Definition of transportation

Transportation is a means of moving people or goods from one place to another. The
modern commercial transport serves the public interest and includes all the means and
facilities involved in the movement of persons or property, and reception services,
shipping and handling of such goods. The commercial transport of persons classified
as passenger and the goods and service goods. As elsewhere in the world, transport is
in Latin America and has been central to the progress or backwardness of different
civilizations and cultures.

History of transportation

Already in the pre-Columbian Inca period had a crude but efficient system of
interconnected roads throughout his empire, by which different types of goods moved.
On foot or on the back of flames, managed to get their goods to their destination.
Sometimes through rope bridges through the mountains. Other people used canoes or
boats as a means of communication.

Different means of transport

It is generally used five modes of transportation: water, road, rail and air.

Water Transport

History

The arrival of Europeans, Spanish and Portuguese, along most of America produced
major changes in transportation. The main mode of communication was by sea, as it
was more efficient and faster for natural harbors, and for places that were built in the
ports, both sea and rivers of America.

Channels

Environment created for easy water transport. The opening of this waterway was
created to a considerable reduction in travel time in freight by sea worldwide.

In Latin America, the Amazon and Parana rivers are important waterways for
navigation, but undoubtedly the most important channel is the Panama Canal. This
links the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama.
The early development of water transport was stimulated by the tendency of people to
concentrate on the coast or waterways. The ancient Romans used to sail boats
equipped with several banks of oars to transport their armies to Carthage and other
theaters of operations. Shipbuilding and rigging and sail handling was improved over
time. With these changes, together with the adoption of the mariner's compass, made
possible the open sea navigation without sight of land.

As was true during the ancient age in the Mediterranean and other world regions, the
fact that colonial settlements in America were usually established on the coasts, rivers
or lakes, was a cause and consequence of which the first transport routes in the
colonies were natural waterways, and more efficient modes of travel be made by boat.

The first ship was undoubtedly a floating log which would lead to feet and hands.
After joining several trunks thought they could build ties with a firm platform or raft
(as he called them).

In Egypt were built with bundles of reed rafts, in other places hollowed logs for
canoes or kayaks.

Top Boats

Around 1200 years BC, the Phoenicians were early seafarers used cedar wood to build
boats large and strong to venture beyond their marine boundaries.

The Vikings, built on a solid wooden structure that resembled our spine. The Vikings
were tall, strong and sturdy, this allowed wielding oars and hoisted huge square sails,
came from the northeastern coast of Europe and were responsible for assaulting
coastlines across Europe.

Steamboats

During the nineteenth century saw dramatic progress through technology product of
steam power. The Clermont, the first efficient steamboat, was built by the American
inventor Robert Fulton. She made her maiden voyage in 1807 by the Hudson River
from New York City to Albania, which made the distance traveled round trip of
nearly 483 km in 62 hours.

The first ship to use steam power in a transatlantic crossing was the American ship
Savannah in 1819, though the candles were used during part of the 29-day trip. By
1840, while a steamer could make six trips between America and Europe at the same
time a sailboat could do only three.

During the 1870s they reached the coast of Rio de la Plata, the French ship Le
Frigidaire, including some refrigerators. This produced a breakthrough in the
production mode of the meat sector, which should no longer be salted for export.
Other perishables were benefited with refrigeration.
Modern craft

The diesel engine has made for a more modern ships economy that has largely
replaced the steam engines. The use of nuclear energy in vessels is currently limited
to military vessels. Other developments in modern navigation are the hovercraft, boat
going on a cushion of air a few inches of water or the ground, equipped with reactors
or wings like those of a plane or studs that at a certain speed, lift the hull of the water
to reach higher speeds.

Yates

Among the latest developments of man in water transport, we find the small boats
yachts that are intended for use by a small group of people, are equipped with the
latest technological advances and can sail at sea.

Motor Skiing

Another important invention is the ski bike, which is the result of the quest for human
beings to create devices for fun, is also used as a means to rescue people with a water
accident as they are quick and increasingly a little larger ( for these uses).

Land Transport

History

In the twentieth century training and installation of large corporations, manufacturers

have given great impetus to the production of both vehicles for private use to public
transport and goods, and exports to third countries. With economic growth of recent
years is expected to reach Brazil and Argentina soon levels of use of vehicles at the
same level as developed countries.

Road

In the thirteen original American colonies, which extended westward to the

Mississippi River, the main mode of land transportation was by train of pack animals
and horses on the trails of Native Americans.

By 1800 it became dirt roads to remove the weeds and trees of the trails. Many of
these roads, however, became almost impassable during periods of bad weather. In
1820, the improvement of roads called turnpikes (motorways), in which private
companies charged a toll for having built, connecting all major cities to surpass all
other roads.

Ground transportation developed more slowly. For centuries the traditional means of
transport, restricted to riding on animals, carts and sleighs pulled by animals, rarely
exceeded an average of 16 km / h. Land transport has improved slightly until 1820,
when the British engineer George Stephenson adapted a steam engine to a locomotive
and started, between Stockton and Darlington in England, the first steam railway.

It was in the twentieth century when most developed road network in Spain.
Successive governments have invested heavily to get a basic high-capacity roads
(motorways and expressways) that allow the displacement of large numbers of people
and goods through the Spanish territory of motorization levels close to the major
industrialized countries.

In Latin America, the horse, mule and wheeled transport were introduced by Spanish
and Portuguese. They often took advantage of the routes constructed by the Indians.

Already in the eighteenth century there were existing roads linking the Argentine
cities of Tucumán and Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Guadalajara with its neighbors
Jalapa, and the Andes (Peru) and Paita. Also in Brazil coastal highways were built.

Nevertheless, today many Latin American countries have road systems more or less
acceptable, with Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, the countries with the highest number
of kilometers of roads improved and paved. In 1928, it was agreed between the
countries of the sector to build a Pan-American highway that would unite the entire
continent from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. In 1940 62% of the tranche for Central
America was paved and 87% of South America.

The drag and the wheel

The transport started when our ancestors came down from the trees and begin their
nomadic life.

The man forced the man to move to ensure their food, with this, how to ship home
anything about their food as the man himself is weak and animal transport.

The wheel, important invention that man invented 5.500 years ago and this initiated a
change in the mode of transport and transfer of achievement so forth their food faster
and easier.

Animals for transportation

Because the man did not have enough strength to lift and carry food or utensils for
themselves was the need to domesticate animals.

The dog was the first domestic animal to man, then use larger animals and extremely
strong to carry heavy things with the same man. And how well that ideology only
carry things, if not the man who also use as food, and feeding on what occurred or
killing animals for meat and take skin and for different uses.

Initial proceedings

With the coming of the trade, man was given to the need to establish trade routes and
also to create the first steps pulled by horses to be transported from one place to
another to the same people and their belongings or goods.
.

Bike

Man saw the need for man transported individually and in 1818 invented Draisienne
history of the bicycle. Two-wheeled vehicle, placed one in front of another, with a
seat, handlebars and pedals to drive to propel it. Also find the unicycle and the
motorcycle.

Motorcycle

Vehicle with 2, 3 and 4 wheel, self-propelled, no way and sometimes it can be used
by 2 persons and are now reaching a speed of 100 km / hour.

The car

Man looking for ways to invent a device that transports you quickly and easily
without the need to use animals.

In 1882, with the discovery of oil, discovered that using Gottlielo Damler oil, could
drive a faster piston gradually more inventions arose with the application of oil and
fine steel was cheaper than the one they use in production Henry Ford, thus created
the car.

The wars have developed new kinds of automobiles such as tanks and buses.

After varieties of cars came and today the auto industry is one of the great and
important in the world, were considered a luxury and now can be seen today having a
car is not a luxury, if not that is a need.

Urban transport

Already at present there are too many people, the authorities saw the need for urban
transport to the high number of inhabitants and also the necessity in which they are
forced to travel long distances. Either a bus or a combination.
Railways

By 1830, shortly after the rail line began service Stephenson in England, the United
States had 1767 km of steam railways. In 1839, the route had increased to 8,000 km
and from 1850 to 1910 the growth of the railroad was spectacular. Railroad
construction stimulated much of the settlement and development of the West. The
first railroad in America was established in 1827, but the real development began on
July 4, 1828, with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

The introduction of the railway in Spain was relatively quick. Was stimulated in part
by the lack of inland waterways, unlike other surrounding countries. The first railway
was opened in 1848 between the cities of Barcelona. By 1870 already had a network
that was the third in Europe in area, after France and England. However, the decision
in 1844 to provide a gauge of the Spanish railway network different from the isolated
European continent to Spain from the rest of the continent by this mode of transport.

After a century of private operation of rail in 1941 establishing the Network of

Spanish Railways (RENFE), a state of nature to exploit much of the railway line. In
recent decades, improved road infrastructure and increasing motorization of families
and businesses have led to a sharp decrease in the number of passengers and goods
transported by train. However, the introduction of high speed services in recent years
have led to considerable recovery of passengers on journeys in the network too.

After 1850 this mode of transport started its expansion in Latin America. The railway
network, financed by French capital, English or American, while benefiting freight
and passengers generally designed to respond to business needs of their owners and
countries of origin and not addressing the needs of Latin American countries. In
Argentina, the railroads had their terminals in the port cities: Buenos Aires and Bahia
Blanca, on the coast, and Rosario on the Parana River. The same happened in the
Uruguayan city of Montevideo. In Brazil, the railway network spread across the
plateau of São Paulo, since there was concentrated the production of precious coffee.
The Mexican case is paradoxical, since the same railway used to transport finished
products to be, at the beginning of the century, the fundamental basis for the
transportation of revolution.

It was around 1945 when the railways began to be deficient, giving way to road
transport, both passenger-and freight-all. In this way, and it is not beneficial to their
owners, most of the Latin American rail system was nationalized, often under false
nationalist discourse.

The Metro

It has been an effective means of transport in big cities since it consumes electrical
energy, is set below ground and the maintenance cost is low and does not pollute.
The bullet train

We can observe the evolution of the railroad that has been refined and is more
common in Japan.