Porosity

Porosity
Cluster Porosity
Cluster Porosity
Aligned Root-Pass Porosity
Aligned Root-Pass Porosity
Hollow Bead
Incomplete Fusion

Causes:
•Incomplete penetration of arc
•Inadequate welding current
•Poor joint fit-up
Incomplete fusion - Sidewall
Incomplete fusion - Sidewall
Incomplete Penetration

Cause:
•Poor joint design
•Welding technique
Incomplete Penetration
Incomplete Penetration
Incomplete Penetration
Incomplete Penetration
Cracks

Causes:
•Stress - thermal/mechanical
•Welding technique
•Electrode material (wrong alloy)
Transverse Cracks
Transverse Cracks
Longitudinal Root Crack
Longitudinal Root Crack
Slag Inclusion

Causes:
•Non-removal
•Welding technique
Elongated Slag
Elongated Slag
Interpass Slag
Interpass Slag
Burn Through

Cause:
•Welding technique
•Poor joint fit-up
Burn Through
Burn Through
Root Concavity

Cause:
•Welding technique
•Poor joint fit-up
Root Concavity
Root Concavity
Undercut

Cause:
•Welding technique – excessive heat
Internal Undercut
Internal Undercut
External Undercut
External Undercut
Excessive Penetration

Cause:
•Welding technique – excessive arc
penetration
•Poor joint fit-up
Excessive Penetration
Excessive Penetration
Lack of Fill

Cause:
•Welding technique
Lack of Fill
Lack of Fill
Tungsten Inclusion

Cause:
•Welding technique
Tungsten Inclusions
Tungsten Inclusions
Mismatch - Hi low

Cause:
•Poor joint fit-up
Mismatch
Mismatch
Weld Spatter

Cause:
•Poor joint fit-up
•Welding technique
Miscellaneous
Film Handling And
Processing Defects
Scratches
Finger prints
Crimp marks
Light Leaks
Chemical Stains
Roller Marks & Artifacts
Scratches
Chemical Stains
Light Leaks
Static Marks
Store film upright
Artifacts
Water marks
Crimp marks