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Mansoor Shaukat
Multistage Amplifiers
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3
Multistage Amplifiers
• Practical transistor amplifier consists of number of stages
connected in cascade.
Mansoor Shaukat
• First stage, in addition to providing gain, also provides high input
resistance when an amplifier is fed from a high resistance source.
– In differential amplifiers, the input stage must also provide large
common mode rejection.
• The function of middle stages is to provide the bulk of voltage gain.
In addition, functions such as:-
– Conversion of differential to single-ended if required.
– Shifting of dc level in order to allow signal swing both positive and
negative.
• The last or output stage is to provide low output resistance in order
to avoid loss of gain when low valued load is connected to the
amplifier.
• Current capacity
• Power efficiency
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A 4-stage Bipolar Op Amp 4
• Note : Emitter-follower because the signal voltage at the emitter follows that at the base.
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Multistage Amplifiers
+ 15 V
2.3 k
Mansoor Shaukat
20 k 20 k
3k VE7 = 12.7 V
Vc5 = 12 V
VC1 = 10 V VB5 = 10 V Q7
Q4 Q5 IE7 = 1 mA
Q1 Q2
vid Q8
VE5 = 9.3 V VB8 = 0.7 V
VE1 = -0.7 V
Vo
IC5 = 1 mA
28.6 k VE8 = 0 V
IE1 = 0.25 mA
15.7 k 3k
IC3 = 0.5 mA IE8 = 5 mA
VC9 = - 14.3 V Q6
Q3
Q9 X4
IC9 = 0.5 mA
VB9 = - 14.3 V
IC6= 4X0.5 mA = 2 mA
- 15 V
(……the dc analysis)
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Mansoor Shaukat
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Multistage Amplifiers
Ri3
Mansoor Shaukat
2.3 k
20 k 20 k
3k
Q7
Q4
Q1 Q2 Q5 ic7
vid
Vo
15.7 k 3k
Rid
Ri2 Ri4
(Determining voltage gain)
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Mansoor Shaukat
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Mansoor Shaukat Multistage Amplifiers
2.3 k
20 k 20 k
ib5 3 k ib7
Q7
ii ic2 ic5
Q4
ic1 Q5 ic7
Q1 Q2 ib5
vid Q8
ie8
ib8
ii Vo
15.7 k 3k