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INTRODUCTION
Love is blind – a cliché which means that people, in spite their many differences,
imperfections, weaknesses, and faults, still love. According to May, love is defined as:
To love means to care, to recognize the essential humanity of the other person, to
have an active regard for that person’s development (Feist, Feist & Roberts, 2013).
Human being need to be involved after the attainment of his/her physiological and
safety needs. This includes the desire for friendship; the wish for a mate and children; the
aspects of sex and human contact as well as the need to both give and receive love (Feist
et al., 2013).
People who have had their love and belongingness needs adequately satisfied
from early years do not panic when denied love. These people have confidence that they
are accepted by those who are important to them, so when other people reject them, they
In choosing people to love, there are some factors to consider and the most
it attempts to specify the conditions that lead people to like each other. Attraction is a two
way process, involving not only the person who is attracted but also the attractor.
Attraction is the perceived features of the person in need and is also necessary for
Love is Blind: A Phenomenological… |2
affiliation needs such as friendship and yet people meet others who do not become
friends (Myers, 2005). An individual tends to feel attracted to, and to desire people with
higher physical attractiveness (Yela, 2000). People tend to form loving relationships with
people who they perceive as similarly attractive to themselves. In spite of this, people
tend to perceive their partner in a biased way as a little more attractive as themselves.
attractiveness becomes the basis on how to treat other individuals. Those individual who
are more attractive are those who are easily admired by others. Similarly, those who are
more attractive are those who are easily favored and liked. So it seems that people base
their admiration and treating other people on the level of physical attractiveness. The
higher the perceived physical attractiveness, the more chance of being admired and
a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and
space. It protects a person by assuring that they maintain proximity to caring and
supporting others. Attachment makes individual dependent on the people and things
around them and make them forget that they have natural self-esteem. To be attached to
attachment is, it points to a need that an individual is trying to fulfill, and when this fails,
same motivational system that gives rise to the close emotional bond between parents and
their children is responsible for the bond that develops between adults in emotionally
see. In a strict sense, the word “blindness” denotes the inability of a person to distinguish
darkness from bright light in either eye. The terms blind and blindness have been
frequently used to describe severe visual decline in one or both eyes with maintenance of
Discrimination has always been a large challenge for visually impaired people to
overcome. It had never been easy but with the persistence of a few came the victory for
many. Changes were made in their society because a few people refused to give up on
something that meant so much to them. These changes have allowed the visually
impaired person to become equal to the average citizen as opposed to a minor. It has
allowed them to compete with their peers instead of being passed over for a job or a seat
Of course, the importance of appearance won’t be the same for everyone because
physical attractiveness is essentially something that is seen, and individual might predict
that the appearance of a potential partner should matter less to individuals with visual
predicted, the researchers found that as compared to sighted individuals, adolescents with
visual impairments placed less importance on the physical attractiveness of a partner, and
Love is Blind: A Phenomenological… |4
instead emphasized psychological and emotional maturity. As the authors of the study
popular German saying that ‘what is essential is invisible to the eye’ (Swami, n.d).
Since attraction and attachment are some of the foundations of love; and physical
attribution is one thing that is usually considered, forming attachment to others and being
attracted can be a challenge for blind people. Blind people, in choosing a person to love,
are the same as those who are sighted. They might have lack of sight but it doesn’t
indicate a lack of any of the other hormonal influences that inexplicably draw individual
to certain people.
The cliché ‘love is blind” gave the researcher an idea on how blind people choose
someone to love. What is love for a blind person? How then does a blind person admire?
Does beauty play an important role for a blind person to find a partner? How does
“attraction” become possible to them if they don’t have the ability to perceive? What are
The movie “Kita kita” starring Alessandra De Rossi (Lea) and Empoy (Tonyo) is
a story of a woman who suffers temporary blindness due to environmental factors and
later met a strange man who cared for her since then. Despite the physical attribution of
the leading man in the movie, the woman still falls in love with him. The factor she
considers in choosing the man is not what she sees in him because in the first place, the
man is strange to her, but she fell in love with him in the way the man treated her in spite
Love is Blind: A Phenomenological… |5
of her condition. In the end, after all their shared memories during her sightless situation,
she realizes that she needs him. The man died and her sight returned. The researcher in
this study was motivated with what Tonyo says at the end of his letter to Lea, “…alam
mo, ang labo mo. Nung nakakakita ka di mo ko nakita, nung nabulag ka, nakita mo
Aside from such, the researcher was able to watch a documentary film about two
blind married couple who met on a training center for the blind and had two (2) children
already.
This motivated the researcher to study how blind people gets attracted to a person,
how they become attracted emotionally and how love becomes their means to perceive
the world.
All senses are important. They function uniquely in a human body. They make an
individual feel free in doing everyday tasks. However, if one of these senses is lost, it
makes an individual feel unfree and unsecured. In particular, losing the sense of sight
limits the individual to perform daily tasks and hinders them to choose a partner.
The researcher had an observation that blind people usually falls in love with the
one who is always there for them and accepts them in spite of their special needs.
Moreover, in some studies, most of the researches that were conducted regarding
blindness or blind person focuses only on their educational attainment and/or their
occupational status, however there are limited researches on how a blind people become
This study sought to provide an understanding on how blind people gets attracted
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
2. To know what are the factors that they consider in choosing a person to love. In
terms of:
3. To know how blind people develop and form attachment to other person.
4. To know the problems and challenges they faced in choosing a person to love.
This study is significant in such a way that the following people will be benefited
To the society, who are unaware of the conception of love to a blind person, this
study will help them realize that though they are unable to visually perceive the physical
To the Psychology program, who can gain understanding how a blind person
becomes attracted and fall in love with a person, which can be used on the discussions
Love is Blind: A Phenomenological… |7
and Social Psychology with the study on personal and human relations.
To the students who can understand more the situation of the blind people. They
may be able to initiate or participate on the programs regarding how to improve lives of
the blind.
To the blind people, they would feel that, though physical attraction hinders
them to fall in love with an individual and form attachment, they are also normal for they
To the families of the blind, that they may be able to accept and nurture their
children despite their incapacity and that they may be able to support them in their choice
of partner in life.
To the future researchers, in that the results of this study would serve as their
person.
This study aimed to determine how a blind person becomes attracted to a person,
and how they form attachment to an individual. This study was limited to 3 blind couples
Definition of Terms
To better understand the concepts presented in this study, the following terms
Blindness is not having functional use of sight (Smith, 1998). As used in this study, it
respondents.
Webster Dictionary, n.d). As used in this this study, this refers to one of the
by Smith, which sets out to “…capture the experiential and qualitative, and which
could still dialogue with mainstream psychology…” (Smith, et al., 2009). As used
in this study, it refers to the approach that the researcher used in the whole
analysis of the gathered data. Through this method, the researcher will be able to
Love is a feeling of strong or constant regard for and dedication to someone (Merriam,
someone.
Physical Aspect is perceptible especially through the senses and subject to the laws of
Chapter II
This chapter presents the different literature and studies in relation to attraction,
the present study. It has been divided into different parts to have a systematic and
organized presentation. The first part contains information about blindness in particular
with its types and causes. The second part is attraction and impression. The third part
Blindness
Blindness is the inability to see anything, even light. If a person is partially blind,
they have limited vision. Complete blindness means that an individual can’t see at all and
are in total darkness. Legal blindness refers to vision that’s highly compromised. What a
person with healthy eyes can see from 200 feet away, a legally blind person can see only
Being blind is a terrible disability and one that can make life more difficult in a
number of ways. For anyone experiencing blindness, the situation will be equally difficult
and it will be necessary to find a vast range of coping methods to help an individual to get
Genetic defects can lead to vision loss. For instance, albinism can often lead to
vision problems due to the lack of pigment in the eye (which causes more light to enter).
Meanwhile Leber’s congenital amaurosis, a rare inherited eye disease, can lead to
complete blindness from birth or childhood, as can Bardet Biedl syndrome—a genetic
condition which also leads to obesity, hypogonadism, mental difficulties, and renal
vision loss is depression. There are also social manifestations such as higher rates of
unemployment and divorce. It’s not uncommon for patients to report fear and anxiety
related to the anticipation of future vision loss or blindness and phobic anxieties, such as
fear of open spaces, travelling in crowded areas, and being left alone. Economics, race,
culture, and spiritual/religious beliefs can play significant roles. Some social, cultural,
and religious groups may embrace and assist visually impaired people; others may shun
However, when a visual impairment is present from birth (congenital), it will have
a more significant impact on development and learning than if the visual impairment is
required later in life (adventitious). Loss of vision can affect all areas of development.
Social development is affected as children are not able to pick up on non-verbal clues or
if they are unable to make eye contact they may appear disinterested and can reduce
sustained social interactions. Loss of vision impacts motor development as a child may
not be motivated to move toward that which can’t be seen or causes inhibition to move
for fear of the unknown. Exploration of the environment and materials is critical in
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cognitive development not only for motor development but for development of concepts
(Willings, 2017).
if not mitigated. Maladjustment is a secondary burden that further reduces quality of life
of the blind. Adjustment is often personalized and depends on nature and quality of
prevailing psychological support and rehabilitation opportunities. Most of the blind had
passionate about the other. Psychological researches prove that all passions fade away
within a short duration, say about a year, putting the relationship in peril. Therefore, any
relationship based on mere attraction is going to be short-lived unless there are other
reasons to sustain it. Attraction is most often physical and may even be lust. Since
physique of a person never remains the same, the attraction keeps on varying. Other
attributes of a person such as intellect, kindness, caring, serving, etc. cannot attract
another with their passivity. For a rapport, the other person too has to be active to gather
When the other person is actively probing and gathering information, they make
an impression of the person on their mind. So, an impression is a well versed process and
therefore long-lasting. But it is not all for a sound relationship. With an impression, the
person expresses their desire for a relationship and then the other person goes through the
same process of gathering an impression of the first person to decide on the relationship.
Proximity
relationship, or length of time. If someone is sitting next to a person, then they are in
close proximity to them. Likewise, events in time can be either proximal (near each
other) or distal (far apart), and relationships can be close (e.g., a girlfriend or boyfriend)
The factor of living close by is known to play an important role in the early stages
which facilitates attraction. Chances are those who are situated the adjoining room in the
condominium, or catch the same MRT bus home, play significant role in identifying
exposure and greater familiarity, and therefore more liking (Furnham, 2017).
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Research suggests that one of the best predictors is how close people live to each
2012).
Familiarity
As one becomes more familiar with a stimulus, one feels more comfortable with it
and shows more liking for it. This is a way of saying that a friend becomes like your
favorite pair of shoes, something that you feel comfortable about. Zanjonc (as cited by
Apruebo, 2009) has found that the repetitive presentation of a variety of stimuli increases
liking for them. Familiarity enhances liking as a part of a more general effect in which
repetitive presentation of stimuli increases liking for them. The familiarity effect also
extends to the faces of strangers, which are judged as more liked and more attractive
when they are seen more often. In contrast, when something familiar seems different,
people feel uncomfortable. For example, people do not usually like mirror reversals of
Communication
likeable, whereas boring communicators were not only rated as less likeable, but also as
less friendly and more impersonal (Leary, et al., 1986, as cited by Larsen, Ommundsen,
relationships. We are especially fond of people whose ways of relating to others are
similar to our own (Burselon & Samster, 1996, as cited by Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer,
2008).
competence, and nonverbal immediacy behaviors affect social, physical, and task
attraction. Conversational styles such as being animated, relaxed, and attentive during
attractiveness, but the most pronounced effect of competence are on social and task
attractiveness. People tend to like interactions where the other person is emphatic
(responsive to the feelings of others), shows affinity toward them (nonverbal signals of
may be important for increasing attraction. Immediacy are those behaviors that brings
individual psychologically closer to someone, such as making eye contact, nodding their
head in agreement, smiling, having an open and relaxed posture, and communicating in a
positive, friendly, inclusive way. In summary, it involves seeming comfortable with and
interested in the other person. Using verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviors increase
Similarity
Similarity is one type of “grouping rule” that humans follow in an effort to make
sense of the basic sensations and the world around them. They follow these very specific
rules unconsciously, but they are very important for their everyday survival. One
grouping principle is similarity which refers to the tendency for humans to group together
tend to like others who have values and attitudes similar to them. When they meet new
people, they talk with them and learn what they think and feel. This interaction enables
people to discover if they are similar. It is often said that opposites attract, but within the
psychological literature, there is very little evidence this complementarity view. Rather,
the evidence suggests that people who are evenly matched in their physical appearance,
social background, and personality are more likely to be attracted to one another. Studies
of long-term relationships have confirmed that at the time of initial testing, partners are
similar in a number of aspects such as age and education. Over time, partners become
even more similar on measures of mental abilities and attitudes (Furnham, 2017).
2012).
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Complementarity
traits and qualities in social relationships that fill gaps in themselves. This concept
suggests that individuals seek in other traits that they do not have and that “complete”
(Alleydog, n.d).
In addition, the importance of similarity suggests “birds of the same feather flock
together”. But are we not also told that opposites attract? Complementarity personality
traits produce liking for only a few personality traits (Levinger, 1964; Winch, 1955 as
cited by Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer, 2008). When complementarities lead to attraction,
it appears to be a rare exception to the dominant effect of similarity. Even in cases where
personalities are complementary on some traits, they have many more similar traits in
common.
Physical Attractiveness
person’s physical features and aesthetic beauty are. This varies greatly across different
cultures and time periods but some traits are generally universal like facial symmetry and
individuals of average or below average looks and has an advantage in job searches,
warm, modest, and happy, among others expressed the words “What is beautiful is good”
stereotype that is, the belief that physically attractive individuals possess socially
desirable personality traits and lead happier lives than less attractive persons (Franzoi,
2006, cited in Apruebo, 2009). While individuals do not rate this as important, research
suggests it does play a major part. People are rated more favorably if with an attractive
partner, and photos of attractive people are rated as being more popular (Goddard, 2012).
Attachment
Attachment can pertain to all people, regardless of age, but typically relates to the
emotional tie or bond between two people. This is a very powerful bond that is important
for survival—it keeps infants close to their mothers which is important for getting food,
the caregiver, the feeling of security in the child, and the desire to be with the caregiver,
initially exclusively, but later with other significant others (Bowlby, 1988; Cassidy &
Shaver, 1999, as cited by Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer, 2008). The attachments of child
may gradually change and they become fond of the father, grandmother, and other
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relatives, proceeding normally from long attachment to the mother, to establishing new
Foreign Studies
In one classic study on attraction, the main focus was on the proximity of
relationships (Festinger, Schahter, & Back, 1950, cited in Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer,
2008). These researches performed a sociometric study in a housing complex for married
students at MIT called Westgate West. The residents were asked to name their three
closest friends. The majority of the respondents named people who lived in the same
building, even though other housing units were nearby. Even within the building
proximity was a striking factor, with 41 percent naming their next-door neighbors as best
friends, 22 percent named those living two doors away, and only 10 percent pointed to
those living at the end of hallways as close friends. The critical factor was the chance of
by eye contact, listening with rapt attention and leaning forward with interest. Even when
told she had different views, the male participants still expressed great liking for the
woman (Gold, Ryckman, & Mosley, 1984, as cited by Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer,
2008). Regardless of what we show by means of verbal or non-verbal responses, the most
significant factor determining our liking of another is the belief that the person likes us
(Berscheid & Walster, 1978; Kenny, 1994, cited in Larsen, Ommundsen, & Veer, 2008).
When we come to believe someone likes us, we behave in ways that encourage mutual
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liking. We express more warmth, and are more likely to disclose, and behave in pleasant
way. So liking someone works like a self-fulfilling prophecy. Expressing liking elicits
pleasant behavior and reciprocal liking (Curtis & Miller, 1986, as cited by Larsen,
Shaver (1987, as cited by Feist, et al., 2013), who predicted that different types of early
attachment styles would distinguish the kind, duration, and stability of adult love
relationships. More specifically, these investigators expected that people who had
securely early attachments with their caregivers would experience more trust, closeness,
and positive emotions in their adult relationships than would people in either of the two
insecure groups. Likewise, they predicted that avoidant adults would fear closeness and
lack trust, whereas anxious-ambivalent adults would be preoccupied with and obsessed
by their relationships.
Moreover, using college students and other adults, Hazan and Shaver (1987, as
cited by Feist, et al., 2013) found support for each of these predictions. Securely attached
adults experienced more trust and closeness in their love relationships than avoidant or
anxious-ambivalent adults. Moreover, the researchers found that securely attached adults
were more likely than insecure adults were less cynical about love in general, had longer
lasting relationships, and were less likely to divorce than either avoidant or anxious-
ambivalent adults.
In London, Dr. Pasqualotto led a study in the University of Bath then later
published on the Daily Mail a study that born blind people have more accurate memories
than those with sight, they also had the best verbal memory skills in test achieved through
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listening to a series of words. The study work revealed that the congenitally blind people
In addition, findings from a Canadian research team investigating this link suggest
that not only is there a real connection between vision and other senses, but that
connection is important to better understand the underlying mechanisms that can quickly
trigger sensory changes. This may demystify the true potential of human adaptation and,
ultimately, help develop innovative and effective methods for rehabilitation following
sensory loss or injury. Studies have shown, in terms of hearing, that blind people are
better at localizing sound. One study even suggested that blindness might improve the
ability to differentiate between sound frequencies. The supposed enhanced tactile abilities
have been studied at a greater degree and can be seen as early as days or even minutes
following blindness. This rapid change in auditory ability hasn’t yet been clearly
demonstrated.
behaviors experienced during the childhood of adults with congenital blindness are
associated with their subsequent development and personality. Many researchers have
congenitally blind child relationships. One open question is whether these behaviors may
whether they may have a functionally adaptive-strategic role. The purpose of this study
was to discriminate between two hypotheses. This objective was pursued by adopting the
with congenital blindness. Results suggested that directive and overprotective maternal
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behaviors are experienced by the persons with congenital blindness as encouraging and
attitude. Results did not support the hypothesis that directive and overprotective maternal
in students of a school for children with blindness found out that among the 40 blind
school children 60 percent have experienced difficulty in their life. This study showed
that blindness or low vision have psychological implications like feeling of guilt, anxiety,
Local Studies
According to The Philippine Star (2014), more than two million Filipinos are
projected to develop visual impairment during that year due to various reasons, ranging
from chronic illnesses to aging, according to an expert from the Philippine Academy of
Opthalmology (PAO). In a press briefing, PAO member Carlos Emmanuel Chua noted
that based on research of the Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal of the Philippine General
Hospital in 2012 and 2013, around 2.4 million individuals will be visually impaired that
year.
and smell in an undergraduate thesis in 2011 at De la Salle State University, it was found
that there is a relationship between human body scent and physical attractiveness. This
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was proven through Major Histocompatibility Complex genes and facial symmetry
selection is also a factor that supports the idea of mate preference in humans. In this
study, t-shirts worn by 40 males for two consecutive nights and 40 facial photographs
were used as instruments for the basis of attraction. Female participants rate the shirts and
the facial photographs of males. Findings from this study showed no significant
Theoretical Framework
Reward theory of attraction is a theory that states we like those whose behavior is
rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events. Those who reward us, or
whom we associate with rewards, we like. This suggests that when a person associates
their partner with pleasant activities, relationship lasts (Myers & Twenge, 2017). This
will help us understand why people everywhere feel attracted to those who are warm,
trustworthy, and responsive (Flechter, et al., 1999; Regan, 1998; Wojciske, et al., 1998,
This means that an individual will be more likely to like people who gives more
and not want a lot in return. An individual can look at the social benefits to find the
reason behind attraction. This theory will help explain some of the influences of
needs for love, for security and for belongingness; when another gratifies our deficiency
needs, we love the other in return (Berscheid & Walster, 1978). According to Maslow:
This came from the theory of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It means
that after attaining the biological and security needs, an individual needs love and
belongingness. The need for attachment includes both love and belongingness. However,
the need for love and belongingness may overcome the biological and security needs but
Adult attachment theory states that adult romantic relationship and infant-
caregiver relationships include the same emotion and behavior dynamics that use a
similar biological system. The attachment patterns of adult romantic relationships are
involves attachment and caregiving. Adult attachment theory holds that there is a matrix
which determines an individual’s attachment pattern based off of whether they have
Individual’s attachment relationship begin developing at birth and their early experiences
strategies as a way to protect themselves in intimate relationships and can become either
Research Paradigm
Figure 1 shows the input, process, and output expected in the conduct of this
research work. The input contains the demographic profile of the respondents including
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the age and sex. The process includes in-depth interview which was conducted through
the use of a guide questionnaire focused on the factors that they consider in choosing a
person to love, how blind people develop and form attachment to other person, and the
gathered. This process will serve as the gateway in achieving the information needed to
supplement the answers for this research’s objectives. Triangulation was done to validate
Lastly, the output of this research are the factors blind people consider in
choosing a person to love; and how they develop and form attachment to other person;
and the problems and challenges they face in choosing a person to love.
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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology which highlight the underlying
principles that eventually supported the study and the methods used in gathering data.
Research Locale
The study was conducted in Lucena City. The researcher resides in this place and
conducted the study in this area because it was more time efficient.
Research Design
guide questionnaire was used. The analysis of data was done through Interpretative
Respondents
The respondents of this study were 3 congenitally blind couples aged 21-39
Instrumentation
An interview guide questionnaire was used on the interview, which was divided
into parts to make the flow of the interview systematic and logical. With the consent of
the respondents, the researcher used a voice recorder so that all data were recorded
accurately. An informal interview with the respondents was used so that the respondents
were able to fully express their thoughts and ideas. All the guide questions were based on
1. Request letters were made and forwarded to the authorities involved in conducting the
study.
2. After the respondents were identified, consent was asked from the participants.
3. The researcher oriented the respondents about the purpose of the study.
5. The interview was conducted at the residence of the respondents and in their
workplace.
9. The generalization and recommendations were formulated based from the findings.
Data Analysis
Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The researcher analyzed the data and grouped the
gathered information accordingly. The objectives of the study were the basis of the
questions given to the respondents. The data and information were analyzed and were
Chapter IV
This chapter presents the results of the study. Given were analysis and
Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their age,
and sex. The ages of the respondents ranged from 21 to 39. There are three (3) females
and three (3) males who participated in the research. Mahinhin is the wife of Matapang,
Maganda is the wife of Makisig, and Mayumi is the wife of Maliksi. Looking at their age,
it appeared that the age gaps of each couple are somehow far from each other; 15, 9, and
According to DiDonato (2017), couples with large age gaps might experience
relationship timetable such as plans for the future, supports from family or friends,
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having or not having a child, being financially prepared, and being compatible with their
goals.
Table 2.1 shows the physical aspect that blind person considers in choosing a
person to love. It appeared that only two of the chosen respondents had mentioned the
individuals, adolescents with visual impairments give less importance on the physical
attributes of an individual but rather focus on their psychological and emotional maturity.
Attitude
“Sa ugali naman, mayroon naman akong nagustuhan”
Attitude “Ano…yun nga, naramdaman ko na mahal ko sya tapos mahal nya din
naman ako”
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Table 2.2 shows the emotional aspect that blind people considers in choosing a
person to love. It appeared that majority of the respondents based their admiration to
values. Studies of long-tern relationships have confirmed that at the time of initial testing,
partners are similar in a number of aspects such as age and education. Over time, partners
Religious
“mayroon naman akong nagustuhan kasi mas kaparehas
kami ng religion”
Table 2.3 shows the social aspect that blind people considers in choosing a person
to love. It appeared that blind people are attracted to those who are caring. However, they
also consider individuals whom they feel a mutual understanding with, religious, and
open.
and cheerful personality, which seems to bring the best out in others, and in one’s self.
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Blind “Pag sa side ko, mas okay na yung blind kesa sighted kasi bihira yung
sighted na maging totoo sa ibang tao eh”
Sighted/Blind “Depende rin po kasi yun kasi para sa akin po mayroon naman pong
time na sa normal yun pong hindi binabasehan kung normal o hindi yun
nafi-feel kong tanggap ako. Normal man o PWD.”
Blind “Sa taong kagaya naming po kasi…mas nakakaintindi sila sa amin eh,
ganun din sila”
Sighted/Blind “Parehas lang. Kasi may mga kaibigan akong normal ang paningin at
mayroon din akong kaibigang bulag. Pero kung tatanungin mo ako
kung kanino ako palagi nagsasasama, ay sa bulag ako lagi nasama kasi
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Blind “Ahh…sa akin ay…ano sa…blind, kasi bata pa lang ako ay ang lagi ko
kalaro ay mga nakakakita kumbagay nakisalamuha ako sa kanila pero
nung pumasok ako sa Vibes, dun ko nalman na mas maganda pala
kasama ang mga blind, at least ramdam mo na hindi ka pala nag-iisa,
may kasama ka.”
Sighted/Blind “Parehas lang kasi para sa akin, natutulungan nila ako na tanggapin
kung ano at sino ako.”
Table 3 shows how blind people develop and form attachment to other person. It
pertains to whom they are comfortable with; to those who are sighted or to those who are
also blind. It appeared that most of them find security to those who are also blind.
According to Myers and Twenge (2017), friends, engaged couples, and spouses
are far more likely than randomly paired people to share common attitudes, beliefs, and
values. Furthermore, the greater the similarity between husband and wife, the happier
they are and the less likely they are to divorce. Blind people find security with other blind
Table 4. Problems and challenges that were encountered by the blind person on the
process of choosing the person to love
Problem Statement
Financial “Sa aming dalawang pagsasama, wala naman kaso nga lang yung
mga kapatid nya, parang yung hingi ng hingi sa kanya na hindi
naman sa akin nagsasabi, sa kanya lang. Dapat kung yung…mga
kapatid nya dapat sasabihin din sa akin kung ano yung hinihingi
nila sa kuya nila.”
Family/Acceptance “Ano kasi nung magkasama na kami nung bago kami ikasal,
parang dun may mga problemang dumating, dun sa side ko, sa
side nya tinatanong nung magulang nya kung kaya ko daw ba na
mabuhay, makasama habangbuhay, kakayain, sabi ko tapos sa
akin naman sa side ko sabi ng mga kamag-anak ko baka daw
lokohin lang ako eh… yung ibang kamag-anak ko kumontra eh
kung maiiwasan ko daw ay iwasan ko.”
Family/Acceptance “Yung kwan yung ano nya, yung ayaw sa akin ng parents nya at
baka daw ayun mahirapan pero pinakita ko sa kanila na hindi
hadlang yun na kahit ganto paningin ko hindi hadlang na hindi ko
sya kayang buhayin yun yung pinakita ko sa kanila.”
Table 4 shows the problems and challenges blind people encounter in choosing a
person to love. It appeared that common among the blind person’s problems faced is that
their family does not support their relationship and find it hard to accept them because as
a blind person, their family does not want them to be in a relationship with another blind
person because they have the fear that their children will be cheated.
General Discussion
The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of how blind people are
attracted and form attachment. Out of curiosity whether how they are able to be attracted
able to find attraction and be attached to an individual, the study was conducted. Findings
in this study show that blind people perceive love in different ways as sighted
individual.
In terms on how they find security, it appeared that they are more comfortable to
be with the blind person for they believe that being with them makes them feel normal. In
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terms of the problems they faced not only on a day to day basis but on how they are able
to choose a person to love, it appeared that they have in common, it is their family
discourages them to choose the person they love and find it hard to accept them. It
appeared that having a personal relation makes them comfortable and happy of who they
are.
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Chapter V
This chapter presents the summary, findings derived from the analysis and
formulated thereafter.
Summary
This study sought to provide an understanding on how blind people get attracted
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
2. To know what are the factors that they consider in choosing a person to love.
3. To know how blind people develop and form attachment to other person.
4. To know the problems and challenges they faced in choosing a person to love.
The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The instrument
used in the data gathering is an interview guide questionnaire that was used in the semi-
In order to gather data, request letters were made and forwarded to the authorities
involved in conducting the study. After the respondents were identified, consent was
asked from the participants. The researcher oriented the respondents about the purpose of
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the study. The schedule of interview was set. The interview was conducted at the
After the interviews, the results were then interpreted and analyzed by the
researcher. Triangulation was also done to validate the answers of the respondents.
Findings
1.1. In terms of age, the result showed that the respondents’ ages lie between the early
1.2. In terms of sex, there were three (3) females and three (3) males who participated
2.1. In terms of physical aspect, blind people do not consider the physical attribute of
a person to choose them. For them, it has to be given less importance in choosing
a person to love.
2.2. In terms of emotional aspect, majority of blind people consider the attitude of a
2.3. In terms of social aspect, they are attracted to people who care for them.
However, mutual understanding, becoming religious, and one’s openness are also
considered.
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3. Based on the analysis of the gathered data, it appeared that blind people find security
and become attached to those who are blind like them for they are able to find
4. In the study, blind people faced common problems and challenges in choosing a
person to love wherein family acceptance hinders them to choose the person they
love.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that blind people find
attraction in an individual based on the person’s maturity and personality such as being
kind and showing them care. On the other hand, their attachment is based on whom they
Recommendations
Based on the findings revealed and conclusions drawn from the study, the
1. Future researchers may conduct intervention on the family of the blind people.
2. Future researchers may conduct a study regarding the attraction of blind people
3. Future researchers may conduct a study regarding the attachment styles of blind
people.