Introduction

The principle of arc welding is to attach a ground cable to the work piece . Arc welding is a type
of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and
the base material to melt the metals at the welding point.

They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable
electrodes. The machine was set to the correct amperage base on the thickness of the material, fit
the electrode in the electrode holder and with the head shield down the strike the rod against the
work to start a flow of current.

That procedure intense heat and light and your seam together. Welding thicker work piece
requires more heat in the form of higher amperage from the machine. The welding region is
usually protected by some type of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be
manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated.

Arc welding is widely used in the manufacturing and construction industries. Special
applications of basic arc welding such as resurfacing steel parts, automatic welding processes,
pipe welding and shielded arc welding are widely used.
Theory
The basic principal of arc welding involves heating or melting of the base metal using electric
arc. The electric arc is formed when there is a voltage difference between the metal coating at the
end of the electrode and the surface of the metal. The Arc will produce enough to the melt the
base metal and the end of the electrode to form a pool of molten metal.
In this semester, corner joint is commonly found when joining two plates where one plate is
perpendicular to other. The electrode should be at 45° between two parts. So that, that equal heat
and filler metal is directed onto both process.

There emulation of welding method . These include the weldment illustrated high-voltage , gas
welding , laser welding or electron radiation and ultrasound welding . In this case, we use the
welding arc. This process uses a welding power supply for creating and maintaining an electric
arc between the electrode and the base material to melt on the spot welding hardware . It can use
direct current or alternating current and the electrode is depleted or permanently . Welding area
sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi- inert gas known as protective gas and filler
sometimes also in use.

For welded joints , there are several types of joints . Among them is a butt joint , T-joint , lap,
corner and edge joint . There is a description of each of joints in welding:

1. Butt Joint
: In this type of joint , the welding process is carried out between the two edges of the
metal surfaces to be joined. Terms of appointment or oblique connection can be used
according to the thickness of the metal .
2. T-Joint
: T-joint is made by joint the edges of a sheet on the other surface in an upright position (
angle 90 ) . T-joint can be made to joint the metal that having any thickness.

3. Lap Joint
: Lap joint made by overlapping metal sites . This joint is one of the strong joint . The joint is
more effective if the size of the width of the lap is made more than three times the size of a
thick metal joint .

4. Corner Joint
: Corner lap is often used in the work of connecting pieces of metal that do not use high load.

5. Edge Joint
Objective
 Learn about safety and health
 Identify arc welding equipment
 To know how to create an extension in sheet
metal
 Learn how to make a diagonal connection
Equipment
1. AC/DC Machine
:

2. Glove
: Welding gloves are safety apparel items designed to protect the hands of welders from the
hazardous processes that occur during welding.

3. Wire brush
: Welding wire brushes allow you for proper cleaning of the base material before you start
welding and between each pass.
4. Chipping hammer
: The chipping hammer is used for the removal of slag after arc welding.

5. Apron
: Welding aprons is to protect the welder from heat and spatter when welding.

6. Head shield
: A welding helmet is a type of headgear used when performing certain types of welding to
protect the eyes, face and neck from flash burn, ultraviolet light, sparks, infrared light, and heat.
7. Electrode holder
: An electrode holder, commonly called a stinger, isa clamping device for holding the
electrode securely inany position. The welding cable attaches to the holderthrough the hollow
insulated handle.

8. Safety shoes
:
It is used to protect your feet from heat hazards , dangers of heavy pressure and sharp , and
protect workers from slipping
Procedure
1. Clean the surface of the metal plate with wire brush before welding. Place as close to the weld
as possible to the metal plate.
2. Before striking an arc, insert an electrode to the electrode holder.
3. Adjust the electric current according to the electrode size I use 100V.Arc length between the
plate n electrode is 1/16 and 3/32 in diameter --- 1/16 in (1.6 mm).
4. Weld along the base from left to right.
5. Positioning electrode holder – hold the electrode nearly perpendicular to the work, although
tilting it ahead.
SAFETY AND
PRECAUTIONS
During welding:

1) Wear safety equipment such as head shield, glove and apron before start welding.
2) Don’t watch the ultraviolet ray spatters when welding using eye without a head shield.
3) Carry Out at a comfortable area and where the is good welding will be done away from the
flammable materials.
4) Make sure the connection of the earth cable and welding cables safely and in perfect condition
for use so that no electric shock.
5) Do not disturbed other student that are still work.
Result
CONCLUSION
The conclusion that can be generated by our group is about the activities before, during and after
welding. Welding methods can help overcome the problems experienced by users. Any deficiencies
must be a way to solve it. In addition, the welding can also be cost-effective removal of iron or steel or
metal if they can’t be function properly. For example, if there is a shelf made of steel or metal has come
off or damaged. By applying the welding method, the shelves can be repaired and use by weld the parts
which is damaged or dated.

The university also has been providing the best facilities for its students. With the facilities provided will
educate students in a real situation. Experience in a real situation with only learn theoretically is very
different. Students should have experience in making and using welding equipment to help students
remember and improve themselves. The welding results from our group show that we also have these
skills but it is not too high despite the welding skills.
Reference
1. http://www.scribd.com/doc/23089869/Welding-Report#scribd
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_welding
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding_helmet
4. Google Images