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Strap Footing Design

Strap Footing Design(ACI 318-11)


Design For Strap Footing 1

Design For Strap Footing 2

Design For Strap Footing 3

Strap Footing 1

Input Parameters

Footing Geometry

Left Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm
Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Right Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm
Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Concrete and Rebar Properties

Unit Weight of Concrete : 24.000 kN/m3


Strength of Concrete : 28.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 390.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : 12
Maximum Bar Size : 16
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.000 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 250.000 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm

Soil Properties

Unit Weight : 20.000 kN/m3


Soil Bearing Capacity : 60.000 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity Type : Gross Bearing Capacity
Soil Surcharge : 10.000 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 1250.000 mm
Depth of Water Table : 20000.000 mm

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Other Parameters

Footing Plan Increment : 50.000 mm


Footing Thickness Increment : 50.000 mm
Beam Depth : 500.000 mm
Beam Width : 250.000 mm
Coefficient of Friction : 0.400
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.500
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.500

------------------------------------------------------

Load Combination/s- Service Stress Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
100 1D+1PE+1EE
101 1D+1PE+1EE+1M+1I+1L
102 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX+
103 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX-
104 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ+
105 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ-
106 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
107 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
108 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
109 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
110 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX+
111 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX-
112 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ+
113 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ-
114 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
115 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
116 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
117 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
118 1D+1L+1PO+1EO+1TH+1J+1A
119 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+
120 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
121 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
122 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
123 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
124 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
125 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
126 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
127 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+
128 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
129 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
130 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
131 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
132 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
133 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
134 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
135 1D+1L+1PT+1ET
136 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX+
137 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX-
138 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ+
139 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ-
Load Combination/s- Strength Level
Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
200 1.4D+1.4PE+1.4EE
201 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6M+1.6I+1.6L
202 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6WX+
203 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WX-
204 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ+

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Load Combination/s- Strength Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
205 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ-
206 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX++0.3EZ+
207 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX-+0.3EZ-
208 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ++0.3EX+
209 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ-+0.3EX-
210 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX+
211 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX-
212 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ+
213 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ-
214 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX++0.3EZ+
215 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX-+0.3EZ-
216 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ++0.3EX+
217 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ-+0.3EX-
218 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2TH+1.6J+1.2A
219 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX+
220 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX-
221 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ+
222 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ-
223 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
224 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
225 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
226 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
227 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX+
228 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX-
229 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ+
230 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ-
231 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
232 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
233 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
234 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
235 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PT+1.2ET
236 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX+
237 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX-
238 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ+
239 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ-

As two isolated footings are identically grouped, so for detail drawing, the maximum dimensions/reinforcements are taken into consideration(as below).

Footing Length (L) = 2.20m


Footing Width (W) = 2.20m
Footing Depth (D) = 0.30m
Top reinforcement along X = #12 @ 188.800 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along X = #12 @ 188.800 mm o.c.
Top reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 188.800 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 188.800 mm o.c.

Footing 5

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 9.372 -0.254 -0.476 -0.752 0.000
101 19.742 -0.665 -1.184 -1.869 0.000
102 10.342 4.500 -4.878 -4.886 0.000
103 9.372 -0.254 -0.476 -0.752 0.000
104 13.768 -2.932 -4.962 -9.439 0.000
105 9.372 -0.254 -0.476 -0.752 0.000
106 7.617 2.211 -1.046 -2.081 0.000
107 11.044 -2.723 0.080 0.548 0.000
108 7.129 0.822 2.434 6.191 0.000

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Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
109 11.570 -1.330 -3.388 -7.700 0.000
110 17.877 3.003 -4.309 -4.690 0.000
111 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000
112 20.447 -2.571 -4.372 -8.105 0.000
113 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000
114 15.395 1.902 -1.577 -2.919 0.000
115 18.822 -3.032 -0.451 -0.290 0.000
116 14.907 0.513 1.902 5.354 0.000
117 19.348 -1.638 -3.919 -8.538 0.000
118 19.742 -0.665 -1.184 -1.869 0.000
119 17.877 3.003 -4.309 -4.690 0.000
120 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000
121 20.447 -2.571 -4.372 -8.105 0.000
122 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000
123 15.395 1.902 -1.577 -2.919 0.000
124 18.822 -3.032 -0.451 -0.290 0.000
125 14.907 0.513 1.902 5.354 0.000
126 19.348 -1.638 -3.919 -8.538 0.000
127 10.099 3.311 -3.778 -3.853 0.000
128 9.372 -0.254 -0.476 -0.752 0.000
129 12.669 -2.262 -3.840 -7.267 0.000
130 9.372 -0.254 -0.476 -0.752 0.000
131 7.617 2.211 -1.046 -2.081 0.000
132 11.044 -2.723 0.080 0.548 0.000
133 7.129 0.822 2.434 6.191 0.000
134 11.570 -1.330 -3.388 -7.700 0.000
135 19.742 -0.665 -1.184 -1.869 0.000
136 17.877 3.003 -4.309 -4.690 0.000
137 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000
138 20.447 -2.571 -4.372 -8.105 0.000
139 17.149 -0.562 -1.007 -1.590 0.000

Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 13.120 -0.355 -0.666 -1.053 0.000
201 27.839 -0.962 -1.705 -2.690 0.000
202 12.798 7.301 -7.615 -7.517 0.000
203 8.435 -0.228 -0.428 -0.677 0.000
204 15.469 -4.514 -7.606 -14.575 0.000
205 8.435 -0.228 -0.428 -0.677 0.000
206 5.928 3.292 -1.242 -2.575 0.000
207 10.824 -3.756 0.366 1.180 0.000
208 5.231 1.308 3.728 9.243 0.000
209 11.576 -1.766 -4.588 -10.602 0.000
210 23.168 6.890 -8.323 -8.633 0.000
211 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000
212 28.651 -5.001 -8.457 -15.918 0.000
213 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000
214 19.110 2.805 -2.094 -3.918 0.000
215 24.006 -4.244 -0.486 -0.162 0.000
216 18.413 0.821 2.877 7.900 0.000
217 24.757 -2.253 -5.440 -11.945 0.000
218 27.839 -0.962 -1.705 -2.690 0.000
219 23.168 6.890 -8.323 -8.633 0.000
220 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000
221 28.651 -5.001 -8.457 -15.918 0.000
222 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000
223 19.110 2.805 -2.094 -3.918 0.000

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Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
224 24.006 -4.244 -0.486 -0.162 0.000
225 18.413 0.821 2.877 7.900 0.000
226 24.757 -2.253 -5.440 -11.945 0.000
227 9.695 5.951 -6.151 -6.051 0.000
228 8.435 -0.228 -0.428 -0.677 0.000
229 14.150 -3.710 -6.260 -11.969 0.000
230 8.435 -0.228 -0.428 -0.677 0.000
231 5.928 3.292 -1.242 -2.575 0.000
232 10.824 -3.756 0.366 1.180 0.000
233 5.231 1.308 3.728 9.243 0.000
234 11.576 -1.766 -4.588 -10.602 0.000
235 27.839 -0.962 -1.705 -2.690 0.000
236 23.168 6.890 -8.323 -8.633 0.000
237 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000
238 28.651 -5.001 -8.457 -15.918 0.000
239 21.616 -0.716 -1.280 -2.020 0.000

Footing 11

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 12.785 0.270 -0.244 -0.636 0.000
101 25.703 0.713 -0.633 -1.648 0.000
102 14.765 3.124 -6.306 -7.667 0.000
103 12.785 0.270 -0.244 -0.636 0.000
104 19.268 3.203 -5.591 -16.085 0.000
105 12.785 0.270 -0.244 -0.636 0.000
106 13.305 2.016 2.557 9.989 0.000
107 12.169 -1.480 -3.045 -11.258 0.000
108 10.939 1.002 4.368 16.773 0.000
109 14.586 -0.463 -4.861 -18.059 0.000
110 23.959 2.743 -5.082 -6.668 0.000
111 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000
112 27.336 2.802 -4.546 -12.982 0.000
113 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000
114 22.993 2.348 2.265 9.230 0.000
115 21.857 -1.148 -3.336 -12.017 0.000
116 20.628 1.334 4.077 16.014 0.000
117 24.275 -0.130 -5.152 -18.818 0.000
118 25.703 0.713 -0.633 -1.648 0.000
119 23.959 2.743 -5.082 -6.668 0.000
120 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000
121 27.336 2.802 -4.546 -12.982 0.000
122 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000
123 22.993 2.348 2.265 9.230 0.000
124 21.857 -1.148 -3.336 -12.017 0.000
125 20.628 1.334 4.077 16.014 0.000
126 24.275 -0.130 -5.152 -18.818 0.000
127 14.270 2.411 -4.791 -5.909 0.000
128 12.785 0.270 -0.244 -0.636 0.000
129 17.647 2.470 -4.254 -12.223 0.000
130 12.785 0.270 -0.244 -0.636 0.000
131 13.305 2.016 2.557 9.989 0.000
132 12.169 -1.480 -3.045 -11.258 0.000
133 10.939 1.002 4.368 16.773 0.000
134 14.586 -0.463 -4.861 -18.059 0.000
135 25.703 0.713 -0.633 -1.648 0.000
136 23.959 2.743 -5.082 -6.668 0.000
137 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000

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Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
138 27.336 2.802 -4.546 -12.982 0.000
139 22.474 0.603 -0.535 -1.395 0.000

Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 17.899 0.378 -0.342 -0.890 0.000
201 36.011 1.033 -0.915 -2.382 0.000
202 18.510 4.891 -9.993 -12.013 0.000
203 11.507 0.243 -0.220 -0.572 0.000
204 21.879 4.936 -8.775 -25.291 0.000
205 11.507 0.243 -0.220 -0.572 0.000
206 12.249 2.737 3.781 14.606 0.000
207 10.626 -2.258 -4.221 -15.747 0.000
208 8.869 1.288 6.369 24.297 0.000
209 14.079 -0.804 -6.815 -25.463 0.000
210 31.428 5.334 -10.381 -13.025 0.000
211 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000
212 38.633 5.460 -9.237 -26.494 0.000
213 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000
214 29.003 3.261 3.319 13.403 0.000
215 27.380 -1.733 -4.683 -16.950 0.000
216 25.623 1.812 5.908 23.095 0.000
217 30.833 -0.280 -7.277 -26.666 0.000
218 36.011 1.033 -0.915 -2.382 0.000
219 31.428 5.334 -10.381 -13.025 0.000
220 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000
221 38.633 5.460 -9.237 -26.494 0.000
222 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000
223 29.003 3.261 3.319 13.403 0.000
224 27.380 -1.733 -4.683 -16.950 0.000
225 25.623 1.812 5.908 23.095 0.000
226 30.833 -0.280 -7.277 -26.666 0.000
227 14.080 3.954 -8.101 -9.712 0.000
228 11.507 0.243 -0.220 -0.572 0.000
229 19.935 4.056 -7.171 -20.657 0.000
230 11.507 0.243 -0.220 -0.572 0.000
231 12.249 2.737 3.781 14.606 0.000
232 10.626 -2.258 -4.221 -15.747 0.000
233 8.869 1.288 6.369 24.297 0.000
234 14.079 -0.804 -6.815 -25.463 0.000
235 36.011 1.033 -0.915 -2.382 0.000
236 31.428 5.334 -10.381 -13.025 0.000
237 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000
238 38.633 5.460 -9.237 -26.494 0.000
239 28.260 0.767 -0.681 -1.775 0.000

Footing 5

Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

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Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 3.285 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.00 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Width (W2) = 2.00 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m

Area (A2) = 4.00 m2


Weight of Soil = 70.66 kN
Weight of Footing = 50.03 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m2)

104 59.1667 52.3499 26.6559 33.4727 0.0000

117 57.1704 53.3612 31.4421 35.2512 0.0000

116 36.3724 37.5658 50.0194 48.8260 0.0000

116 36.3724 37.5658 50.0194 48.8260 0.0000

If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

104 55.9668 49.1500 23.4560 30.2728

117 53.9705 50.1614 28.2422 32.0513

116 34.3659 33.1726 45.6261 46.8195

116 34.3659 33.1726 45.6261 46.8195

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 184.879 98.594 86.996 78.711 298.192

101 76.775 43.105 37.586 34.447 123.830

102 10.509 9.694 7.126 9.498 16.951

103 184.879 98.594 86.996 78.711 298.192

104 16.597 9.808 8.444 7.102 26.769

105 184.879 98.594 86.996 78.711 298.192

106 20.901 44.181 18.893 31.199 33.711

107 17.468 594.600 17.461 176.991 28.175

108 55.988 18.903 17.910 11.543 90.303

109 35.930 14.104 13.129 9.224 57.951

110 16.751 11.674 9.578 11.062 27.018

111 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

112 19.968 11.742 10.122 8.624 32.206

113 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

114 25.925 31.265 19.957 22.985 41.815

115 16.717 112.262 16.535 128.052 26.964

116 95.693 25.820 24.929 14.790 154.344

117 31.064 12.985 11.981 8.707 50.104

118 76.775 43.105 37.586 34.447 123.830

119 16.751 11.674 9.578 11.062 27.018

120 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

121 19.968 11.742 10.122 8.624 32.206

122 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

123 25.925 31.265 19.957 22.985 41.815

124 16.717 112.262 16.535 128.052 26.964

125 95.693 25.820 24.929 14.790 154.344

126 31.064 12.985 11.981 8.707 50.104

127 14.252 12.493 9.395 12.154 22.987

128 184.879 98.594 86.996 78.711 298.192

129 21.315 12.557 10.819 9.120 34.379

130 184.879 98.594 86.996 78.711 298.192

131 20.901 44.181 18.893 31.199 33.711

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.
132 17.468 594.600 17.461 176.991 28.175

133 55.988 18.903 17.910 11.543 90.303

134 35.930 14.104 13.129 9.224 57.951

135 76.775 43.105 37.586 34.447 123.830

136 16.751 11.674 9.578 11.062 27.018

137 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

138 19.968 11.742 10.122 8.624 32.206

139 88.972 49.657 43.361 39.679 143.503

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : 4.500 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 47.291 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 10.509
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 104
Governing Overturning Moment : -17.129 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 121.652 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 7.102

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : -4.878 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 47.291 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 9.694
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 102
Governing Overturning Moment : -6.975 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 118.226 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 16.951

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 102

Governing Disturbing Force : 6.637 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 47.291 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 7.126

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

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Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 48.41 kN, Load Case # 212

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 417.39 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.50 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 313.04 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 212 = = 33.41 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 438.98 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.49 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 329.24 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 210 = = 21.13 kN

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0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 210

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 0.73 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 11.82 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 13.13 kNm

Required = = 0.00028

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1200.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 685.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 11

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1244.06 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00255

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

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Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 0.73 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 18.18 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 20.20 kNm

Required = = 0.00048

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1200.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 685.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 11

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1244.06 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00268

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Footing 11

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Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 3.980 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.20 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Width (W2) = 2.20 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m

Area (A2) = 4.84 m2


Weight of Soil = 86.62 kN
Weight of Footing = 56.09 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
2
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m )

104 54.0368 59.6318 31.7368 26.1418 0.0000

117 59.1390 58.9113 28.7035 28.9311 0.0000

116 29.4180 31.7485 56.9174 54.5869 0.0000

116 29.4180 31.7485 56.9174 54.5869 0.0000

If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

104 56.9831 51.3881 23.4931 29.0881

117 56.4903 56.2627 26.0548 26.2824

116 29.0998 26.7693 51.9383 54.2687

116 29.0998 26.7693 51.9383 54.2687

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 211.196 233.967 156.772 154.804 374.702

101 87.250 98.373 65.275 65.113 154.799

102 18.520 9.175 8.222 9.123 32.858

103 211.196 233.967 156.772 154.804 374.702

104 18.628 10.671 9.259 6.629 33.049

105 211.196 233.967 156.772 154.804 374.702

106 28.416 22.404 17.593 11.290 50.416

107 38.387 18.662 16.784 9.780 68.106

108 56.232 12.896 12.569 6.580 99.766

109 124.916 11.890 11.836 6.210 221.626

110 22.434 12.109 10.656 11.635 39.803

111 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

112 22.444 13.834 11.777 8.635 39.820

113 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

114 26.045 26.999 18.745 13.200 46.209

115 52.875 18.193 17.203 9.711 93.811

116 45.129 14.769 14.036 7.414 80.068

117 473.221 11.969 11.965 6.327 839.585

118 87.250 98.373 65.275 65.113 154.799

119 22.434 12.109 10.656 11.635 39.803

120 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

121 22.444 13.834 11.777 8.635 39.820

122 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

123 26.045 26.999 18.745 13.200 46.209

124 52.875 18.193 17.203 9.711 93.811

125 45.129 14.769 14.036 7.414 80.068

126 473.221 11.969 11.965 6.327 839.585

127 23.919 12.037 10.752 11.892 42.437

128 211.196 233.967 156.772 154.804 374.702

129 23.895 13.872 11.997 8.625 42.395

130 211.196 233.967 156.772 154.804 374.702

131 28.416 22.404 17.593 11.290 50.416

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.
132 38.387 18.662 16.784 9.780 68.106

133 56.232 12.896 12.569 6.580 99.766

134 124.916 11.890 11.836 6.210 221.626

135 87.250 98.373 65.275 65.113 154.799

136 22.434 12.109 10.656 11.635 39.803

137 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

138 22.444 13.834 11.777 8.635 39.820

139 101.147 113.814 75.605 75.330 179.454

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : 3.124 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 57.863 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 18.520
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 109
Governing Overturning Moment : -25.593 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 158.924 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 6.210

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : -6.306 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 57.863 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 9.175
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 102
Governing Overturning Moment : -4.843 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 159.121 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 32.858

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 102

Governing Disturbing Force : 7.038 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 57.863 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 8.222

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

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Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 76.01 kN, Load Case # 212

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 459.13 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.60 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 344.35 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 212 = = 45.86 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 482.88 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.59 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 362.16 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 212 = = 27.63 kN

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0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 0.83 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 16.55 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 18.39 kNm

Required = = 0.00036

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1320.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 785.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00253

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

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Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 0.83 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 27.00 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 30.00 kNm

Required = = 0.00065

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1320.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 785.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00266

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Concrete Beam Design

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CODE ACI 318-05

Analysis Results

Bending Moment Results

Maximum Sagging Maximum Hogging


Load Case
Moment Moment

210 22.15kNm 18.12kNm

Design Calculations
Optimization of Beam Size

Basic Design Data

= = 0.85
(ACI 10.2.7.3)

= = 0.0035
(ACI 10.5.1)

= = 0.0313
(ACI B8.4.3)

= = 0.0235
(ACI B10.3.3)

Modular ratio, m = = 16.3866

Moment Strength Calculation

Moment reduction factor, = 0.9

Modulas of elasticity, Es = 29000 ksi

Strain in concrete at extreme compression fiber, = 0.003

Yield strain of main reinforcement,


= = 0.0020

Effective depth, d = = 0.4300 m

Distance from extreme compression


fiber to neutral axis at balanced = = 0.2606 m
condition, Cb

Depth of equivalent rectangular


= = 0.2207 m
stress block at balanced condition, Ab

Depth of equivalent rectangular


stress block at maximum ratio of = = 0.1655 m
tension reinforcement, Amax

Moment strength at
= = 307.78 kNm
balanced condition, Mn

Checking of Beam Size

Beam size is optimized to withstand the maximum moment and shear.

Check For Sagging Moment

Maximum sagging moment, Mmax_sag = = 22.15 kNm

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Obtained from
analysis

Ultimate sagging moment, Mu_sag = = 24.61 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 532.4928 kN/m^2

= 0.9553 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Hogging Moment

Maximum hogging moment, Mmax_hog = Obtained from analysis = 18.12 kNm


Ultimate hogging moment, Mu_hog = = 20.13 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 435.4864 kN/m^2

= 0.9634 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Shear

Obtained from
Maximum shear force, Vmax = = 3.84 kN
analysis

Shear reduction factor = = 0.75

Ultimate shear force, Vu = Vmax / = 5.11 kN

Nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc = = 94.91 kN

Shear force to be resisted by stirrups, Vs = = 0.00 kN

Maximum shear force that can be resisted by


= = 379.6229 kN
stirrups, Vs_max

Since Vs is less than Vs_max, it is o.k.

Since nominal shear strength of concrete is greater than maximum shear force, shear reinforcement is not required.

Final depth of beam, D = 0.50 m

Final width of beam, W = 0.25 m

Final moment capacity of the section, Mn = 307.78 kNm


If Mn is less than Mmax , the beam is to be designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

It is a singly reinforced beam.

Reinforcement Design

This is the primary design of reinforcements and it is performed considering the maximum

values of hogging and sagging moments and the maximum shear force.

Design For Bottom Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 59.11 kNm

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Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

Design For Top Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 57.79 kNm

Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

Beam depth is less than 36 inches. Hence side reinforcement is not


necessary.

Design For Shear Reinforcement

If design shear force > 2 Vc, spacing calculated from boundary condition is reduced by 50%.

Spacing calculated from boundary condition,


= = 216.00 mm
Sp

Minimum stirrup spacing, Spmin = = 216.00 mm

Required stirrup spacing (cannot be zero) = = 216.00 mm

Bar no. used = 10

Strap Footing 2

Input Parameters

Footing Geometry

Left Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm
Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Right Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm

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Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm


Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Concrete and Rebar Properties

Unit Weight of Concrete : 24.000 kN/m3


Strength of Concrete : 28.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 390.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : 12
Maximum Bar Size : 16
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.000 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 250.000 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm

Soil Properties

Unit Weight : 20.000 kN/m3


Soil Bearing Capacity : 60.000 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity Type : Gross Bearing Capacity
Soil Surcharge : 10.000 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 1250.000 mm
Depth of Water Table : 20000.000 mm

Other Parameters

Footing Plan Increment : 50.000 mm


Footing Thickness Increment : 50.000 mm
Beam Depth : 500.000 mm
Beam Width : 250.000 mm
Coefficient of Friction : 0.400
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.500
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.500

------------------------------------------------------

Load Combination/s- Service Stress Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
100 1D+1PE+1EE
101 1D+1PE+1EE+1M+1I+1L
102 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX+
103 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX-
104 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ+
105 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ-
106 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
107 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
108 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
109 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
110 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX+
111 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX-
112 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ+
113 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ-
114 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
115 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
116 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
117 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
118 1D+1L+1PO+1EO+1TH+1J+1A
119 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+

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Load Combination/s- Service Stress Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
120 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
121 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
122 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
123 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
124 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
125 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
126 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
127 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+
128 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
129 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
130 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
131 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
132 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
133 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
134 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
135 1D+1L+1PT+1ET
136 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX+
137 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX-
138 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ+
139 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ-
Load Combination/s- Strength Level
Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
200 1.4D+1.4PE+1.4EE
201 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6M+1.6I+1.6L
202 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6WX+
203 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WX-
204 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ+
205 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ-
206 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX++0.3EZ+
207 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX-+0.3EZ-
208 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ++0.3EX+
209 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ-+0.3EX-
210 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX+
211 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX-
212 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ+
213 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ-
214 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX++0.3EZ+
215 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX-+0.3EZ-
216 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ++0.3EX+
217 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ-+0.3EX-
218 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2TH+1.6J+1.2A
219 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX+
220 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX-
221 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ+
222 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ-
223 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
224 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
225 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
226 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
227 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX+
228 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX-
229 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ+
230 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ-
231 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
232 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
233 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
234 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
235 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PT+1.2ET
236 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX+

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Load Combination/s- Strength Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
237 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX-
238 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ+
239 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ-

As two isolated footings are identically grouped, so for detail drawing, the maximum dimensions/reinforcements are taken into consideration(as below).

Footing Length (L) = 2.40m


Footing Width (W) = 2.40m
Footing Depth (D) = 0.30m
Top reinforcement along X = #12 @ 180.727 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along X = #12 @ 180.727 mm o.c.
Top reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 180.727 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 180.727 mm o.c.

Footing 211

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 18.826 -0.296 0.014 0.027 0.000
101 45.910 -1.038 0.038 0.070 0.000
102 23.179 9.474 -0.312 -0.728 0.000
103 18.826 -0.296 0.014 0.027 0.000
104 23.414 -4.931 -3.376 -7.876 0.000
105 18.826 -0.296 0.014 0.027 0.000
106 14.038 6.197 -0.582 -1.367 0.000
107 23.786 -6.657 0.601 1.382 0.000
108 17.330 1.691 3.236 7.464 0.000
109 20.404 -2.213 -3.207 -7.417 0.000
110 42.404 6.475 -0.213 -0.507 0.000
111 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000
112 42.579 -4.328 -2.511 -5.868 0.000
113 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000
114 34.351 5.640 -0.564 -1.334 0.000
115 44.098 -7.214 0.618 1.414 0.000
116 37.642 1.134 3.254 7.496 0.000
117 40.717 -2.770 -3.190 -7.385 0.000
118 45.910 -1.038 0.038 0.070 0.000
119 42.404 6.475 -0.213 -0.507 0.000
120 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000
121 42.579 -4.328 -2.511 -5.868 0.000
122 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000
123 34.351 5.640 -0.564 -1.334 0.000
124 44.098 -7.214 0.618 1.414 0.000
125 37.642 1.134 3.254 7.496 0.000
126 40.717 -2.770 -3.190 -7.385 0.000
127 22.091 7.032 -0.231 -0.539 0.000
128 18.826 -0.296 0.014 0.027 0.000
129 22.267 -3.772 -2.528 -5.900 0.000
130 18.826 -0.296 0.014 0.027 0.000
131 14.038 6.197 -0.582 -1.367 0.000
132 23.786 -6.657 0.601 1.382 0.000
133 17.330 1.691 3.236 7.464 0.000
134 20.404 -2.213 -3.207 -7.417 0.000
135 45.910 -1.038 0.038 0.070 0.000
136 42.404 6.475 -0.213 -0.507 0.000
137 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000
138 42.579 -4.328 -2.511 -5.868 0.000
139 39.139 -0.852 0.032 0.060 0.000

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Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 26.357 -0.414 0.019 0.038 0.000
201 65.925 -1.542 0.055 0.102 0.000
202 29.556 15.277 -0.505 -1.176 0.000
203 16.944 -0.266 0.012 0.024 0.000
204 24.283 -7.682 -5.411 -12.621 0.000
205 16.944 -0.266 0.012 0.024 0.000
206 10.104 9.009 -0.838 -1.967 0.000
207 24.028 -9.354 0.851 1.959 0.000
208 14.806 2.571 4.616 10.648 0.000
209 19.198 -3.005 -4.589 -10.610 0.000
210 56.640 14.535 -0.481 -1.133 0.000
211 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000
212 57.015 -8.513 -5.383 -12.569 0.000
213 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000
214 42.835 8.178 -0.810 -1.915 0.000
215 56.760 -10.185 0.879 2.011 0.000
216 47.537 1.741 4.644 10.699 0.000
217 51.930 -3.836 -4.562 -10.559 0.000
218 65.925 -1.542 0.055 0.102 0.000
219 56.640 14.535 -0.481 -1.133 0.000
220 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000
221 57.015 -8.513 -5.383 -12.569 0.000
222 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000
223 42.835 8.178 -0.810 -1.915 0.000
224 56.760 -10.185 0.879 2.011 0.000
225 47.537 1.741 4.644 10.699 0.000
226 51.930 -3.836 -4.562 -10.559 0.000
227 22.602 12.434 -0.412 -0.958 0.000
228 16.944 -0.266 0.012 0.024 0.000
229 22.907 -6.292 -4.394 -10.250 0.000
230 16.944 -0.266 0.012 0.024 0.000
231 10.104 9.009 -0.838 -1.967 0.000
232 24.028 -9.354 0.851 1.959 0.000
233 14.806 2.571 4.616 10.648 0.000
234 19.198 -3.005 -4.589 -10.610 0.000
235 65.925 -1.542 0.055 0.102 0.000
236 56.640 14.535 -0.481 -1.133 0.000
237 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000
238 57.015 -8.513 -5.383 -12.569 0.000
239 49.675 -1.097 0.040 0.076 0.000

Footing 227

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 24.025 0.292 -0.011 -0.043 0.000
101 58.093 1.018 -0.027 -0.111 0.000
102 33.987 6.160 0.305 1.132 0.000
103 24.025 0.292 -0.011 -0.043 0.000
104 31.026 6.267 -3.537 -13.254 0.000
105 24.025 0.292 -0.011 -0.043 0.000
106 29.389 4.601 2.978 11.061 0.000
107 18.842 -4.144 -2.994 -11.136 0.000
108 25.667 1.590 4.873 18.055 0.000
109 22.474 -1.067 -4.896 -18.151 0.000
110 57.047 5.237 0.214 0.788 0.000
111 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000
112 54.826 5.318 -2.668 -10.002 0.000
113 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000

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Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
114 54.939 5.145 2.966 11.010 0.000
115 44.393 -3.600 -3.006 -11.187 0.000
116 51.218 2.134 4.861 18.004 0.000
117 48.025 -0.523 -4.908 -18.202 0.000
118 58.093 1.018 -0.027 -0.111 0.000
119 57.047 5.237 0.214 0.788 0.000
120 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000
121 54.826 5.318 -2.668 -10.002 0.000
122 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000
123 54.939 5.145 2.966 11.010 0.000
124 44.393 -3.600 -3.006 -11.187 0.000
125 51.218 2.134 4.861 18.004 0.000
126 48.025 -0.523 -4.908 -18.202 0.000
127 31.497 4.693 0.226 0.838 0.000
128 24.025 0.292 -0.011 -0.043 0.000
129 29.276 4.774 -2.656 -9.951 0.000
130 24.025 0.292 -0.011 -0.043 0.000
131 29.389 4.601 2.978 11.061 0.000
132 18.842 -4.144 -2.994 -11.136 0.000
133 25.667 1.590 4.873 18.055 0.000
134 22.474 -1.067 -4.896 -18.151 0.000
135 58.093 1.018 -0.027 -0.111 0.000
136 57.047 5.237 0.214 0.788 0.000
137 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000
138 54.826 5.318 -2.668 -10.002 0.000
139 49.576 0.836 -0.023 -0.094 0.000

Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 33.635 0.409 -0.015 -0.060 0.000
201 83.338 1.512 -0.039 -0.160 0.000
202 44.769 9.739 0.492 1.829 0.000
203 21.623 0.263 -0.010 -0.039 0.000
204 32.824 9.823 -5.652 -21.176 0.000
205 21.623 0.263 -0.010 -0.039 0.000
206 29.285 6.418 4.260 15.824 0.000
207 14.218 -6.074 -4.271 -15.886 0.000
208 23.969 2.116 6.967 25.815 0.000
209 19.407 -1.679 -6.988 -25.908 0.000
210 78.837 10.465 0.476 1.761 0.000
211 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000
212 74.099 10.637 -5.672 -21.257 0.000
213 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000
214 70.560 7.231 4.241 15.744 0.000
215 55.493 -5.261 -4.290 -15.967 0.000
216 65.244 2.930 6.948 25.735 0.000
217 60.682 -0.866 -7.007 -25.988 0.000
218 83.338 1.512 -0.039 -0.160 0.000
219 78.837 10.465 0.476 1.761 0.000
220 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000
221 74.099 10.637 -5.672 -21.257 0.000
222 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000
223 70.560 7.231 4.241 15.744 0.000
224 55.493 -5.261 -4.290 -15.967 0.000
225 65.244 2.930 6.948 25.735 0.000
226 60.682 -0.866 -7.007 -25.988 0.000
227 34.573 7.891 0.401 1.489 0.000
228 21.623 0.263 -0.010 -0.039 0.000

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Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
229 30.724 8.031 -4.594 -17.213 0.000
230 21.623 0.263 -0.010 -0.039 0.000
231 29.285 6.418 4.260 15.824 0.000
232 14.218 -6.074 -4.271 -15.886 0.000
233 23.969 2.116 6.967 25.815 0.000
234 19.407 -1.679 -6.988 -25.908 0.000
235 83.338 1.512 -0.039 -0.160 0.000
236 78.837 10.465 0.476 1.761 0.000
237 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000
238 74.099 10.637 -5.672 -21.257 0.000
239 62.898 1.076 -0.029 -0.119 0.000

Footing 211

Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 3.950 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.10 m Governing Load Case : # 112
Width (W2) = 2.10 m Governing Load Case : # 112
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m

Area (A2) = 4.41 m2


Weight of Soil = 78.45 kN
Weight of Footing = 52.72 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
2
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m )

112 59.4323 50.7393 38.0938 46.7869 0.0000

117 59.1097 53.5472 37.5720 43.1344 0.0000

116 38.3804 40.6582 56.9067 54.6289 0.0000

115 54.8146 40.3261 43.4004 57.8889 0.0000

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If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

112 56.5872 47.8942 35.2487 43.9417

117 56.2645 50.7020 34.7268 40.2893

116 37.8131 35.5353 51.7838 54.0616

115 51.9694 37.4809 40.5553 55.0438

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 186.033 3971.509 185.829 2967.992 315.055

101 63.436 1750.725 63.394 1342.345 107.432

102 5.987 181.625 5.984 122.816 10.140

103 186.033 3971.509 185.829 2967.992 315.055

104 11.523 16.831 9.508 11.378 19.515

105 186.033 3971.509 185.829 2967.992 315.055

106 8.563 91.247 8.526 61.417 14.502

107 8.557 94.848 8.522 64.662 14.491

108 32.168 16.805 14.895 11.439 54.478

109 25.129 17.338 14.271 11.783 42.557

110 9.948 302.467 9.942 201.997 16.847

111 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

112 14.898 25.685 12.887 17.344 25.230

113 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

114 10.849 108.542 10.795 72.747 18.373

115 9.023 105.255 8.990 72.014 15.281

116 55.116 19.210 18.140 13.085 93.342

117 23.014 19.983 15.088 13.571 38.975

118 63.436 1750.725 63.394 1342.345 107.432

119 9.948 302.467 9.942 201.997 16.847

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Strap Foundation Design Page 29 of 62

Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.
120 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

121 14.898 25.685 12.887 17.344 25.230

122 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

123 10.849 108.542 10.795 72.747 18.373

124 9.023 105.255 8.990 72.014 15.281

125 55.116 19.210 18.140 13.085 93.342

126 23.014 19.983 15.088 13.571 38.975

127 8.005 243.912 8.001 164.700 13.557

128 186.033 3971.509 185.829 2967.992 315.055

129 14.942 22.290 12.411 15.066 25.305

130 186.033 3971.509 185.829 2967.992 315.055

131 8.563 91.247 8.526 61.417 14.502

132 8.557 94.848 8.522 64.662 14.491

133 32.168 16.805 14.895 11.439 54.478

134 25.129 17.338 14.271 11.783 42.557

135 63.436 1750.725 63.394 1342.345 107.432

136 9.948 302.467 9.942 201.997 16.847

137 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

138 14.898 25.685 12.887 17.344 25.230

139 74.068 1993.576 74.016 1524.198 125.437

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : 9.474 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 56.723 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.987
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 104
Governing Overturning Moment : -13.108 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 149.141 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 11.378

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 108
Governing Disturbing Force : 3.236 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 54.383 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 16.805
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 102
Governing Overturning Moment : -14.684 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 148.894 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 10.140

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 102

Governing Disturbing Force : 9.479 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 56.723 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.984

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

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Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 63.33 kN, Load Case # 210

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 438.26 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.55 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 328.70 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 212 = = 38.01 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

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From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 460.93 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.54 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 345.70 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 210 = = 38.03 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 210

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 0.78 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 21.89 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 24.33 kNm

Required = = 0.00050

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1260.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

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Available development length for bars, DL = = 735.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00265

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 0.78 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 21.45 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 23.83 kNm

Required = = 0.00054

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1260.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 735.00 mm

Try bar size =

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Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00279

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Footing 227

Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 5.178 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.40 m Governing Load Case : # 116
Width (W2) = 2.40 m Governing Load Case : # 116
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m

Area (A2) = 5.76 m2


Weight of Soil = 104.10 kN
Weight of Footing = 62.47 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
2
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m )

117 58.3228 57.6191 35.2152 35.9189 0.0000

117 58.3228 57.6191 35.2152 35.9189 0.0000

116 34.8032 37.6743 59.8435 56.9725 0.0000

116 34.8032 37.6743 59.8435 56.9725 0.0000

If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

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Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

117 56.1393 55.4356 33.0317 33.7353

117 56.1393 55.4356 33.0317 33.7353

116 35.4907 32.6197 54.7890 57.6600

116 35.4907 32.6197 54.7890 57.6600

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 243.616 6630.231 243.452 3572.772 471.515

101 83.348 3167.165 83.319 1673.845 161.318

102 12.207 246.693 12.192 140.589 23.626

103 243.616 6630.231 243.452 3572.772 471.515

104 11.808 20.921 10.283 11.849 22.855

105 243.616 6630.231 243.452 3572.772 471.515

106 15.944 24.630 13.385 14.037 30.860

107 16.684 23.095 13.524 13.146 32.292

108 45.208 14.748 14.020 8.419 87.500

109 66.147 14.418 14.088 8.227 128.027

110 16.119 394.688 16.105 226.267 31.198

111 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

112 15.707 31.310 14.040 17.725 30.401

113 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

114 16.244 28.176 14.073 16.064 31.441

115 22.046 26.403 16.922 15.024 42.669

116 38.469 16.887 15.462 9.642 74.456

117 154.519 16.466 16.373 9.393 299.068

118 83.348 3167.165 83.319 1673.845 161.318

119 16.119 394.688 16.105 226.267 31.198

120 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.
121 15.707 31.310 14.040 17.725 30.401

122 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

123 16.244 28.176 14.073 16.064 31.441

124 22.046 26.403 16.922 15.024 42.669

125 38.469 16.887 15.462 9.642 74.456

126 154.519 16.466 16.373 9.393 299.068

127 15.810 328.424 15.792 187.295 30.600

128 243.616 6630.231 243.452 3572.772 471.515

129 15.357 27.603 13.420 15.633 29.723

130 243.616 6630.231 243.452 3572.772 471.515

131 15.944 24.630 13.385 14.037 30.860

132 16.684 23.095 13.524 13.146 32.292

133 45.208 14.748 14.020 8.419 87.500

134 66.147 14.418 14.088 8.227 128.027

135 83.348 3167.165 83.319 1673.845 161.318

136 16.119 394.688 16.105 226.267 31.198

137 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

138 15.707 31.310 14.040 17.725 30.401

139 97.349 3575.522 97.313 1893.925 188.417

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 104
Governing Disturbing Force : 6.267 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 74.009 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 11.808
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 109
Governing Overturning Moment : -25.740 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 211.761 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 8.227

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 109
Governing Disturbing Force : -4.896 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 70.588 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 14.418
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 104
Governing Overturning Moment : -9.714 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 222.023 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 22.855

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 104

Governing Disturbing Force : 7.197 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 74.009 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 10.283

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

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Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 95.14 kN, Load Case # 216

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 500.87 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.70 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 375.65 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 216 = = 54.85 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

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From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 526.78 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.69 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 395.08 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 210 = = 48.33 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 210

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 0.93 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 30.35 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 33.73 kNm

Required = = 0.00061

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1440.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

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Available development length for bars, DL = = 885.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 13

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1470.26 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00251

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 216

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 0.93 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 34.72 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 38.57 kNm

Required = = 0.00077

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1440.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 885.00 mm

Try bar size =

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Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 13

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1470.26 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00264

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Concrete Beam Design

CODE ACI 318-05

Analysis Results

Bending Moment Results

Maximum Sagging Maximum Hogging


Load Case
Moment Moment

210 46.86kNm 35.52kNm

Design Calculations
Optimization of Beam Size

Basic Design Data

= = 0.85
(ACI 10.2.7.3)

= = 0.0035
(ACI 10.5.1)

= = 0.0313
(ACI B8.4.3)

= = 0.0235
(ACI B10.3.3)

Modular ratio, m = = 16.3866

Moment Strength Calculation

Moment reduction factor, = 0.9

Modulas of elasticity, Es = 29000 ksi

Strain in concrete at extreme compression fiber, = 0.003

Yield strain of main reinforcement,


= = 0.0020

Effective depth, d = = 0.4300 m

Distance from extreme compression = = 0.2606 m


fiber to neutral axis at balanced
condition, Cb

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Depth of equivalent rectangular


= = 0.2207 m
stress block at balanced condition, Ab

Depth of equivalent rectangular


stress block at maximum ratio of = = 0.1655 m
tension reinforcement, Amax

Moment strength at
= = 307.78 kNm
balanced condition, Mn

Checking of Beam Size

Beam size is optimized to withstand the maximum moment and shear.

Check For Sagging Moment

Obtained from
Maximum sagging moment, Mmax_sag = = 46.86 kNm
analysis

Ultimate sagging moment, Mu_sag = = 52.07 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 1126.3927 kN/m^2

= 0.9053 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Hogging Moment

Maximum hogging moment, Mmax_hog = Obtained from analysis = 35.52 kNm


Ultimate hogging moment, Mu_hog = = 39.47 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 853.8878 kN/m^2

= 0.9282 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Shear

Obtained from
Maximum shear force, Vmax = = 7.85 kN
analysis

Shear reduction factor = = 0.75

Ultimate shear force, Vu = Vmax / = 10.46 kN

Nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc = = 94.91 kN

Shear force to be resisted by stirrups, Vs = = 0.00 kN

Maximum shear force that can be resisted by


= = 379.6229 kN
stirrups, Vs_max

Since Vs is less than Vs_max, it is o.k.

Since nominal shear strength of concrete is greater than maximum shear force, shear reinforcement is not required.

Final depth of beam, D = 0.50 m

Final width of beam, W = 0.25 m

Final moment capacity of the section, Mn = 307.78 kNm


If Mn is less than Mmax , the beam is to be designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

It is a singly reinforced beam.

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Reinforcement Design

This is the primary design of reinforcements and it is performed considering the maximum

values of hogging and sagging moments and the maximum shear force.

Design For Bottom Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 59.11 kNm

Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

Design For Top Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 57.79 kNm

Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

Beam depth is less than 36 inches. Hence side reinforcement is not


necessary.

Design For Shear Reinforcement

If design shear force > 2 Vc, spacing calculated from boundary condition is reduced by 50%.

Spacing calculated from boundary condition,


= = 216.00 mm
Sp

Minimum stirrup spacing, Spmin = = 216.00 mm

Required stirrup spacing (cannot be zero) = = 216.00 mm

Bar no. used = 10

Strap Footing 3

Input Parameters

Footing Geometry

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Left Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm
Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Right Footing Geometry


Footing Thickness : 300.000 mm
Footing Length : 1000.000 mm
Footing Width : 1000.000 mm
Max Footing Thickness : 500.000 mm
Max Footing Length : 8000.000 mm
Max Footing Width : 4000.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm

Concrete and Rebar Properties

Unit Weight of Concrete : 24.000 kN/m3


Strength of Concrete : 28.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 390.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : 12
Maximum Bar Size : 16
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.000 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 250.000 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm

Soil Properties

Unit Weight : 20.000 kN/m3


Soil Bearing Capacity : 60.000 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity Type : Gross Bearing Capacity
Soil Surcharge : 10.000 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 1250.000 mm
Depth of Water Table : 20000.000 mm

Other Parameters

Footing Plan Increment : 50.000 mm


Footing Thickness Increment : 50.000 mm
Beam Depth : 500.000 mm
Beam Width : 250.000 mm
Coefficient of Friction : 0.400
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.500
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.500

------------------------------------------------------

Load Combination/s- Service Stress Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
100 1D+1PE+1EE
101 1D+1PE+1EE+1M+1I+1L
102 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX+

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Load Combination/s- Service Stress Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
103 1D+1PE+1EE+1WX-
104 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ+
105 1D+1PE+1EE+1WZ-
106 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
107 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
108 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
109 1D+1PE+1EE+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
110 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX+
111 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WX-
112 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ+
113 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.75WZ-
114 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
115 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
116 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
117 1D+0.75L+1PE+1EE+1M+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
118 1D+1L+1PO+1EO+1TH+1J+1A
119 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+
120 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
121 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
122 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
123 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
124 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
125 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
126 1D+0.75L+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
127 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX+
128 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WX-
129 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ+
130 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.75WZ-
131 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX++0.21EZ+
132 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EX-+0.21EZ-
133 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ++0.21EX+
134 1D+1PO+1EO+1A+1J+0.7EZ-+0.21EX-
135 1D+1L+1PT+1ET
136 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX+
137 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WX-
138 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ+
139 1D+0.75L+1PT+1ET+0.75WZ-
Load Combination/s- Strength Level
Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
200 1.4D+1.4PE+1.4EE
201 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6M+1.6I+1.6L
202 1.2D+1.2PE+1.2EE+1.6WX+
203 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WX-
204 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ+
205 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1.6WZ-
206 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX++0.3EZ+
207 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EX-+0.3EZ-
208 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ++0.3EX+
209 0.9D+0.9PE+0.9EE+1EZ-+0.3EX-
210 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX+
211 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WX-
212 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ+
213 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1.6WZ-
214 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX++0.3EZ+
215 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EX-+0.3EZ-
216 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ++0.3EX+
217 1.2D+1L+1.2PE+1.2EE+1M+1EZ-+0.3EX-
218 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2TH+1.6J+1.2A
219 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX+

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Load Combination/s- Strength Level


Load Combination
Load Combination Title
Number
220 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WX-
221 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ+
222 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1.6WZ-
223 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
224 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
225 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
226 1.2D+1L+1.2PO+1.2EO+1.2A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
227 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX+
228 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WX-
229 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ+
230 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1.3WZ-
231 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX++0.3EZ+
232 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EX-+0.3EZ-
233 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ++0.3EX+
234 0.9D+0.9PO+0.9EO+0.9A+1J+1EZ-+0.3EX-
235 1.2D+1.6L+1.2PT+1.2ET
236 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX+
237 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WX-
238 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ+
239 1.2D+1L+1.2PT+1.2ET+1.6WZ-

As two isolated footings are identically grouped, so for detail drawing, the maximum dimensions/reinforcements are taken into consideration(as below).

Footing Length (L) = 2.65m


Footing Width (W) = 2.65m
Footing Depth (D) = 0.30m
Top reinforcement along X = #12 @ 181.286 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along X = #12 @ 181.286 mm o.c.
Top reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 181.286 mm o.c.
Bottom reinforcement along Z = #12 @ 181.286 mm o.c.

Footing 243

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 9.615 -0.254 0.496 0.796 0.000
101 20.026 -0.656 1.234 1.974 0.000
102 9.906 5.001 4.311 3.524 0.000
103 9.615 -0.254 0.496 0.796 0.000
104 11.354 -1.659 -10.703 -13.057 0.000
105 9.615 -0.254 0.496 0.796 0.000
106 5.380 4.674 -0.034 -0.511 0.000
107 13.756 -5.040 1.028 2.060 0.000
108 10.117 0.874 3.402 7.720 0.000
109 9.072 -1.319 -2.406 -6.141 0.000
110 17.641 3.386 3.911 3.725 0.000
111 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000
112 18.728 -1.609 -7.350 -8.710 0.000
113 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000
114 13.189 4.372 0.520 0.372 0.000
115 21.564 -5.342 1.582 2.944 0.000
116 17.926 0.573 3.955 8.604 0.000
117 16.881 -1.621 -1.852 -5.257 0.000
118 20.026 -0.656 1.234 1.974 0.000
119 17.641 3.386 3.911 3.725 0.000
120 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000
121 18.728 -1.609 -7.350 -8.710 0.000
122 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000
123 13.189 4.372 0.520 0.372 0.000

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Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
124 21.564 -5.342 1.582 2.944 0.000
125 17.926 0.573 3.955 8.604 0.000
126 16.881 -1.621 -1.852 -5.257 0.000
127 9.833 3.687 3.357 2.842 0.000
128 9.615 -0.254 0.496 0.796 0.000
129 10.919 -1.308 -7.903 -9.594 0.000
130 9.615 -0.254 0.496 0.796 0.000
131 5.380 4.674 -0.034 -0.511 0.000
132 13.756 -5.040 1.028 2.060 0.000
133 10.117 0.874 3.402 7.720 0.000
134 9.072 -1.319 -2.406 -6.141 0.000
135 20.026 -0.656 1.234 1.974 0.000
136 17.641 3.386 3.911 3.725 0.000
137 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000
138 18.728 -1.609 -7.350 -8.710 0.000
139 17.423 -0.556 1.049 1.679 0.000

Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 13.461 -0.356 0.694 1.114 0.000
201 28.196 -0.948 1.776 2.840 0.000
202 12.003 8.103 6.700 5.320 0.000
203 8.653 -0.229 0.446 0.716 0.000
204 11.436 -2.476 -17.472 -21.448 0.000
205 8.653 -0.229 0.446 0.716 0.000
206 2.604 6.811 -0.310 -1.151 0.000
207 14.569 -7.066 1.207 2.523 0.000
208 9.371 1.383 4.598 10.608 0.000
209 7.878 -1.750 -3.699 -9.193 0.000
210 22.414 7.701 7.438 6.498 0.000
211 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000
212 24.732 -2.954 -16.585 -20.031 0.000
213 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000
214 15.900 6.333 0.576 0.266 0.000
215 27.865 -7.544 2.093 3.940 0.000
216 22.667 0.905 5.485 12.025 0.000
217 21.174 -2.228 -2.812 -7.776 0.000
218 28.196 -0.948 1.776 2.840 0.000
219 22.414 7.701 7.438 6.498 0.000
220 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000
221 24.732 -2.954 -16.585 -20.031 0.000
222 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000
223 15.900 6.333 0.576 0.266 0.000
224 27.865 -7.544 2.093 3.940 0.000
225 22.667 0.905 5.485 12.025 0.000
226 21.174 -2.228 -2.812 -7.776 0.000
227 9.031 6.603 5.406 4.263 0.000
228 8.653 -0.229 0.446 0.716 0.000
229 10.914 -2.055 -14.112 -17.292 0.000
230 8.653 -0.229 0.446 0.716 0.000
231 2.604 6.811 -0.310 -1.151 0.000
232 14.569 -7.066 1.207 2.523 0.000
233 9.371 1.383 4.598 10.608 0.000
234 7.878 -1.750 -3.699 -9.193 0.000
235 28.196 -0.948 1.776 2.840 0.000
236 22.414 7.701 7.438 6.498 0.000
237 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000
238 24.732 -2.954 -16.585 -20.031 0.000

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Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
239 21.949 -0.707 1.333 2.133 0.000

Footing 259

Applied Loads - Service Stress Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
100 12.982 0.241 0.221 0.546 0.000
101 25.868 0.627 0.573 1.413 0.000
102 15.535 3.396 6.881 9.842 0.000
103 12.982 0.241 0.221 0.546 0.000
104 18.430 3.958 -16.146 -28.653 0.000
105 12.982 0.241 0.221 0.546 0.000
106 17.876 3.465 3.075 11.308 0.000
107 8.009 -3.118 -2.619 -10.192 0.000
108 16.422 0.971 4.850 17.994 0.000
109 9.498 -0.557 -4.405 -16.906 0.000
110 24.561 2.897 5.480 8.168 0.000
111 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000
112 26.733 3.319 -11.790 -20.703 0.000
113 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000
114 27.541 3.755 3.339 11.957 0.000
115 17.674 -2.828 -2.355 -9.542 0.000
116 26.087 1.261 5.113 18.644 0.000
117 19.163 -0.267 -4.141 -16.257 0.000
118 25.868 0.627 0.573 1.413 0.000
119 24.561 2.897 5.480 8.168 0.000
120 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000
121 26.733 3.319 -11.790 -20.703 0.000
122 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000
123 27.541 3.755 3.339 11.957 0.000
124 17.674 -2.828 -2.355 -9.542 0.000
125 26.087 1.261 5.113 18.644 0.000
126 19.163 -0.267 -4.141 -16.257 0.000
127 14.897 2.607 5.216 7.518 0.000
128 12.982 0.241 0.221 0.546 0.000
129 17.068 3.029 -12.054 -21.353 0.000
130 12.982 0.241 0.221 0.546 0.000
131 17.876 3.465 3.075 11.308 0.000
132 8.009 -3.118 -2.619 -10.192 0.000
133 16.422 0.971 4.850 17.994 0.000
134 9.498 -0.557 -4.405 -16.906 0.000
135 25.868 0.627 0.573 1.413 0.000
136 24.561 2.897 5.480 8.168 0.000
137 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000
138 26.733 3.319 -11.790 -20.703 0.000
139 22.647 0.531 0.485 1.196 0.000

Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
200 18.175 0.337 0.309 0.765 0.000
201 36.197 0.907 0.828 2.042 0.000
202 19.663 5.337 10.921 15.529 0.000
203 11.684 0.217 0.199 0.492 0.000
204 20.401 6.165 -25.988 -46.227 0.000
205 11.684 0.217 0.199 0.492 0.000
206 18.675 4.823 4.276 15.865 0.000
207 4.580 -4.581 -3.858 -14.849 0.000
208 16.599 1.260 6.811 25.417 0.000

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Applied Loads - Strength Level


Axial Shear X Shear Z Moment X Moment Z
LC
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
209 6.706 -0.923 -6.410 -24.441 0.000
210 32.549 5.723 11.273 16.395 0.000
211 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000
212 37.182 6.624 -25.570 -45.197 0.000
213 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000
214 35.456 5.282 4.694 16.895 0.000
215 21.361 -4.123 -3.440 -13.819 0.000
216 33.380 1.718 7.229 26.447 0.000
217 23.487 -0.464 -5.992 -23.411 0.000
218 36.197 0.907 0.828 2.042 0.000
219 32.549 5.723 11.273 16.395 0.000
220 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000
221 37.182 6.624 -25.570 -45.197 0.000
222 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000
223 35.456 5.282 4.694 16.895 0.000
224 21.361 -4.123 -3.440 -13.819 0.000
225 33.380 1.718 7.229 26.447 0.000
226 23.487 -0.464 -5.992 -23.411 0.000
227 15.002 4.318 8.857 12.576 0.000
228 11.684 0.217 0.199 0.492 0.000
229 18.766 5.050 -21.078 -37.467 0.000
230 11.684 0.217 0.199 0.492 0.000
231 18.675 4.823 4.276 15.865 0.000
232 4.580 -4.581 -3.858 -14.849 0.000
233 16.599 1.260 6.811 25.417 0.000
234 6.706 -0.923 -6.410 -24.441 0.000
235 36.197 0.907 0.828 2.042 0.000
236 32.549 5.723 11.273 16.395 0.000
237 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000
238 37.182 6.624 -25.570 -45.197 0.000
239 28.465 0.676 0.617 1.522 0.000

Footing 243

Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 3.800 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.20 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Width (W2) = 2.20 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m

Area (A2) = 4.84 m2


Weight of Soil = 86.62 kN
Weight of Footing = 55.57 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

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Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
2
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m )

104 59.2974 56.4001 22.9889 25.8862 0.0000

104 59.2974 56.4001 22.9889 25.8862 0.0000

116 33.6978 34.6982 51.3042 50.3038 0.0000

116 33.6978 34.6982 51.3042 50.3038 0.0000

If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

104 56.7572 53.8599 20.4487 23.3460

104 56.7572 53.8599 20.4487 23.3460

116 32.1580 31.1576 47.7637 48.7640

116 32.1580 31.1576 47.7637 48.7640

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 219.540 112.610 100.197 98.140 389.506

101 91.394 48.611 42.918 42.436 162.150

102 11.182 12.971 8.469 15.068 19.839

103 219.540 112.610 100.197 98.140 389.506

104 34.064 5.279 5.217 5.241 60.436

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.
105 219.540 112.610 100.197 98.140 389.506

106 11.578 1592.017 11.578 263.751 20.541

107 11.400 55.893 11.170 43.245 20.227

108 64.066 16.463 15.945 11.853 113.665

109 42.137 23.104 20.258 15.487 74.759

110 17.430 15.090 11.409 16.582 30.925

111 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

112 36.948 8.088 7.901 8.133 65.552

113 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

114 13.091 110.154 12.999 133.650 23.225

115 11.342 38.305 10.875 30.877 20.122

116 103.245 14.949 14.794 11.035 183.177

117 36.226 31.694 23.853 19.862 64.272

118 91.394 48.611 42.918 42.436 162.150

119 17.430 15.090 11.409 16.582 30.925

120 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

121 36.948 8.088 7.901 8.133 65.552

122 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

123 13.091 110.154 12.999 133.650 23.225

124 11.342 38.305 10.875 30.877 20.122

125 103.245 14.949 14.794 11.035 183.177

126 36.226 31.694 23.853 19.862 64.272

127 15.158 16.648 11.208 19.104 26.893

128 219.540 112.610 100.197 98.140 389.506

129 43.078 7.127 7.031 7.091 76.429

130 219.540 112.610 100.197 98.140 389.506

131 11.578 1592.017 11.578 263.751 20.541

132 11.400 55.893 11.170 43.245 20.227

133 64.066 16.463 15.945 11.853 113.665

134 42.137 23.104 20.258 15.487 74.759

135 91.394 48.611 42.918 42.436 162.150

136 17.430 15.090 11.409 16.582 30.925

137 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

138 36.948 8.088 7.901 8.133 65.552

139 106.049 56.169 49.636 49.024 188.151

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 102
Governing Disturbing Force : 5.001 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 55.920 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 11.182
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 104
Governing Overturning Moment : -29.646 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 155.369 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.241

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Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 104
Governing Disturbing Force : -10.703 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 56.499 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.279
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 102
Governing Overturning Moment : -7.751 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 153.776 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 19.839

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 104

Governing Disturbing Force : 10.831 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 56.499 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.217

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 71.24 kN, Load Case # 212

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

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From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 459.13 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.60 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 344.35 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 212 = = 44.73 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 482.88 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.59 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 362.16 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 215 = = 26.46 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

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Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 215

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 0.83 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 15.89 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 17.65 kNm

Required = = 0.00035

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1320.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 785.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00253

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

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From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 0.83 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 26.38 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 29.32 kNm

Required = = 0.00064

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1320.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 785.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 12

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1357.16 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00266

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Footing 259

Design Calculations

Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m

Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m

Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN

Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin = = 5.706 m2

Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 1.00 m2

Final Footing Size


Length (L2) = 2.65 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Width (W2) = 2.65 m Governing Load Case : # 104
Depth (D2) = 0.30 m
Area (A2) = 7.02 m2

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Weight of Soil = 128.09 kN


Weight of Footing = 71.33 kN

Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Area of


corner 1 corner 2 corner 3 corner 4 footing in
Load Case uplift (Au)
(q1) (q2) (q3) (q4)
2
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (m )

104 55.9494 59.9057 25.2919 21.3356 0.0000

104 55.9494 59.9057 25.2919 21.3356 0.0000

116 32.5146 33.7747 50.9074 49.6473 0.0000

116 32.5146 33.7747 50.9074 49.6473 0.0000

If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary.

Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.

Summary of Adjusted Pressures at Four Corners

Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at


corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
Load Case (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)

104 58.1486 54.1923 19.5784 23.5347

104 58.1486 54.1923 19.5784 23.5347

116 32.0176 30.7574 47.8902 49.1503

116 32.0176 30.7574 47.8902 49.1503

Adjust footing size if necessary.

Check for stability against overturning and sliding

Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

100 332.181 362.092 244.780 298.190 709.902

101 135.759 148.752 100.275 122.665 290.130

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Factor of safety against


- Factor of safety against sliding
overturning

Load
Along X- Along Z- About X- About Z-
Case Resultant
Direction Direction Direction Direction
No.

102 23.866 11.778 10.562 13.090 51.004

103 332.181 362.092 244.780 298.190 709.902

104 20.766 5.091 4.945 5.073 44.380

105 332.181 362.092 244.780 298.190 709.902

106 23.657 26.658 17.694 16.894 50.557

107 25.028 29.795 19.164 18.137 53.488

108 83.839 16.785 16.458 10.569 179.172

109 141.204 17.850 17.709 10.974 301.767

110 29.222 15.449 13.658 16.830 62.450

111 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

112 25.768 7.254 6.982 7.268 55.070

113 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

114 22.860 25.710 17.084 16.598 48.855

115 28.961 34.773 22.254 20.563 61.893

116 67.628 16.675 16.190 10.630 144.528

117 309.017 19.920 19.878 12.051 660.398

118 135.759 148.752 100.275 122.665 290.130

119 29.222 15.449 13.658 16.830 62.450

120 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

121 25.768 7.254 6.982 7.268 55.070

122 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

123 22.860 25.710 17.084 16.598 48.855

124 28.961 34.773 22.254 20.563 61.893

125 67.628 16.675 16.190 10.630 144.528

126 309.017 19.920 19.878 12.051 660.398

127 30.988 15.489 13.855 17.151 66.225

128 332.181 362.092 244.780 298.190 709.902

129 26.958 6.774 6.570 6.756 57.612

130 332.181 362.092 244.780 298.190 709.902

131 23.657 26.658 17.694 16.894 50.557

132 25.028 29.795 19.164 18.137 53.488

133 83.839 16.785 16.458 10.569 179.172

134 141.204 17.850 17.709 10.974 301.767

135 135.759 148.752 100.275 122.665 290.130

136 29.222 15.449 13.658 16.830 62.450

137 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

138 25.768 7.254 6.982 7.268 55.070

139 158.046 173.069 116.706 142.697 337.759

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 104
Governing Disturbing Force : 3.958 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 82.201 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 20.766

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Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 104


Governing Overturning Moment : -53.678 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 272.286 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.073

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 104
Governing Disturbing Force : -16.146 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 82.201 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.091
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 104
Governing Overturning Moment : -6.135 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 272.286 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 44.380

Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Sliding Along Resultant Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Resultant Direction : 104

Governing Disturbing Force : 16.624 kN

Governing Restoring Force : 82.201 kN

Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 4.945

Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check

Total Footing Depth, D = 0.30 m

Calculated Effective Depth, d = D - Ccover - 1.0 x db = 0.24 m


For rectangular pier, = Bcol / Dcol = 1.00

Effective depth, d increased until 0.75 * Vc Punching Shear Force


Punching Shear Force, Vu = 144.07 kN, Load Case # 212

From ACI Cl.11.11.2, bo for pier = = 3.07 m

Equation 11-31, Vc1 = = 1973.20 kN

Equation 11-32, Vc2 = = 1637.42 kN

Equation 11-33, Vc3 = = 1276.86 kN

Punching shear strength, Vc = 0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) = 957.64 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK

One-Way Shear Check


Along X Direction

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From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 553.04 kN

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dx = = = 0.83 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending
about the X axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 414.78 kN


Critical load case for Vux is # 212 = = 74.93 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK

Along Z Direction

From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc = = 581.65 kN

Distance along X to design for shear, Dz = = 0.82 m

Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at a distance d from the face of the pier caused by bending about the Z axis.

From above calculations, 0.75 * Vc = 436.24 kN

Critical load case for Vuz is # 212 = = 38.65 kN

0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK

Design for Flexure about Z axis

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Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349


From ACI Cl. 7.12.2, = 0.00200
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is performed at


= = 1.06 m
the face of the pier at a distance, Dx

Ultimate moment, = = 26.43 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 29.37 kNm

Required = = 0.00048

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1590.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 1010.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 15

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1696.45 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.24 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00262

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Design for Flexure about X axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.) by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)

Critical Load Case # 212

The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi

Factor from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3 = for f 'c 4 ksi, = 0.85

From ACI Cl. 10.3.2, = = 0.03132

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From ACI Cl. 10.3.3, = = 0.02349

From ACI Cl.7.12.2, = 0.00200

From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m = = 16.39

Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about X axis is


performed at the face of the pier at a = = 1.06 m
distance, Dz

Ultimate moment, = = 52.67 kNm

Nominal moment capacity, Mn = = 58.53 kNm

Required = = 0.00106

Since = = OK

Area of Steel Required, As = = 1590.00 mm2

Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar sizes

Available development length for bars, DL = = 1010.00 mm

Try bar size =

Area of one bar = 113.10 mm2

Number of bars required, Nbar = = 15

Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement ratio < max

Total reinforcement area, As_total = Nbar * (Area of one bar) = 1696.45 mm2
d = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) = 0.23 m

Reinforcement ratio, = = 0.00276

From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear distance between bars


Cd = max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0" (25.4mm), Min. User Spacing) = 50.000mm

Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars

Concrete Beam Design

CODE ACI 318-05

Analysis Results

Bending Moment Results

Maximum Sagging Maximum Hogging


Load Case
Moment Moment

215 0.00kNm 29.34kNm

Design Calculations
Optimization of Beam Size

Basic Design Data

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= = 0.85
(ACI 10.2.7.3)

= = 0.0035
(ACI 10.5.1)

= = 0.0313
(ACI B8.4.3)

= = 0.0235
(ACI B10.3.3)

Modular ratio, m = = 16.3866

Moment Strength Calculation

Moment reduction factor, = 0.9

Modulas of elasticity, Es = 29000 ksi

Strain in concrete at extreme compression fiber, = 0.003

Yield strain of main reinforcement,


= = 0.0020

Effective depth, d = = 0.4300 m

Distance from extreme compression


fiber to neutral axis at balanced = = 0.2606 m
condition, Cb

Depth of equivalent rectangular


= = 0.2207 m
stress block at balanced condition, Ab

Depth of equivalent rectangular


stress block at maximum ratio of = = 0.1655 m
tension reinforcement, Amax

Moment strength at
= = 307.78 kNm
balanced condition, Mn

Checking of Beam Size

Beam size is optimized to withstand the maximum moment and shear.

Check For Sagging Moment

Obtained from
Maximum sagging moment, Mmax_sag = = 0.00 kNm
analysis

Ultimate sagging moment, Mu_sag = = 0.00 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 0.0000 kN/m^2

= 1.0000 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Hogging Moment

Maximum hogging moment, Mmax_hog = Obtained from analysis = 29.34 kNm


Ultimate hogging moment, Mu_hog = = 32.60 kNm

Coefficient of resistance, Ru = = 705.1766 kN/m^2

= 0.9407 is greater than zero, it is o.k.

Check For Shear

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Obtained from
Maximum shear force, Vmax = = 2.79 kN
analysis

Shear reduction factor = = 0.75

Ultimate shear force, Vu = Vmax / = 3.73 kN

Nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc = = 94.91 kN

Shear force to be resisted by stirrups, Vs = = 0.00 kN

Maximum shear force that can be resisted by


= = 379.6229 kN
stirrups, Vs_max

Since Vs is less than Vs_max, it is o.k.

Since nominal shear strength of concrete is greater than maximum shear force, shear reinforcement is not required.

Final depth of beam, D = 0.50 m

Final width of beam, W = 0.25 m

Final moment capacity of the section, Mn = 307.78 kNm


If Mn is less than Mmax , the beam is to be designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

It is a singly reinforced beam.

Reinforcement Design

This is the primary design of reinforcements and it is performed considering the maximum

values of hogging and sagging moments and the maximum shear force.

Design For Bottom Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 59.11 kNm

Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

Design For Top Reinforcement

% of steel required, = = 0.0035

Area of steel required,


= = 380.10 mm2
Ast_bot

Area of steel used, Ast_b = no. of bars used x area of 1 bar = 402.13 mm2

Moment capacity = = 57.79 kNm

Bar no. used = 16

Number of bars required = 2

Number of reinforcement layers = 1

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Beam depth is less than 36 inches. Hence side reinforcement is not


necessary.

Design For Shear Reinforcement

If design shear force > 2 Vc, spacing calculated from boundary condition is reduced by 50%.

Spacing calculated from boundary condition,


= = 216.00 mm
Sp

Minimum stirrup spacing, Spmin = = 216.00 mm

Required stirrup spacing (cannot be zero) = = 216.00 mm

Bar no. used = 10

Print Calculation Sheet

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