International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary

ISSN 2395 - 4434

Volume 1, Issue 10 December 2015
www.irjetm.com

Design and Implementation of Sliding Mode Control

for Boost Converter using PV Cell
Coimbatore Institute of Technology
Coimbatore, India
G.C.Sowparnika as.sabhari@gmail.com
Department of Chemical Engineering
Coimbatore Institute of Technology M.Thirumarimurugan
Coimbatore, India Department of Chemical Engineering
sowparnikachandrasekaran@gmail.com
Coimbatore Institute of Technology
Coimbatore, India
A.Sivalingam thirumarimurugan@gmail.com
Department of Chemical Engineering

Abstract— DC- DC boost converters are switched power

converters. In this article, the boost converter for 300V is
designed. The main drawback of the power converter is the
unlimited supply of voltage and current. In order to control the
output voltage with variations in the input voltage, a Sliding
Mode Control (SMC) is designed. The output response of the
open loop model of the converter and the SMC is compared using
the simulation results.
Index Terms— converter, control, response, simulation, SMC.
II.MODELING OF BOOST CONVERTER
The Boost converter is designed using the following
procedure:
The necessary parameter for the design of boost converter
is the input voltage, output voltage, output current and
switching frequency. Fig. 1 shows the basic circuit of boost
converter [2].

I. INTRODUCTION
DC-DC boost converters usually provide variations in
output voltage with respect to input voltage. The free supply
of voltage and current leads to malfunctioning of the boost
converter. Control techniques such as analog and digital
methods are used [1]. DC-DC converters are intrinsically non-
linear circuits and it is difficult to obtain accurate models
which influences dynamic behaviour. The DC-DC converter Fig. 1. Ideal Boost Converter Circuit
inputs are generally unregulated DC voltage input and the
required outputs should be a constant or fixed voltage. Duty Cycle (D): to determine the duty cycle D, for the
Application of a voltage regulator is that it should maintains a minimum input voltage. The minimum input voltage is used
constant or fixed output voltage irrespective of variation in because it leads to the maximum switching current.
load current or input voltage. Boost converters are widely used Vin
D= 1- Vo
for power monitoring of the renewable energy sources such as (1)
solar cell, wind mills, wind generators and fuel cell systems.
Vin = input voltage
Because of these advantages boost converters are more
Vo = desired output voltage
extensively used in industrial applications. In this article, the
Load Resistance (R):
modeling of Boost Converter is done and the control action is Vo
implemented by Sliding Mode Control (SMC) using R= (2)
Io
MATLAB. Vo = desired output voltage
Io = desired output current
Inductance (L):
Vin ∗(Vo −Vin )
L= ∆Il ∗fs ∗Vo (3)

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 International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary
ISSN 2395 - 4434
Volume 1, Issue 10 December 2015
www.irjetm.com
∆𝐼𝑙 = 10% 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑜
Vin = input voltage
Vo = desired output voltage
fs = switching frequency
∆𝐼𝑙 = inductor ripple current
Io = desired output current
Capacitance (C):
(Io ∗D) (4) Fig. 2 Boost converter- ON mode
C=
fs ∗∆Vo During ON mode as shown in Fig. 2, the state equation
Io ∆Il
∆Vo = ESR(1−D + 2 ) (5) matrices are given by-
Io = desired output current di l −R l
L
0 il 1
D = duty cycle dt (6)
= −1 * [ ] + [ L ] * Vin
fs = switching frequency
dv c
0 C∗ R +R vc 0
dt c
∆Vo = output ripple voltage R i
∆Il = inductor ripple current Vo= [0 R+R ] * [ l ] (7)
c vc
ESR = equivalent series resistance of the capacitor B. OFF Mode Equivalent Circuit
Diode: In order to reduce losses, ultra fast recovery diodes can
be used. The forward current rating needed is equal to the
maximum output current. From the above equations the design
parameters are obtained as shown in Table I.

TABLE I. SPECIFICATIONS OF BOOST CONVERTER

S.NO PARAMETERS VALUES

1. Input Voltage (Vin) 60 V Fig. 3. Boost converter- OFF mode
During OFF mode as shown in Fig. 3, the state equation
2. Input Current (Iin) 5A
matrices are given by-
3. Output Voltage (Vo) 300 V di l −R l +(R‖R c ) −R
4. Output Current (Io) 1A 1
dt L L(R+R c ) i
5. Duty Cycle (D) 0.8 =[ −1 ] * [ l ] + [ L ] * Vin (8)
dv c R vc 0
6. Load Resistance (R) 300 Ω dt C(R+R c ) (R+R c )
i R
7. Inductance (L) 240 mH Vo= [(R‖R c ) ]*[ l] (9)
8. Equivalent Series 0.5 Ω vc
(R+R c )

Resistance (ESL) The state space parameters A, B, C and D matrices for the
above equations are obtained for ON and OFF states. By
9. Capacitance (C) 5000 μF
averaging techniques the determined matrices are:
10. Equivalent Series 16 mΩ
−2.06972 −0.8332
Resistance (ESR) Aavg =
39.996 −0.666
*Units: V- volt, A- ampere, Ω- ohms, mH- milli Henry, μF- 4.166
Bavg = [ ]
micro Farad 0
Cavg = [0.003198 0.999]
III. STATE SPACE AVERAGING TECHNIQUE Davg = [0]
The modeling of DC-DC boost converter is carried out to Using MATLAB, the output transfer function obtained is
Vo 0.0133 s+166 .5
determine the state space model. The output and the control
V in
= s 2 +2.753s+34.72 (10)
transfer function of the system are obtained from the state
space model using MATLAB. This method is known as state The response of the output transfer function is shown in
space averaging technique. The operation of the boost results and discussion. Fig. 4 shows the open loop simulink
converter takes place in two modes [3]: model.
A. On Mode Equivalent Circuit

Fig. 4. Open loop simulink model

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 International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary
ISSN 2395 - 4434
Volume 1, Issue 10 December 2015
www.irjetm.com
The transfer function for the compensator is determined as
IV. CONTROLLER FOR BOOST CONVERTER 6.3443 s 2 +49.8473 s+101 .73
(12)
The boost converter should always maintain constant s 2 +100s
voltage with variations in the input parameters. In order to Fig. 6 shows the simulink model of the SMC. Therefore the
maintain a stable output in the converter, an appropriate overall control transfer function is
control signal should be applied. In practice the switching −0.5083𝑠6 −6327𝑠5 + 2.583∗105 𝑠4 + 3.906∗106 𝑠3 + 2.385∗107 𝑆 2 + 1.308∗108 𝑠+(1.75∗108 )
𝑠6 +84.55𝑠5 +1452𝑠4 + 1.744∗104 𝑠3 + 8.935∗104 𝑠2 + 4.408∗105 𝑠+(5.834∗105 )
network is highly non-linear. An accurate mathematical
modeling of the switching network is very difficult to obtain. (13)
In addition there are also reported problems of the supply
voltage and load current fluctuating over a wide range. A
controller is designed and modeled which yields the control
transfer function and the controller transfer function.
Therefore Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is implemented to
achieve a proper system performance [4]. The occurrence of
oscillatory behaviour of the boost converter is mainly caused
by the switching operation of the semiconductor device. In
order to stabilize the transient response of the system, SMC
controller is implemented. By small signal modeling
technique, the control transfer function is determined.
Vo −0.7999s 2 −996s+49500
= (11)
d s 2 +2.753s +34.72

C. Sliding Mode Control (SMC)

SM controller is a type of non-linear controller. It is Fig. 6. Simulink Model of SMC
employed and adopted for controlling variable structured
systems (VSSs). It is very easy to implement as compared to V. DESIGN OF PV CELL
other types of nonlinear and classical controllers [5]. Two A solar cell is an electrical device which converts the
important steps in SM control is to design a sliding surface in sunlight directly into electric signals. Solar cells are also
state space and then prepared a control law to direct the called as photovoltaic cells. A couple of these cells together is
system state trajectory starting from any arbitrary initial state commonly called as solar panels or photovoltaic panels. The
to reach the sliding surface in finite time, and at the end it modeling of the solar panel is done to obtain a DC voltage
should arrive to a point where the system equilibrium state source of 60V using MATLAB [8]. Fig. 7 shows the simulink
exists that is in the origin point of the phase plane. There are model of PV cell.
three important factors responsible for the stability of SM
controllers, existence, stability, and hitting condition. The
sliding line divides the phase plane into two main regions.
Each region is represent by a switching state and when the
trajectory comes at the system equilibrium point, in this case
the system is considered as stable system [6].
Fig. 5 shows a unique feature of an ideal sliding mode
control technique is that it operates at infinite switching
frequency. But practical SM controllers are operated at finite Fig. 7. Simulink Model of PV Cell
switching frequencies represent a quasi-sliding mode [7].
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this section, the output responses of the open loop model
and SMC are compared. Fig. 8 and 9 shows the responses of
open loop and SMC.

Fig. 5. Block Diagram of SMC

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 International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary
ISSN 2395 - 4434
Volume 1, Issue 10 December 2015
www.irjetm.com
REFERENCES
[1] Sowparnika G C, Sivalingam A and Thirumarimurugan M,
“Evaluation of Control Techniques in DC-DC Converters”,
International Journal of Emerging Technology & Research,
vol.2(4), pp.1-8, 2015.
[2] Brigitte Hauke, “Basic Calculation of a Boost Converter’s
Power Stage”, Texas Instruments- Application Report
SLVA372C, 2014, pp.1-8.
[3] Abdul Fathah, “Design of Boost Converter”, Department of
Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Fig. 8. Response of Open Loop Model Rourkela, 2014, pp.2-22.
[4] Apekshit Bhowate and Shraddha Deogade, “Comparison of PID
Tuning Techniques for Closed Loop Controller of DC-DC
Boost Converter”, International Journal of Advances in
Engineering & Technology, vol. 8(1), 2015, pp.2064-2073.
[5] Tamal Biswas, Prof. G KPanda, Prof. P KSaha and Prof. S Das,
“Design of PWM-Based Sliding-Mode Control of Boost
Converter with Improved Performance”, International Journal
of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 4(2), pp. 817-824, 2015.
[6] Hanifi Guldemir, “Study of Sliding Mode Control of Dc-Dc
Buck Converter”, Energy and Power Engineering, vol.3, 2011.
[7] R. A. Abdulhalem, Haroutuon A. Hairik, Hisham L. Swady and
Asmaa J. Kadhem, “Modeling and Simulation of PWM Sliding
Fig. 9. Response of SMC Mode Voltage Controller for DC/DC Boost Converters
Operating in Continuous Conduction Mode”, Academicia, pp.
1-13.
VII. CONCLUSION [8] Natarajan Pandiarajan, Ranganath Muthu, Mathematical
In this article, the output voltage is controlled using SMC Modeling of Photovoltaic Module with Simulink, International
with the variations in the input supply of voltage to the boost Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES-2011),
converter. The output voltage of Boost converter can be Research Gate, 2011, pp. 315-19.
stabilized using variable duty cycle generated by the SMC.
Boost converter with closed loop SMC precisely improved the
dynamic response of the converter system.

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