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Assumptions:
There are some following assumptions required for link budget calculations of Uplink Signal:
Transmitter Power = Pt = 500 W = 27 dB
(Standard value for ground stations transmitting in X-Band)
Line Losses (cable losses, branching and feeder losses) = 2 dB
Diameter of the Parabolic Reflector = 10 ft = 3.048 m (1 m = 3.2808 ft)
o With Half Power Beam-width = 19.16°
Diameter of Receiving Antenna = Dr = 15 ft = 4.572 m
o With half Power Beam-width = 23.42°
Uplink Receiver Noise Figure = (N.F)uplink = 10.8
Data Rate = fb = 100 kbps
Calculations:
Up-link Frequency for X-Band: 7.9 GHz – 8.4 GHz
Gain of Transmitting Antenna
Method I: Method II:
Gt = 4πAe / λ2 = 4πf2Ae / c2 Gt = 45.6 dB
Gt = transmitting antenna gain Gt = 10 log η (πDt / λ)2
Ae = affective area η = Antenna Efficiency = 55% = 0.55
f = carrier frequency = 8 GHz f = carrier frequency = 8 GHz
c = speed of light (3x108 m/s) c = speed of light (3x108 m/s)
λ = carrier wavelength
λ = c/f = 0.0375m λ = carrier wavelength
λ = c/f = 0.0375m
Ae = 0.56A (for parabolic reflector)
Where A = πr2 Gt = 10 log 0.55 (3.14x3.048 / 0.0375)2
Now, Gt = 45.5 dB
The gain of antenna with diameter D = 3.048m
and frequency f = 8 GHz. for 100% efficiency (add 2.66 dB):
Gt = 45.5 + 2.66
Ae = 0.56 x π x (D/2)2 Gt = 48.21 dB
Ae = 0.56 x 3.14 x (3.048/2)2
Ae = 4.0840 m
so,
Gt = [4 x 3.14 x (8 x 109)2 x 4.0840] / (3 x 108) 2
Gt = 36476.47289
Or
Where;
Pin = Pt - LLINE
LLINE = Lbo + Lbf = 2 dB
Pt = transmit power
Lbo = back-off losses
Lbf = branching & feeder losses
Thus,
EIRP = (Pt – Lbo – Lbf) + Gt
EIRP = 27 – 2 + 45.5
Where;
Pt / Pr = 4πd / λ2
d = 36000 km , λ = 0.0375
So,
LP = 20 log (4πd / λ)
LP = 20 log ((4 x 3.14 x 36000 x 103) / 0.0375)
LP = 201.63 dB
IRL = C` = EIRP – LP – LU
Where;
LU = Uplink Losses , let LU = 2 dB
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Gr = 10 log [0.55 x (3.14 x 4.572 / 0.0375)2]
Gr = 49.06 dB
So;
RSL = -133.13 + 49.06 – 2
Noise Figure:
N.F = 10 log (1+Te/T)
And N.F = 10.8 dB (as assumed for transmission)
Gr/Ts = Gr – Ts
Gr = 49.06 dB
Ts = 35.42 dBK
Gr/Ts = 49.06 – 35.42
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Gr/Te = 13.64 dB/K
C = Carrier Power
No = Noise Density = KTe
K = Boltzmann’s Constant (joules per Kelvin) = 1.38 x 10-23
Te = equivalent noise temperature (Kelvin)
So,
C / No = C/KTe = C/Te x 1/K
Where;
C/Te = C` x Gr/Te
Thus,
C/No = C`x Gr/Te x 1/K = IRL x Gr/Te x 1/K
So,
C/No = -133.13 + 13.64 – (-228.6)
C/No = 109.11 dB
Eb/No = CB / Nfb
As,
N = NoB
So,
Eb/No = CB / NoBfb
Or,
Eb/No = C/N X 1/fb
Or,
(Eb/No) dB = (C/No)dB – 10 log (fb)
(Eb/No) dB = 59.11 dB
Calculation of Output SNR
Signal to noise ratio at the output can be calculated using following steps:
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Noise Spectral Density = No = kT = -228.6 + 35.4 = -193.2 dBW/Hz
Pr/N = 20.15
Calculations:
Down-link Frequency for X-Band: 7.25 GHz – 7.75 GHz
Where;
Pin = Pt - LLINE
LLINE = Lbo + Lbf = 2 dB
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Pt = transmit power
Lbo = back-off losses
Lbf = branching & feeder losses
Thus,
EIRP = (Pt – Lbo – Lbf) + GTX
EIRP = 13 – 2 + 44.8
Where;
Pt / Pr = 4πd / λ2
d = 36000 km , λ = 0.0405
So,
LP = 20 log (4πd / λ)
LP = 20 log ((4 x 3.14 x 36000 x 103) / 0.0405)
LP = 200.96 dB
IRL = C` = EIRP – LP – LD
Where;
LD = Downlink Losses , let LD = 2 dB
Gr = 48.39 dB
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Received Signal Level (RSL)
RSL = IRLdBW + Gr - LLINE
So;
RSL = -147.16 + 48.39 – 2
Noise Figure:
N.F = 10 log (1+Te/T)
And N.F = 8 dB (as assumed for downlink)
Gr/Ts = Gr – Ts
Gr = 48.39 dB
Ts = 32.62 dBK
Gr/Ts = 48.39 – 32.62
C = Carrier Power
No = Noise Density = KTe
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
K = Boltzmann’s Constant (joules per Kelvin) = 1.38 x 10-23
Te = equivalent noise temperature (Kelvin)
So,
C / No = C/KTe = C/Te x 1/K
Where;
C/Te = C` x Gr/Te
Thus,
C/No = C`x Gr/Te x 1/K = IRL x Gr/Te x 1/K
So,
C/No = -147.16 + 15.77 – (-228.6)
C/No = 97.21 dB
Eb/No = CB / Nfb
As,
N = NoB
So,
Eb/No = CB / NoBfb
Or,
Eb/No = C/N X 1/fb
Or,
(Eb/No) dB = (C/No)dB – 10 log (fb)
(Eb/No) dB = 47.21 dB
Calculation of Output SNR
Signal to noise ratio at the output can be calculated using following steps:
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)
Pr/N = 19.21
Calculation of Margin
By:
SYED TALHA UMAIR BUKHARI
Telecommunication Engineer (s.talha@ieee.org)