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VERTEBRATE ENDODERM
Functions of Chordamesoderm
– Establish the AP axis
– Induce DV patterning of NT
– Induce ventral somitic fates
– Induce pancreatic outgrowth from gut
Epithelial-Mesenchymal interactions
DEVELOPMENT and ORGAN
FORMATION
Bio 23 Lec
lacajuday@bicol.u.edu.ph
References:
Gilbert 2006
Wells and Melton 1999
Stainier 2002
Major Functions of Endoderm
1. Induce the formation of
mesoderm/mesodermal organs
2. Construct the linings of the
digestive and respiratory tubes
Major Functions of Endoderm
1. Induce the formation of
mesoderm/mesodermal organs
2. Construct the linings of the 2
tubes within the vertebrate body
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Overview and timeline of

endoderm organ formation in mice

E7.5

E8.5

E9.5

Derivatives of the Endoderm

• Digestive tube,
(esophagus,
stomach, intestine)
liver, pancreas and
gall bladder
• Respiratory tube
– pharynx
(tonsils,thyroid,thy
mus and
parathyroid)
– trachea
– bronchi, lungs

Fate maps of sea urchin, Xenopus, zebrafish and mouse embryos showing the position of the
mesodermal (red) and endodermal (yellow) progenitors.

Embryonic origin of Endoderm

©2002 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Stainier D Y Genes Dev. 2002;16:893-907

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The concept of Mesendoderm

Regionalisation of the Endoderm

In the chick it appears to be regionally

specified even before it forms the tube

1.5 d chick embryo expresses TFs

that are regionally specific

Stages of endoderm development At E7-7.5 migration of E/M

progenitors continues....

Endoderm is one thick layer w app. 500 cells

Endoderm as a sheet of cells covering the

outside of the embryo at this stage Formation of the gut tube

A. A cup within a cup. B. Late PS embryo (a sheet with app. 500 cells)

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Signals that establish pattern in Transcription factors in

the forming gut tube the early gut tube

Foregut Derivatives Midgut Derivatives

1. pharynx and its derivatives 1. the small intestine
2. lower respiratory tract 2. the cecum
3. esophagus 3. the appendix
4. stomach 4. the ascending colon
5. duodenum
5. the right 1/2 to 2/3 of the proximal
6. liver part of the transverse colon.
7. pancreas
8. biliary apparatus

Midgut Derivatives Extraembryonic membranes

1. the small intestine
2. the cecum
3. the appendix
4. the ascending colon
5. the right 1/2 to 2/3 of the proximal
part of the transverse colon.
• Body folds formed by the extension of
ectodermal and endodermal epithelium
underlain with lateral plate mesoderm
– Ectoderm + mesoderm = somatopleure
• Amnion
• Chorion
– Endoderm + mesoderm = splanchnopleure
• Yolk sac
• allantois

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For Group Presentation

1. Eyes
2 Ears
3. Heart
4. Blood Vessels
5.Kidney and its ducts
6.Gonads and its ducts
7. Stomach
8. Liver
9. Pancreas
10. Lungs and trachea
11. Thymus and parathyroid

Mechanics

• 15 min. per group

• 15 slides per group • Origin/Specification of the organ/cell
• All ppt files to be uploaded in one PC • Steps in the formation
only • Differentiation
• worth 30 points • Anomalies