Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UTICA
· Glodes Corners field:
– 3He/4He: 1.53 – 2.74 X 10‐7
– R/Ra: 0.019 – 0.196 TRENTON
· Modestly elevated – possible
mantle component
· 1.2 – 2.3% mantle‐derived 4He BLACK RIVER
– Most He crustal in origin, but
mantle He flux in the field is
significant compared to other
Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in
the region.
– Reflects the association of deep‐ BASEMENT
seated basement faulting and
fracturing at the northern margin
of the play
100
Marshlands is strange
80
Black River
60 Original
Marshlands
Mass fractionation Gas/Water
at relatively cool temperatures
40
possible early gas generation
20
Atm loss in reservoir with 40Ar production possible early oil fm and loss
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
· Mud gases are the “free” gas that comes out of the formation that
has been circulated up in the mud
– Gas isotopes usually compare well with “true” formation gas
– Gas molecular composition usually drier (e.g., excess C1) than true
formation gas
– Gas recycling can be a problem
· Headspace gases are the gases liberated into the headspace
volume that have evolved out of the cuttings
– Gas isotopes usually heavier than true formation gas
– Gas molecular composition usually wetter (e.g., excess C2+) than
true formation gas
– Used mainly in source rock evaluation, show detection and surface
geochemistry
Toe section
Heel section
10100
C2 IsoTubes A SL-2B
C3
10200 C1
C2 MDT
SL-3
10300
10400
C3
B
10500 SL-4
10600
C
MeasuredDepth(feet)
10700
SL-4B
10800
10900 SL-5
SL-6
11000
D
11100
SL-6B
11200
11300
SL-7
11400
11500
GOC
11600
11700 SL-8
11800
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
12100 - Approximate Analytical Precision (±0.1‰; MDT)
12200 SL-10
C13 (‰)
10100
Well #2 Well #1 SL-2B
10200
10300
SL-3
10400
10500
10600
MeasuredDepth(feet)
10700 SL-4
10800
10900 SL-5
11000 SL-6
11100
SL-6B
11200
11300
SL-7
11400
11500
11600
11700
SL-8
11800
11900
12000 C1
C2 SL-9
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
12100
C3
12200
C13 (‰)
© 2009 Weatherford Laboratories. All rights reserved.
Case Study: NW Germany Rotliegend Gas Field
1.1
dDC2 d13C2
N1
1.0
N2
0.9
N3
0.8 N3
dDC1 0.7 d13C3 N4
N5
S2
S3
S4
d13iC5 d13iC4
d13nC4
-80 -80
Microbial Gas Microbial Gas
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Microbial Gas
-70 -70 Acetate Fermentation
Undersaturated Oils
-60 -60
Mixed Gas Saturated Oils
13CMethane(‰)
Microbial
Mixed Gas Saturated Gases
Gas
-50 Acetate -50 Undersaturated Gases
Fermentation Mature Gas
Mature Gas
Formed With Oil Formed With Oil
-40 -40
Post-Mature Post-Mature
SaturationPressure(psi)
-30 Post -30 Post-Mature
Mature Dry Gas
Dry Gas
9000
Modified after Schoell, 1983
-20 -20
7000
6000
5000
4000
From Weissenburger and Borbas (2003) -68 -66 -64 -62 -60 -58 -56 -54 -52 -50
© 2009 Weatherford Laboratories. All rights reserved.
13CMethane (‰)
Introduction to Petroleum Isotope Geochemistry
Stable Isotope Applications in
Liquids:
· Correlation of whole oils,
bitumens, and kerogen
· Quantitative estimates of oil co‐
sources
· Marine versus terrigenous
organic input
· Compound Specific Isotope
Analysis (CSIA)
· Reconstruction of
paleoenvironment
· CSIA for correlation
· Distributed source rock sampling
· CSIA of carboxylic acids
10
‐27.5
‐28.0
‐28.5
d13C
‐29.0
‐29.5
‐30.0
‐30.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
d13C Saturate ‐29.9 ‐29.8 ‐29.8 ‐29.6 ‐29.6 ‐29.8 ‐29.9 ‐29.7 ‐29.8 ‐29.6 ‐29.5
d13C Aromatic ‐28.4 ‐28.5 ‐28.5 ‐28.2 ‐28.1 ‐28.6 ‐28.7 ‐28.3 ‐28.5 ‐28.4 ‐28.4
‐28.8
d13C Saturates
Utica
Wantz well
Trenton
© 2013 Weatherford. All rights reserved.
Related Applications of Geochemistry
Geochemistry solves problems throughout the lifespan of a field
Identifying Production
fluid contacts Allocation