, application, biocatalyst,
industry.
----------------------------------
* Corresponding author
Tel No: 0381-2346-360,
Fax No: 0381-2346360,
E.mail: payell.moon12@gmail.com
www.biopharmj.com 
 
Published on: 28th July, 2015]
1. Introduction
Enzymes are biologic polymer. They catalyze the
bio-chemical reaction that makes life possible. The
enzyme should be present in balance and should be
maintained to perform the breakdown of nutrients
to supply energy and other chemical building blocks
(Britannica, 2014). In addition to serving as the
catalysts for all metabolic processes their impressive
catalytic activity, steno specificity and substrate
specificity enable enzymes to fulfill key roles in other
process related to human well-being
(studyMode.com, 2013). The enzymes that catalyze
the conversion of one or more compounds
(substrate) into one or more different compounds
(products) enhance the rates of the corresponding
non catalyzed reaction by factor of at least 106 to
109. Like all catalysts enzymes do not get consumed
nor permanently get altered as a outcome of their
participation in a reaction (Khersonsky & Tawfik,
2010). Lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, E.C.
3.1.1.3) are a class of enzymes which catalyze the
hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. Lipases
constitute as one of the most important group of
biocatalysts for biotechnological applications. Lipase
was first identified in the pancreas by J. Eberle in
1834 and by C.I. Bernard in 1856. Under aqueous
conditions they act on carboxyl ester bonds present
in triacylglycerol’s to release fatty acids and glycerol
(Gupta et al., 2004). Lipases are serine hydrolases
and they can work without support from any
cofactor (Rajendran et al., 2008). This review has
attempt to focus the industrial application of lipase.
2. Industrial Applications of lipases:
Microbial lipases constitute an important group of
biotechnologically valuable enzymes, mainly due to
versatility of their applied properties and ease of
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mass production. Microbial lipases find attractive
applications in industries due to its wide enzymatic
properties(Ray, 2012a). Some of the applications are
stated below:
2.1.Lipases in fat and oleo-chemical industry:
Lipases find enormous application in the oleo
chemical industry as thermal degradations minimizes
during hydrolysis, glycolysis, and alcoholic’s and also
save energy. It has been reported that commercial
use of C.cylindracea lipase in production of soap
(Saxena R.K. et al., 1999). The introduction of the
new generation of cheap and very thermo stable
enzymes can change the economic balance in favor
of lipase use(Momsia & Momsia, 2013). The current
trend in the oleo chemical industry involves the use
of immobilized lipase to initiate various reactions
such as hydrolysis, alcoholic’s, and glycolysis using
mixed substrates. Thus, the use immobilized enzyme
ensures high productivity as well as continuous
running of the processes. This offers a greatest hope
for successful fat splitting/modification without
substantial investment in expensive equipment as
well as in expenditure of large amounts of thermal
energy(Saxena R.K. et al., 1999)
2.2. Lipases in detergent industry:
After the great commercial success of proteases as
deter-gent additives, the enzyme industry undertook
major efforts to introduce lipases as a second group
of detergent enzymes. In addition, to assess the
compatibility of lipase, it was compared with several
commercial used detergents, bleaching agents to
remove fat. The use of enzymes is found in all
detergent, formulations which are presently
common in developing countries, containing
enzymes. The use of detergent in washing machine
increasing laundry detergent more and more popular
as it impart softness, to fabrics, antistaticness,
dispersible in water. There are different brands of
laundry that claim different qualities of laundry
detergent are very common on market.(Verma et al.,
2012). Thermomycessp.,is the most important detergent
lipase which is very commonly used.(Lipolase,
Novozymes) (Gillis, 1988).The pseudomonas spp.
Containing other formulations such as Lumafast and
Lipomax(Lenting et al., 1993). The optimal activity
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at alkaline pH and higher temperatures all these
properties makes attractive choice for detergent
application(Lenting et al., 1993). Therefore, a large
number of Pseudomonas species have been studied for
finding attractive and effective lipase application in
different fields.(Mobarak-Qamsari et al., 2011).
Recently, it has reported that the activity and stability
of the crude lipolytic extract from P. aeruginosa
showed substantial stability in presence of some
nonionic surfactants and local commercial
detergents (Grbavčić et al., 2007). It seemed that the
crude enzyme showed high lipolytic activity in the
presence of Echoer, a detergent used for cleaning
ovens and Ecocide commercially (Grbavcic et al.,
2011).
2.3. Lipase in production of biodegradable
polymer:
In organic syntheses lipases have become important
groups of enzymes for its wide applications. Lipases
being biocatalyst is useful in the production of
biodegradable compounds. Recently, it was reported
that by direct esterification of butanol 1-Butyl locate
was produced and oleic acid tends to decrease the
viscosity of biodiesel during winter. Trimethylol-
propane esters were also similarly synthesized as
lubricants. Lipases can also catalyst ester syntheses
and transesterification reactions in presence of
organic solvent systems. Therefore there is an
opportunity of bio catalyzed to produce
biodegradable polyesters. Aromatic polyesters can be
synthesized by lipase biocatalysts(Linko et al., 1998).
2.4. Lipases in food processing, flavor
development and improving quality:
The majority of enzymes used in industry are for
food processing, mainly for the modification and
breakdown of biomaterials. A large number of fat
clearing enzymatic lipases are produced on an
industrial scale. Lipases are commercial utilized in
dairy products for flavor development and
processing other foods, like meat, vegetables, fruit,
baked foods, milk product and beer(Aravindan et al.,
2007).Lipases are extensively used in the dairy
industry for the hydrolysis of milk fat. The dairy
industry lipases are used to modify the lengths of
fatty acid chain that enhance the flavors of cheeses.
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In present application lipase in dairy industry are
used in acceleration of cheese ripening and the
lipolysis of fatty product like cheese and
cream(Ghosh et al., 1996). A whole range of
microbial lipase is prepared M. miehei , A. niger, A.
oryzae and several others used in cheese
manufacturing industry. Lipases have also been used
for addition in food to modify flavor by synthesis of
esters of short chain fatty acids and a1cohols, which
are known flavor and fragrance compounds (Jeon et
al., 2009).
2.5. Lipasesapplications in medical and
pharmaceutical sectors:
Lipases are important in application in
pharmaceuticals in trans-esterification and hydrolysis
reaction. Many microorganisms such as bacteria,
yeasts, molds, and a few protozoa are known to
secrete lipases for the digestion of lipid materials.
The microbes are also well in inhospitable
habitats(Gopinath et al., 2013).Lipases from C.
rugosa,lowers serum cholesterol level. S. marcescens
which have been used to synthesize lovastatin, a
drug in which that lipase was widely used for the
asymmetric hydrolysis of 3- phenylglycidic acid ester
which is vital intermediate in the synthesis of
diltiazem hydrochloride(Gurung et al., 2013; Sharma
& Kanwar, 2014).
2.6.Lipases application in pulp and paper
industry:
Wood is the chief source of paper and pulp industry
and the presence of the pitchi.e hydrophobic
components (mainly triglycerides and waxes) in
wood causes serious problems in the production of
paper and pulp. Lipases are used for paper making
by removing the pitch from pulp produced. In
Japan, Nippon Paper Industries have found a pitch
control system to remove most of the wood
triglycerides. This system is based on the usage of a
lipase from C.rugosa(Braz J. Demuner et al., 2011)
2.7.Lipases as Biosensors:
Immobilized lipases are fast, efficient, accurate and
cost effective as sensors for the quantitative
determination of triacylglycerol. This application is
important in the food industry, especially in fats and
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oils, beverages, soft drinks, pharmaceutical industries
and also in clinical diagnosis.(Ray, 2012b) (The basic
concept of using lipase as biosensors is to generate
glycerol from the triacylglycerol in the analytical
sample and to quantify the released glycerol by a
chemical or enzymatic method.(Pandey et al., 1999;
Ray, 2012b) developed a method for the
determination of organophosphorous pesticides
with a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor by
lipase hydrolysis. A biosensor based on the enzyme-
catalysed dissolution of biodegradable polymer films
has been developed. The polymer-enzyme system;
poly(trimethylene) succinate, was investigated for
use in the sensor, which is degraded by a lipase.
Potential fields of application of such a sensor
system are the detection of enzyme concentrations
and the construction of disposable enzyme based
immunosensors, which employ the polymer-
degrading enzyme as an enzyme label.(Sumner et al.,
2001)Radiolabelled polynucleotide probes have been
employed extensively for the detection of
complementary nucleic acids by specific
hybridization. Within the last few years, various
methods have been developed using enzyme-labelled
probes ton avoid unstable and hazardous isotopes.
By screening various hydrolytic enzymes to fit the
special demands, fungal lipases turned out to be the
most practical.(Hasan et al., 2006). Lipases may be
immobilized onto pH/oxygen electrodes in
combination with glucose oxidase, and these
function as lipid biosensors and may be used in
triglycerides(Ramani & Sekaran, 2012)and blood
cholesterol determinations.(Gandhi, 1997).
2.8. Lipases application in
Waste/effluent/sewage treatment/ oil
biodegradation:
Lipases are utilized in activated sludge and other
aerobic waste processes, where thinlayers of fats
must be continuously removed from the surface of
aerated tanks to permitoxygen transport (to maintain
living nconditions for the biomass). This
skimmedfat-rich liquid is digested with lipases(Bailey
& Ollis, 1986)such as that fromC. rugosa.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold
environments,including Alpine soils, is a result of
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indigenous cold-adapted microorganismsable to
degrade these contaminants. Seven genotypes
involved in the degradation of n-alkanes(Margesin et
al., 2003),aromatic hydrocarbons(Pinkart et al.,
1996), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Khan
et al., 2001) was determined in 12 oil-contaminated
have found that monitoring of soil microbial lipase
activity is a valuable indicator of diesel oil
biodegradation in freshly contaminated,unfertilized
and fertilized soils. Fungal species can be used to
degrade oil spills in the coastal environment, which
mayenhanceecorestoration as well as in the
enzymatic oil processing in industries(Gopinath et
al., 1998).Lipases are utilized in activated sludge and
other aerobic waste processes, where thin layers of
fats must be continuously removed from the surface
of aerated tanks to permit oxygen transport (to
maintain living conditions for the biomass). This
skimmed fat-rich liquid(Gandhi, 1997) is digested
with lipases such as that from C. rugosa. Effective
breakdown of solids and the clearing and prevention
of fat blockage or filming in waste systems are
important in many industrial operations. Examples
include: (i) degradation of organic debris—a
commercial mixture of lipase, cellulase, protease,
amylase, inorganic nutrients, wheat bran, etc. is
employed for this purpose; (ii) sewage treatment,
cleaning of holding tanks, septic tanks, grease
traps,etc. The first stage in the degradation and
recycling of primary sewage sludge and particulate
organic matter is the solubilization and enhanced
hydrolysis of complex polymeric organic carbon
structures associated with the anaerobic
sulphidogenic environment. During the process of
anaerobic digestion, macromolecules are broken
down into simpler low molecular weight compounds
in the presence of extracellular enzymes. The
increased sulphide concentration generated during
the sulphate reduction process stimulates the
enzymes(proteases, lipases and glucosidases) leading
to enhanced solubilization of primary sewage
sludge.(Burgess & Pletschke, 2008)
2.9. Lipases in cosmetics and perfumery:
Lipases have potential application in cosmetics and
perfumeries because it shows activities in surfactants
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and in aroma production.(Metzger & Bornscheuer,
2006)Mono-acylglycerols and diacylglycerols are
produced by esterification of glycerols and are used
as a surfactant in cosmetics and perfume industries.
Unichem International (Spain) has launched the
production of isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate and 2-ethylhexylpalmitate for use as an
emollientin personal care products such as skin and
sun-tan creams, bath oils, etc.
ImmobilizedRhizomucormeihei lipase was used as a
biocatalyst. Retinoids(Vitamin A and derivatives) are
of great commercial potential in cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals such as skin care products.
Reduction of isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate and 2-ethylhexylpalmitate for use as an
emollient in personal care products such as skin and
sun-tan creams, bath oils etc. Wax esters (esters of
fatty acids and fatty alcohols) have similar
applications in personal care products and are also
being manufactured enzymatically.(Gunstone &
Padley, 1997)The company uses C. cylindracea lipase
in a batch bioreactor. According to the
manufacturer, the overall production cost is slightly
higher than that of the conventional method, but the
cost is justified by the improved quality of the final
product(Thierry, 2003).Retinoids (Vitamin A and
derivatives) are of great commercial potential in
cosmetics and pharmaceuticals such as skincare
products. Water-soluble retinol derivatives were
prepared by catalytic reaction of immobilized
lipase.(Ansorge-Schumacher & Thum, 2013)Lipases
have been used in hair waving
preparation.(Andualema & Gessesse, 2012)Lipases
have also been used as a component of topical
antiobese creams(August, 1972) or as oral
administration.
2.10. Lipase in bio diesel:
Biocatalyst based biotechnological applications are
receiving increasing attention. Lipases (triacylglycerol
acyl hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are the important
biocatalysts because of their excellent biochemical
and physiological properties. Lipases are the
hydrolytic enzymes that can be used in various
industrial applications for alcoholic’s, acidosis’s,
aminolysis and hydrolysis reactions. Biodiesel
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production in present of biocatalyst as lipase is a
stunning application. Lipase catalyzed biodiesel
production was reported at 2012. Lipase-catalyzed
trans esterification which involves two steps. Firstly
it involve in hydrolysis of the ester bond and
secondly on esterification with the second substrate
(Fan et al., 2012). Although lipases from different
sources are able to catalyze the same reaction,
bacterial and fungal lipases are mostly used in
biodiesel production such asA.niger,C.antarctica,
C.rugosa, C. viscosum, M. miehei, P.cepacia, P.fluorescens, P.
lipolyticum, Rhizopusoryzae, Streptomyces sp., and T.
lanuginose.C. rugosa, obtained from yeast, is the most
commonly used microorganism used for the
production of lipase (Sharma et al.,
2001).Recently, Streptomyces sp. was investigated as
a potent lipase producing microbe for biodiesel
production and found applicable in the field of
biodiesel(Cho et al., 2012).
3. Conclusion:
On the studies of production of microbial lipases
and the role of lipid substances used as inducers in
lipase production are scanty. Lipases represent an
extremely versatile group of bacterial extracellular
enzymes that are capable of performing a variety of
important reactions, thereby presenting a fascinating
field for future research. The understanding of
structure-function relationships will enable
researchers to tailor new lipases active at low
temperatures for biotechnological applications.
Developments in research are expected from
interchange of experiences between biochemists,
geneticists and biochemical engineers. Wide and
constant screening of new microorganisms for their
lipolytic enzymes at low temperature will open novel
and simpler routes for the synthetic processes.
Consequently, this may pave new ways to solve
biotechnological and environmental problems.
Lipases are remarkable biocatalysts for high-value
application in various industries. Lipases are capable
of catalyzing novel reactions. Thus lipases are
potential tools for the organic chemists. The
widening application of microbial lipases in
biotechnology has necessitated the continued
research and development of novel lipases with
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broad substrate tolerance, and high stability. The
growing demand for lipases has shifted the trend
towards prospecting for novel lipases, improving the
properties of existing lipases for established
technical applications andproducing new enzymes
tailor-made for entirely new areas of application.
Quantitative improvement of the lipase gene can be
achieved by employing recombinant DNA
technology and protein engineering, especially
through site directed mutagenesis and directed
evolution of the strain. Thus, the modern methods
of genetic engineering combined with an increasing
knowledge of structure and function are allowing
further adaptation to industrial needs and the
exploration of novel applications.
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