Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Computer is the most versatile machine humans have ever created. It plays an important role in
our everyday life. It covers huge area of application including education, industries, government,
medicine, and scientific research, law and even music and arts. Without computers, life would
certainly be difficult and different.

Nowadays, mostly all schools, colleges, and universities are giving more emphasis to computer
education including it in their curriculum. Schools have computer labs that give students access to
resources they may not have at home. Some classes even have a computer at every desk for the
use of the students. Some examples of computer uses are: teaching software development,
hardware design, novel users of microcontrollers. The applications used are also indispensable to
computers in education today and into the future.

With the fast growing computer industry, it's no wonder that computers are becoming more
integrated in every school's systems. The computer has for a long time been a part of school
systems, now with the growing technology computers have become on official part of the school
system for children's research and essay writing. What is the future? The future has already begun.
Many classes are now online so people can do all the studying they need in the comfort of their
own home from over the internet. With online classes they do not have to be afraid of others’
opinions, and can feel free to speak their mind on what they think of the topic. Classroom materials
distribution can also be incorporated, with many lessons for all to learn, teachers can create
additional assignments that can be done at any time and post them online. This cuts down on the
amount of papers students need, and helps the students to stay organized with all their assignments
and even their books if teachers feel the need. (The computer revolution/effect on
society/education, 2013)

With computers in classrooms, teachers can present and demonstrate new material, provide
illustrations and guide students to supplementary websites. Class websites can provide details of
homework, grades, schedules and calendars. Students have the ability to create blogs and wikis as
research projects. Online videos and other media can be integrated into classroom instruction.
Since computers are already so much a part of students' lives, using them in classrooms offers
relevancy as a motivation for learning.

In summary, the historical trends of technology in schools include a change from computer-
assisted instruction focused on drill activities to a vision for educational transformation by
integrating technology into curriculum. In addition to the early vision of technology as a vehicle
of pedagogical reform, the historical lens of policy that follows is the second question that emerged
from the review and sets a framework for making problematic current trends and outcomes.
(Franklin, 2007)
 Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become ubiquitous with current
and future social and organizational development. The role of these technologies in national
development is undeniably significant. As the positive effects of ICTs have continually been noted
in developed libraries, it has become critically important for developing libraries of Africa to
embrace these technologies. The United Nations Development Programme refers to ICTs as a
“powerful enabler of development” because of the significant impact on the economic, scientific,
academic, social, political, cultural and other aspects of life. In higher education and human
capacity building, there are significant patterns of change because ICTs are impetus for change in
traditional concepts of teaching and learning, as well as prime motivation behind the change in
scholarly and professional activities. (Sutton, 2001)

As among the many impacts of computers on education are the ability of students to access the
Internet to facilitate research, the globalization effect of the interaction between students in
different countries, access to educational materials from museums and other institutions, and the
option of distance education for those unable to attend physical schools. Here are some given
impacts:

POSITIVE EFFECTS

 An individual becomes more competent to take decisions due to the computer because all
the information required to take the decision is provided by the computer on time. As a
result, any individuals or institutions get success very fast.
 Computers have created new fields of employment. These employments are in the field of
designing, manufacturing, teaching, etc.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

 Due to any reasons, if the data stored in the computer is lost, the person responsible for
handling the computer will have to tolerate a lot.
 People do not use their mind for common arithmetic, which gradually results in loss of
their numerical ability.
 Today, any person who does not have the knowledge of computer is considered the second
class citizens. (Quadri, 2012)

Bibliography
The computer revolution/effect on society/education. (2013, January 20). Retrieved December 4,
2017, from Wikibooks:
file:///F:/The%20Computer%20Revolution_Effect%20on%20society_Education%20-
%20Wikibooks,%20open%20books%20for%20an%20open%20world.html
Franklin, C. A. (2007). Technology Integration: A Review of the Literature. 83.

Quadri, G. O. (2012, June). Impact of ICT skills on the use of e-resources by information
professionals: a review of related literature. Retrieved December 4, 2017, from Library
Philosophy and Practice.

Sutton, A. S. (2001). Trends, trend projections, and crystal ball gazing. In Journal of Education for
Library and Information Science (pp. 241-247).