SP1208

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
UNRESTRICTED Document ID : SP-1208

April 2001 Filing key : xxxx
Pipeline Construction Specification (PCS-01)
Keywords:
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any
part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise)
without prior written consent of the owner.
Pipeline Construction Specification (PCS-01) Version 1.0
Authorised For Issue
Signed :............................................................
R S Boulstridge, UEL (OIP)
CFDH Pipelines
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all
revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

No.
Version 1.0 April 2001 R J Harris, OIP/31 Text of Specification PCS-01 adapted and
re-formatted. References updated and text
edited. No significant technical changes
made.
SP-1208 Page i April 2001

Version 1.0 Pipeline Construction Specification (PCS-01)
Contents
Authorised For Issue....................................................................................................................i
Contents.......................................................................................................................................ii
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Changes to the Specification.............................................................................................1
1.3 Conflicting Requirements.................................................................................................1
1.4 Exceptions.........................................................................................................................1
2. Specification Requirements..................................................................................................2
2.1 Safety.................................................................................................................................2
2.1.1 Scope......................................................................................................................2
2.1.2 General...................................................................................................................2
2.1.3 Safety Officer..........................................................................................................2
2.1.4 Specific Pipeline Activities....................................................................................3
2.2 Quality Assurance..............................................................................................................3
2.2.1 Scope......................................................................................................................3
2.2.2 General...................................................................................................................3
2.2.3 Quality Assurance Team........................................................................................3
2.2.4 Company Inspection...............................................................................................4
2.3 Materials Handling/Control..............................................................................................5
2.3.1 Scope......................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 General...................................................................................................................5
2.3.3 Pipe Inspection.......................................................................................................6
2.3.4 Pipe Handling.........................................................................................................6
2.3.5 Pipe Stacking..........................................................................................................7
2.3.6 Linepipe Specifications..........................................................................................7
2.3.7 Inspection of Materials other than Pipe.................................................................7
2.3.8 Handling of Materials other than Pipe..................................................................8
2.3.9 Reconciliation........................................................................................................8
2.4 R.O.W. and Trenching.......................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Public Open Space, Permanent Right-of-Way and Working Strip.......................9
2.4.2 Clearing and Grading..........................................................................................10
2.4.3 Trenching.............................................................................................................13
2.5 Stringing and Bending....................................................................................................15
2.5.1 Scope....................................................................................................................15
2.5.2 Stringing...............................................................................................................16
2.5.3 Pipe Bending........................................................................................................16
2.6 Welding and NDT...........................................................................................................17
2.6.1 Scope....................................................................................................................17
2.6.2 Off-Plot Pipelines.................................................................................................17
2.6.3 On-Plot Pipework.................................................................................................17
2.7 Anti-Corrosion Coating...................................................................................................18
2.7.1 Scope....................................................................................................................18
2.7.2 Materials...............................................................................................................18
2.7.3 Surface Preparation..............................................................................................19
2.7.4 Shrink Sleeve Application...................................................................................19
2.7.5 F.B.E. Application................................................................................................20
2.7.6 Coating Repairs....................................................................................................21
2.7.7 Testing, Inspection and Acceptance.....................................................................22
2.8 Lowering-In, Backfilling and Reinstatement.................................................................24
2.8.1 Scope....................................................................................................................24
2.8.2 Pre-Padding..........................................................................................................24
2.8.3 Lowering-in and Post-Padding............................................................................25
2.8.4 Tie-ins...................................................................................................................25
2.8.5 Backfilling............................................................................................................26
2.8.6 Stabilising Sand Areas.........................................................................................26
2.8.7 Livestock Passageways.........................................................................................27
April 2001 Page ii SP-1208

2.8.8 Reinstatement.......................................................................................................27
2.9 Road and Wadi Crossings................................................................................................28
2.9.1 Scope....................................................................................................................28
2.9.2 Road Crossings.....................................................................................................28
2.9.3 Wadi-Crossings....................................................................................................29
2.10 Concrete Coating for Wadi Crossings.......................................................................29
2.10.1 Scope....................................................................................................................29
2.10.2 General.................................................................................................................29
2.10.3 Concrete Materials...............................................................................................30
2.10.4 Application...........................................................................................................31
2.10.5 Curing..................................................................................................................32
2.10.6 Inspection and Testing.........................................................................................32
2.10.7 Concrete Coating Repairs....................................................................................33
2.11 Permanent Markers And Barriers..............................................................................34
2.11.1 Scope....................................................................................................................34
2.11.2 General.................................................................................................................34
2.11.3 Chainage Markers................................................................................................34
2.11.4 Block Valve Markers............................................................................................34
2.11.5 Road Crossing Markers.......................................................................................34
2.11.6 Wadi Crossing Markers.......................................................................................34
2.11.7 Pipeline Crossing Markers...................................................................................35
2.11.8 Cable Crossing Markers.......................................................................................35
2.11.9 Markers at Horizontal Bends...............................................................................35
2.11.10 Cathodic Protection Markers.........................................................................35
2.11.11 Pearson Survey Hole Marker..........................................................................35
2.11.12 R.O.W. `STOP` Signs.....................................................................................35
2.11.13 Corrosion Monitoring Pit Marker..................................................................35
2.11.14 Access Barriers...............................................................................................35
2.12 Station Works.............................................................................................................36
2.12.1 Scope....................................................................................................................36
2.12.2 Earthworks...........................................................................................................36
2.12.3 Civil and Mechanical Works................................................................................36
2.12.4 Painting................................................................................................................38
2.12.5 Instrumentation....................................................................................................38
2.12.6 Electrical Works...................................................................................................39
2.12.7 Fencing.................................................................................................................40
2.13 Cathodic Protection...................................................................................................40
2.13.1 Scope....................................................................................................................40
2.13.2 Materials...............................................................................................................40
2.13.3 Installation...........................................................................................................41
2.13.4 Pearson Survey.....................................................................................................42
2.13.5 Commissioning....................................................................................................42
2.14 Quality And Treatment Of Hydrotesting Water.........................................................42
2.14.1 Scope....................................................................................................................42
2.14.2 General.................................................................................................................42
2.14.3 Water Quality.......................................................................................................43
2.14.4 Chemical Treatment.............................................................................................43
2.15 Hydrostatic Testing....................................................................................................44
2.15.1 Scope....................................................................................................................44
2.15.2 Safety....................................................................................................................46
2.15.3 Testing Materials and Equipment........................................................................46
2.15.4 Cleaning and Gauging.........................................................................................48
2.15.5 Requirements Prior to Testing.............................................................................49
2.15.6 Filling...................................................................................................................49
2.15.7 Temperature Stabilisation....................................................................................50
2.15.8 Air Content/Pressurisation...................................................................................50
2.15.9 Strength Test........................................................................................................50
2.15.10 Tightness Test.................................................................................................51
2.15.11 Depressurising and Dewatering.....................................................................51
2.15.12 Pre-Testing......................................................................................................52
2.15.13 Station Pipework............................................................................................52
2.15.14 Documentation...............................................................................................53
2.16 Precommissioning Of Pipelines................................................................................53
SP-1208 Page i April 2001

2.16.1 Scope....................................................................................................................53
2.16.2 General.................................................................................................................54
2.16.3 Bulk Dewatering of Oil and Gas Lines...............................................................54
2.16.4 Final Dewatering of Gas Lines............................................................................55
2.16.5 Initial Drying and Cleaning of Gas Lines...........................................................56
2.16.6 Final Drying of Gas Pipelines..............................................................................56
2.16.6 Detailed Procedure for Drying On-Plot Piping...................................................59
2.17 Work On Live Pipe Systems......................................................................................60
2.17.1 Scope....................................................................................................................60
2.17.2 General.................................................................................................................60
2.18 As-Built Records........................................................................................................60
2.18.1 Scope....................................................................................................................60
2.18.2 General.................................................................................................................60
2.18.3 Test, Calibration and Inspection Reports.............................................................61
2.18.4 Material Certificates............................................................................................61
2.18.5 As-built Drawings and Pipeline Data Sheets......................................................61
2.19 Effective Period..........................................................................................................61
2.20 Review and Improvement..........................................................................................62
Appendix A Glossary of Definitions, Terms and Abbreviations....................................63
Appendix B Reference Documents.........................................................................................64
Appendix C Facilities For Company Personnel....................................................................66

C.1 Scope..........................................................................................................................66
C.2 Accommodation.........................................................................................................66
C.3 Messing......................................................................................................................67
C.4 Offices and Office Services........................................................................................67
C.5 Vehicles and Maintenance.........................................................................................68
C.6 Recreational facilities................................................................................................68
User Comment Form................................................................................................................69
April 2001 Page iv SP-1208

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This document shall be used as the base specification for the construction and pre-
commissioning of all new carbon steel pipelines required in PDO operations.
This document supersedes Pipeline Construction Specification PCS-01 Revision 4, dated

June 1992, which is withdrawn. The purpose of this issue is to bring the layout and
contents in line with other Company BCDs. Apart from updating where necessary the
document cross-references, the technical requirements remain essentially unchanged,
pending a full review to be conducted in the near future.
1.2 Changes to the Specification

This specification shall not be changed without approval from the Custodian, UEL (OIP,
CFDH Pipelines), who owns this specification. If you think any part of this specification is
not correct, write your comments on a copy of the User Comments Form. The form is
included as the last page of this specification. Send the copy with your comments and
personal details to DCS.
1.3 Conflicting Requirements

In case of conflict between documents relating to an inquiry or order the following priority
of documents shall apply:
Contractual Scope of Work, Purchase Orders and Variations thereto.
Project Specification and Requisition Sheets.
This document andPDO/Group standards referred to in this document.
International Standards and Specifications referred to in this document.
1.4 Exceptions
The user shall obtain written approval prior to construction from the appropriate Technical
Authority within PDO for any deviation from or exception to the requirements of this
Standard. The appropriate technical authorities are set out in ERD-00-02 and GU-272.
Any work completed with unauthorised modifications may be rejected by the Company.
Any subsequent rework shall be in accordance with this specification and shall be to the
Contractor’s expense.
SP-1208 Page 1 April 2001

2. Specification Requirements
2.1 Safety
2.1.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum Safety requirements required for the
Work.
2.1.2 General
Contractor shall comply in all respects with HSE Specification, GU-140, Lifting equipment
Specification, ERD 80-01 and Company Rollover protection requirements.
As part of Contractor`s mobilisation, Contractor shall submit and obtain Company`s

approval for the Safety Plans and Procedures for the Work, prior to any Work commencing.
2.1.3 Safety Officer
Contractor shall appoint one or more Safety Officers, to be approved by Company, reporting
directly to the Contractor`s Project Manager.
The Safety Officer shall be fully conversant with the Work and shall have previous
experience and qualifications as specified in the Safety Regulations. Details of qualifications
and experience of the Safety Officer(s) proposed by Contractor shall be submitted to
Company for approval before mobilisation of the Safety Officer(s).
Safety Officers shall have valid Omani driving licences, or Contractor shall provide a full-
time driver for Safety Officer`s use.
Following Company`s approval and the arrival of the Safety Officer(s) in Oman, Company
has the right to submit the Safety officer(s) to an examination to ensure his suitability for the
work he is required to do, and reject the Safety Officer(s) if found unsuitable at Company`s
sole discretion.
The work of the Safety Officer(s) is to ensure that all Contractor`s work and conditions are in
accordance with the Company`s Safety Regulations.
The Safety Officer(s) shall make daily reports about all accidents, unsafe acts, unsafe
situations etc.. noticed by himself or brought to his attention. The daily report shall be
transmitted to Contractor`s Project Manager on each morning following the reported day. A
copy shall be handed to Company`s Site Engineer. The daily report is in addition to those
required by the Safety Regulations. Contractor`s Project Manager shall advise Company`s
Site Engineer within 24 hrs. after the report has been issued, in writing, what action has
been taken to prevent re-occurrence of any incidents reported.
The Safety Officer(s) shall carry out his work from the moment Contractor starts the
mobilisation in Oman until the Completion Date.
Contractor shall provide a car with VHF radio, for the sole use of the Safety Officer(s), for
communications with Contractor`s Construction camp/head office.
April 2001 Page 2 SP-1208

2.1.4 Specific Pipeline Activities
Contractor shall specifically instruct all personnel of the dangers relating to the internal
inspection of pipelines. Only under special circumstances shall anyone be allowed to enter a
pipeline, and only after a specific procedure has been agreed and approved by Company.
During construction of pipelines the working strip shall be marked with road traffic signs
and specific warning signs relating to the construction activities. This applies particularly to
road crossings.
2.2 Quality Assurance
2.2.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements of Quality Assurance
required for the Work.
2.2.2 General
Before starting the Work, Contractor shall submit his proposed quality assurance procedures
and organisation to Company for Company`s approval. Contractors proposed plan shall
include the internal procedures to report non conformances, how corrective action requests
are generated and how it will be demonstrated that such actions have been carried out and
are effective.
2.2.3 Quality Assurance Team
2.2.3.1 Duties to ensure that the Work is carried out in accordance with the Specification.
Contractor shall have a full time Quality Assurance Team and also necessary equipment at
the Work Site, which shall have no other work or responsibilities apart from Quality
Assurance.
The Quality Assurance Team should as a minimum consist of:
a) 1 no. Contractor`s Head of Quality Assurance responsible for procedure preparation and
implementation, drawing and document control and supervision.
b) 4 no. Contractor`s Inspectors (depending on contract size and geographical spread of the
work sites).
Their duties shall relate to the following activities:
- materials certification
- traceability of materials
- welding procedures
- field welding
- NDT procedures
- identification numbering systems
- shrink sleeve application
- trench depth
- sand padding
- painting/coating
- as-built drawings
- reports and general documentation
- document control
As a minimum two Contractor`s Inspector shall cover welding and one Contractor`s
Inspector shall cover sand padding operations.

2.2.3.2 Personnel
The Head of Quality Assurance shall have a detailed knowledge of welding and NDT. He
shall have experience in quality assurance matters and be suitably qualified.
All Contractor`s Inspectors shall be fully conversant with an experienced in the aspects of the
Work for which they will be employed. They shall have previously worked on similar
projects in similar capacities. All Contractor`s Inspectors shall be suitably qualified and a
copy of all qualification certificates relevant to the inspection function for which they are
proposed by Contractor shall be submitted for Company approval before mobilisation of the
Inspectors. All Contractor`s Inspectors shall hold current valid driving licenses and have a
dedicated vehicle.
Following Company`s approval and the arrival of the Inspectors on site, Company has the
right to submit all Inspectors to an examination to ensure their suitability for the work they
are required to do, and reject any Inspector that is found unsuitable, at the Company`s sole
discretion.
2.2.3.3 Organisation
The Head of Quality Assurance shall report directly to the Contractor`s Project Manager. His
duties shall be to liaise with Company, organise the Contractor`s Inspectors so that they carry
out their duties in an efficient manner, and prepare all necessary reports. The Head of
Quality Assurance shall not carry out inspection work himself other than in supervision of
the Contractor`s Inspectors.
Contractor`s NDT supervisors and where appropriate shrink sleeves manufacturers

representative shall report directly to the Head of Quality Assurance on quality assurance
matters.
The Quality Assurance organisation shall be similar to that shown in Figure 1, below.
2.2.4 Company Inspection
Company will employ a team of Inspectors throughout the contract period, to monitor all
work activities including safety aspects. These Company Inspectors are hereafter referred to
as the Inspectors.
The Inspectors will have authority to stop the work in the case of unsafe situations and non-
compliance with the Safety Regulations.
Interpretation of weld radiographs shall be performed by Contractor`s Specialist sub

Contractor and the Inspectors independently, in accordance with the NDT flowchart included
in the Procedures.
Non-compliance certificates and other forms are also included in the Procedures.

Figure 1 Quality Assurance Organisation
Coastal Based
Project Manager
Site Head
Construction Quality
Manager Assurance
Coating ¦ Contractor's
Representative ¦ Inspectors
¦
¦
_________________ ____________ ¦
NDT
Subcontractor

2.3 Materials Handling/Control
2.3.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for handling, storage and
administration of all materials, either Company or Contractor supplied, to be incorporated in
the Work.
2.3.2 General
2.3.2.1 Handling, including but not necessarily limited to receipt, checking, lifting, loading,
transport, unloading, stacking, and storage of materials shall be carried out by
Contractor in such a manner as to avoid any damage and loss of materials. Method
and means of transport and handling (including documentation) shall be subject to
approval by Company.
2.3.2.2 Contractor`s material control and storage procedure shall be submitted to Company
within one week of the start of mobilisation, for approval.
2.3.2.3 Contractor shall give Company at least 2 Company working days notice in writing
on each occasion when he intends to start transporting Company supplied materials.
A lapse greater than 2 working days shall require renotification. Pipe can be
removed from Company`s yard 7 days per week during daylight hours, unless
otherwise specified by Company. Contractor shall provide Company with a written
confirmation of receipt of all materials (identified by type and quantity) and a
written reconciliation of all materials (identified by type and quality) transported by
them from Company`s storage yard on a weekly basis.
2.3.2.4 Contractor shall present to Company all material measurement devices/gauges for
approval before these instruments are used. Valid calibration certificates shall be
provided where applicable.
2.3.2.5 Contractor is required to supply lifting equipment for lifting materials at all
locations. Lifting equipment and operations shall be in accordance with ERD-80-
01.
2.3.2.6 Contractor shall appoint a dedicated site-based materials Controller whose sole
function shall be to control and report on the receipt, issue, and stock status of the
Contractor and Company supplied materials.
2.3.2.7 Contractor shall not be held responsible for material manufacturing defects, but
shall be held responsible for any delays to the Work caused by Contractors failure to
report defects discovered during inspection by Contractor within 24 hours of such
inspection.
2.3.2.8 Contractor`s procedures for material receipt and return of surplus materials shall
conform to Company`s materials procurement/administration procedures.
2.3.3 Pipe Inspection
2.3.3.1 The Contractor shall visually inspect at the Company storage yards all pipe
internally and externally for damage, surface defects, laminations, defective bevels
and dimensional tolerances. The Contractor shall satisfy himself at this stage of the
suitability of each pipe for welding and shall accept all responsibility thereafter for
all damages however caused.
2.3.3.2 Prior to haulage of pipe from Company`s storage yard, Company and Contractor
shall carry out a joint survey of pipe coating damage and bevel damage with

damages calculated on a proportional basis from the area of pipe which can actually
be inspected. On the basis of this survey, Company will pay Contractor a lump sum
for repair of all bevel and coating damage, based on the submitted unit rates in the
Schedules, in accordance with these specification. For bevel damages between 1
and 3 mm deep the repair shall be by grinding. For bevel damage depth greater
than 3 mm the repair shall be by rebevelling.
2.3.4 Pipe Handling
2.3.4.1 Pipe shall not be allowed to drop or strike objects which may damage the pipe
and/or coating but shall be lifted, moved and lowered from one position to another
by suitable equipment . When lifting pipe, non-abrasive wide nylon pipe slings or
special lifting hooks equipped with a non-metallic bevel protector, curved to fit the
curvature of the inside of the pipe shall be used. Temporary attachments for
handling or lifting shall not be welded to any pipe. A spreader bar shall be used for
all bulk pipe lifting/handling (excluding welding operations).
2.3.4.2 Trucks used to transport coated or bare pipes shall be free of any materials that
might damage or contribute to movement of the pipe during transport. Pipes shall
be protected against truck beds and side metallic protrusions by means of non-
metallic soft materials. Pipes shall be loaded and stacked on trucks in such a
manner that flexing and shifting of the pipe during transport is avoided. After
loading, suitable non-metallic slings shall be used to tie the load securely to the
truck. During transport the tension of these slings shall be regularly checked. Pipe
ends shall be protected from contact with other metallic materials. Contractor shall
ensure that no bevel protectors can be lost during transport. Pipes shall only be
transported on trucks (lifting equipment shall not be used to transport pipe).
2.3.4.3 Trucks used for loading of pipes will be checked by the Company prior to lifting the
pipes to ensure the trucks comply with rules and regulations.
2.3.5 Pipe Stacking
2.3.5.1 Ground surfaces to be used for stacking of pipe shall be reasonably flat. Stacked
pipes shall be raised above ground surfaces and prevented from movement by berms
of screened sand covered by polyethylene sheeting or by using timber covered with
non-metallic soft materials. When stacked, the bottom layer of pipes shall be
wedged or clipped. Pipes of different diameter, wall thickness, grade or
manufacturer shall be stacked separately, each stack to be properly marked to the
satisfaction of Company.
2.3.5.2 Epoxy-coated pipes shall be stacked during transport and storage using rubber or
other suitable separator strips.
2.3.5.3 Pipes shall not be stacked higher than 3.5 metres.
2.3.6 Linepipe Specifications
2.3.6.1 Mainline line-pipe shall be manufactured in accordance DEP 31.40.20.30 and DEP
31.40.20.31 for non-sour or sour conditions respectively. These specify
amendments/supplements to API Specification 5L.
2.3.6.2 Average length shall be nominally 13m. Not less than 95% of all pipes shall be
between 11m and 14m long. Not more than 5% of all pipes shall be between 8m
and 11m long. All pipe other than linepipe (i.e. station pipe) shall be supplied in
single or double random lengths.

2.3.6.3 Mainline linepipe shall be provided with a factory-applied polyethylene coating or a

factory applied fusion bonded epoxy powder coating. Each polyethylene-coated pipe
shall be left bare for a distance of 140 ± 15 mm from each end, each fusion-bonded
epoxy powder coated pipe shall be left bare for 65 ± 10mm.
2.3.7 Inspection of Materials other than Pipe
2.3.7.1 Upon receipt of any materials the Contractor shall ensure than they conform to the
required specification and are suitable for their intended application. Any
damage/defects shall be reported to the Company within 24 hours of receipt of these
materials and prior to transportation to the Contractor`s own storage yard. Visual
inspection shall be adequate for this purpose.
2.3.7.2 In the case of materials delivered in their original sealed crates, Contractor shall
only open the crates to examine the materials upon arrival at his own storage yard,
except in the case of damaged crates which shall be noted and the contents
examined when Contractor takes receipt at Company`s storage yard.
2.3.7.3 If no report is issued for damaged materials 24 hours after receipt (or in the case of
3.7.2 above, 24 hours after arrival of materials at the Contractors storage yard), then
the materials shall be considered free from damage and the Contractor shall be
considered liable for any damage reported or found at a later date.
2.3.8 Handling of Materials other than Pipe
2.3.8.1 Materials other than pipe materials such as, but not limited to, valves, fittings,
scraper traps etc., shall be lifted by suitable equipment provided by Contractor at
Company`s storage yard and at all other locations. When lifting lugs are provided
on materials, suitable lifting hooks shall be used for lifting the materials. It is
prohibited to use delicate parts such as handwheels, nozzles, etc.. for lifting of the
materials.
Temporary attachments for handling or lifting shall not be welded to any materials.
Fittings shall only be handled by suitable non-abrasive slings.
2.3.8.2 Materials other than pipe materials will be issued to Contractor whenever possible
in their original sealed shipping cases/crates. Blinded openings of materials shall be
kept closed until installation. The blinds shall be replaced by Contractor in case of
damage during transport or storage.
2.3.8.3 During transport, materials shall be secured by suitable non-metallic non-abrasive

slings.
2.3.8.4 For materials which shall be stored cool and/or dry as required by the manufacturer
or the Specifications, Contractor shall provide suitable storage, transport and
handling facilities in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer and/or
the Specifications.
2.3.8.5 Contractor shall provide a separately fenced off storage area for Company supplied
materials. Stored materials shall be protected from ground surfaces by using timber
covered with non-metallic soft materials. Ground surfaces in storage areas shall be
clean and flat. It is prohibited to store and transport fragile materials in more than
one layer.
2.3.8.6 Distribution and supply of materials from Contractor`s storage yard to the worksites
shall be limited to quantities required for approximately one day`s production.
Timing of the issue of materials shall be as per the Company approved work
schedule.

2.3.9 Reconciliation
2.3.9.1 At the end of the project Contractor shall give a reconciliation for all Company
Supplied materials issued, detailing materials installed, materials wasted and
scrapped, and surplus materials.
Contractors shall compile a list of the surplus materials, indicating quantity,

description and MESC number when available.
2.3.9.2 On approval of the surplus list by Company, Contractor shall return all surplus
materials to Company`s storage yard.
2.4 R.O.W. and Trenching
2.4.1 Public Open Space, Permanent Right-of-Way and Working Strip
2.4.1.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for the Public
Open Space, Permanent Right-of-Way and the Working Strip.
2.4.1.2 Survey
Company has surveyed the route for the pipeline. The route chosen is shown on the
route maps and the centre line of the pipeline has been staked out.
The actual centreline of the pipeline can in some instances deviate from the line
staked e.g. at station approaches. This should be taken into account where the word
`centreline` is used in the remainder of this Section.
2.4.1.3 Width Allowances
a) The Permanent Right-of-Way for the pipeline shall be a strip of land 20 metres
wide in total, 10 metres on either side of the centreline of the pipeline. An
additional 15 metres on both sides of the Right-of-Way is designated as Public
Open Space to safeguard the pipeline after construction.
b) Contractor may make use of a Working Strip, having a width of 31 metres

(including a continuous 6 metre wide vehicle access strip). Variations, if any, in
this width caused by local conditions will be indicated on the drawings or
instructed to Contractor by Company.
2.4.1.4 Planning/Approvals
a) Contractor shall, before starting any clearing operations, familiarise himself with
any requirements by Authorities for work along the pipeline route or in
connection with the use of other lands or roads for construction purposes.
b) Contractor shall notify Company 7 days in advance during work progress about
road, pipeline, cable, stream and wadi crossings and crossings of other existing
structures, if any.
Contractor shall not commence work on such crossings before having obtained
approval from the Authorities and landowners concerned to the satisfaction of
Company.
The crossings shall be installed to meet at all times the requirements and
conditions of the permits, issued by the Authorities concerned.

In the absence of any specific requirements by Authorities, Contractor shall

comply with Company`s instructions.
c) Where the permanent Right-of-Way or Public Open Space comes within 25

metres of an existing line, Contractor shall propose methods to safeguard the
existing line(e.g. a demarcation fence). No work is allowed in such an area
without Company approval. Equipment may be operated up to 2 m from
existing facilities, provided these facilities are properly located and marked with
pegs/fencing by Contractor.
2.4.2 Clearing and Grading
2.4.2.1 Scope
a) This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for staking,
clearing and grading along the pipeline route as required for the Work.
b) Company will have obtained ‘approval in principle’ for laying the pipelines
along the routes. Contractor however will have to obtain permission from the
concerned Authorities to execute the work.
2.4.2.2 Definitions
a) ‘Clearing’ shall mean but is not necessarily limited to the cutting and disposal of
trees, farm crops, brush and undergrowth.
b) ‘Grading’ shall mean but is not necessarily limited to removal and disposal of
rock, sand dunes, tree stumps and roots.
c) ‘Point of Intersection’ shall mean a point in which the centreline of the straight
sections of the pipeline route changes direction in the horizontal plane. In
general such a point will be outside the actual pipeline centreline because of the
bending radius to be applied.
2.4.2.3 Staking
a) The centreline of the pipeline has been staked by Company with markers
intervisible by binoculars or theolodite.
i) Markers are located at the centreline of the pipeline where straight.

Reference markers are established at the Points of Intersection, perpendicular
to the previous pipeline direction, at 25 metre steps from the pipeline
centreline.
ii) The markers are angle-iron profiles or wooden posts with sequential
numbers, starting with no. 1 at start point of the pipeline. Reference markers
are marked with the letter ‘A’ or ‘B’. All markers extend approximately 500
mm above grade. The ‘A’ and ‘B’ markers are located at the same side of the
centreline marker, ‘A’ being closest to the pipeline centreline.
b) Prior to the clearing operations Contractor shall stake:
i) Markers in the centreline of the pipeline at distances of maximum 100

metres for straight line sections and maximum 10 metres for horizontal
bends, but in any case not less than at the centre of every bend.
ii) Two construction markers shall be installed at every existing marker location
or at least every 500 metres except where these have already been provided at
Points of Intersection. Construction markers and existing markers are to be
in one line, perpendicular to the pipeline route. The distance from

construction marker to pipeline centreline shall be 25 metres wherever

possible. Construction markers shall be painted red with numbers painted in
white. These shall be identical to existing marker numbers with letters A
(left-side) and B (right-side) added, (looking in direction of construction).
All construction markers shall be angle iron profiles (min. 60 x 60 mm).
Each marker shall be erected sturdily enough to perform its purpose during
the construction of the Work.
c) Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of the

construction reference markers until the permanent pipeline markers are placed.
d) Any deviation from the routing as staked by the Company and/or indicated on
the route maps shall be approved by Company prior to the clearing operations.
2.4.2.4 Below and Aboveground Services
a) Existing cables, pipelines, tunnels, falaj, etc. if indicated on the Drawings are for
information only. Company does not guarantee that the information shown on
the Drawings is either complete or correct. Contractor is entirely responsible for
detecting and locating all underground obstacles whether shown on the
Drawings or not.
b) Contractor shall take utmost care to mark all exposed obstacles to avoid any
possible damage throughout the performance of the Work and restore them to
their previous state if damage occurs.
c) Within 2 metres of any underground service, trenching or other excavation shall

be by hand only.
d) Contractor is entirely responsible for protecting all foreign services throughout

the Work. Contractor shall propose methods of temporary and, if necessary,
permanent support and backfilling for all foreign services encountered to
Company and the relevant Authority for their approval.
Contractor shall furnish all angle iron and other support material required at
crossings of underground obstacles. Contractor shall furnish and install all tiles
and tile supports to replace existing damaged ones encountered in the course of
the Work. Telephone, telegraph or electric power cables or foreign piping
encountered in the pipeline trench shall be supported prior to sandpadding and
backfilling by a Company approved method.
e) Contractor shall contact the local Electricity Authority to determine the

minimum safe clearances allowed underneath overhead power lines at each point
where these cross the Working Strip or access roads. Contractor shall then erect
goal posts at the agreed height on each side of any overhead lines which cross
the Working Strip or any access roads to it which will be used by Contractor.
f) Contractor shall liaise closely with relevant Authorities and give adequate notice
to them of trench excavation, and subsequently backfilling, in the vicinity of all
underground services to allow such Authorities to inspect and witness such
excavation and backfilling should they require to do so.
g) Contractor shall repair without delay any ‘falaj’ (gravity water transport system)
damaged during the performance of the Work and restore it to the same state as
before the damage occurred.
h) Line and cable marking posts, tiles, etc.. shall be replaced by Contractor in the
correct position.
i) Where it is necessary for Contractor to construct a temporary ROW crossing over

an existing service, Contractor shall hand-dig to expose the service and verify
cover. Contractor shall submit proposals for Company approval of all ROW

crossings. Surface flow line crossings shall be made by ramping over in

accordance with the Standard Drawing STD-2-4101.
j) Crossings of major pipelines may require special precautions against damage by

plant and vehicles. As a minimum the cover to the existing pipeline shall be
1.5m, achieved if necessary by temporary ramping. The windrow shall be
reinstated after construction unless instructed otherwise by Company.
2.4.2.5 Clearing the Working Strip
a) The Working Strip shall be cleared over its entire width, unless restricted by the
terrain or other features shown on the Drawings. Contractor shall carry out all
its operation within the limits of the Working Strip and shall not operate within
25 meters from existing pipe lines without Company approval.
b) Holes remaining, after stumps have been grubbed, shall be filled with suitable
fill material and compacted.
c) Contractor shall protect all shrines and monuments, including border stones. If
it is necessary to remove a number of these items for safekeeping, the Contractor
shall contact the responsible persons concerned and conform to their
requirements.
d) Where blasting is considered necessary, Contractor is to comply with the

Sections of the General and Special Conditions and this Specification (ref.
2.4.3.3 Blasting).
2.4.2.6 Explosives (not used for blasting as part of the Work).
In the event Contractor finds explosives in or along the Working Strip, Contractor
shall notify Company and the appropriate Authority without delay. Contractor shall
be responsible for making all necessary arrangements to have the explosives
removed by a specialist approved by the controlling Authorities.
2.4.2.7 Grading the Working Strip
a) Contractor shall grade off high points and fill low points to allow the pipe to be
bent and laid within the limits set forth herein with due regard to the minimum
radius of bends allowed and shall drill, blast, and excavate rock or other material
which cannot be graded off with ordinary grading equipment in order to provide
an adequate working space along the pipeline route. Contractor shall in general
be required to grade the whole of the Working Strip, but a narrower width may
be allowed by Company, depending on ground conditions.
b) Contractor shall perform all necessary grading at road or wadi crossings and at
any other location, required to permit the passage of construction equipment.
Contractor shall bridge over or ford through ditches, wadis and small streams so
as not to interfere with or cause pollution of the water flow and to avoid damage
to stream banks, Contractor shall be responsible for moving all personnel,
equipment and materials across or around all crossings, which may require the
construction of temporary bridges. No ditches, wadis or drains shall be filled,
bridged or otherwise obstructed without written approval of Company and/or
Authorities having effective control over such watercourses.
c) In rough or steep terrain Contractor may wish to grade access roads into the
Working strip to facilitate moving in materials, personnel and construction
equipment . Where such roads are required by Contractor he shall obtain the
necessary permission in writing from the Authorities concerned and shall furnish
Company with a copy of such permission, prior to commencing any work on
roads. Contractor shall be responsible for and make good, all damage caused by
the construction and use of such roads.

d) Contractor shall only obtain access to the Working Strip from existing road
where such roads cross the Working Strip, or via access roads constructed by
Contractor between existing roads and the Working Strip at all other locations.
Such access roads shall be agreed with Company prior to commencement of
Right-of-Way preparation, and shall be sign posted. Existing pipeline ROW`s
shall not be used for access to the Working Strip.
2.4.3 Trenching
2.4.3.1 Scope
a) This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for

trenching as required for the Work.
b) A banksman shall attend the operation of each unit of excavation equipment to

prevent personnel entering the field of work of such equipment.
2.4.3.2 Excavation
a) Contractor shall excavate the pipeline trench on the staked centreline of the
pipeline.
b) Contractor shall keep trenching operations ahead of bending and stringing

operations, but at a maximum distance of 15000 metres ahead of backfilling
operations. Company will provide insurance cover for a maximum of 15000
metres (cumulative, per spread) of open trench only. The 15000 metres of open
trench limit is set by Company`s Construction All Risk (C.A.R.) insurance
policy. Any additional length of open trench which might be approved by
Company shall be constructed at Contractor`s risk.
c) The trench shall be excavated so as to provide a minimum depth of cover as

specified below (with due consideration for sand padding).
i) The minimum depth of cover for the pipe installed in rock shall be 700 mm.
If, in the opinion of Company no blasting or rock hammering is required to
achieve this cover over a pipeline section of 200 metres or longer the
minimum cover for that section shall be the maximum possible depth of
cover between 700 and 1000 mm that can be achieved without blasting or
rock hammering.
ii) The minimum depth of cover at crossing of wadis, drainage ditches, tarmac
and graded roads, tracks and live stock crossings, whether or not indicated
on the route maps, shall be 1500 mm. This depth shall be extended 5m
outside the edge of the road, track, wadi, ditch, etc.., measured perpendicular
to its axis.
Minimum depth of cover shall be measured from the top of the pipe coating
to the top of the undisturbed surface of the soil, or top of graded Working
Strip which ever is smallest. Fill material in Working Strip shall not be
considered to add to the depth of cover. However, surface of fill material
placed to fill low points to accommodate pipe bending limitations may be
used to determine depth of cover subject to approval by Company.
d) Contractor shall excavate and grade the trench sufficiently deep and wide to
provide space for 150 mm of padding material after compaction all around the
pipe and for the continuous length of the pipeline.
e) The trench bottom and sides shall be free of all brush, skids, pipeprotectors,
rocks, large clods, sticks, projecting rocks and other hard objects which shall be

removed, so that the pipe and protective coating shall not be damaged, punctured
or abraded.
f) Where the pipeline crossed other pipelines, sewers, water lines, cables, conduits
or other underground structures of any kind, Contractor shall excavate and grade
the trench to a depth and in such a manner that the top of the pipeline will be a
minimum of 500 mm below the bottom of the underground structure crossed,
except that if a clearance of more than 500 mm is required by the Authorities
having jurisdiction, Contractor shall provide such increased clearance. The
construction over or under all existing structures such as roads, water lines,
telephone lines, and other pipelines shall be the responsibility of Contractor. In
the event that the pipeline crosses over existing structures, the same clearance as
described above shall be maintained and depth of cover as per paragraph c)
above.
g) In locations where the trench is cut across roads, tracks, paths, walkways, etc..,
Contractor shall provide temporary bridges or diversion road of adequate
strength and properly constructed to allow the passage of normal traffic with a
minimum of inconvenience and interruption and to Company approval.
Whenever it is permissible to open cut a road with an improved surface to make
a road crossing, Contractor shall remove and restore the surface in accordance
with the requirements of the Authorities having jurisdiction thereof or as
directed by Company. Where possible Contractor shall arrange to complete the
trenching, laying and backfilling of such crossings and to remove the temporary
bridging before the end of the regular work day in order to minimise hazard to
night traffic. Proper warning signals shall be placed and maintained while such
crossings are open. If the crossings are open at night Contractor shall provide
and use warning lights or lanterns, all as required by the Authorities having
jurisdiction and/or Company.
h) Contractor shall maintain the trench in good condition until the pipe is laid in
place and backfilled. Contractor shall provide and use sheet piles, struts,
walings, jacks, pumps etc., as required to maintain the trench in good condition
until the pipe is laid in place and backfilled.
i) Contractor shall do hand work in the trench as is necessary to free the bottom of
the trench of loose rock and stones, and all other irregularities so as to leave the
trench bottom in a clean and suitable condition to receive the pipe.
j) If Contractor elects to carry out a ripsurvey, then the results of this survey shall
be made available to Company. The extent of rock encountered during trenching
shall be recorded on the as-built route maps by the Contractor, whether or not a
rip survey is carried out.
2.4.3.3 Blasting
a) All activities including but not limited to storage, transportation and blasting
shall be carried out in accordance with the N.F.P.A. No. 495, BS 5607 and the
instructions of the Authorities and/or the requirements in this section, whichever
are the most stringent.
b) Areas to be blasted are to be categorised as follows:
i) Where blasting is to be carried out at, or more than, 50 metres away from any
existing pipelines or structures (either above or below ground) the Contractor
shall submit his proposed blasting procedure and perform a trial blast for
Company approval.
ii) Where blasting is to be carried out between 50 and 20 metres from any
existing pipeline or structure (either above or below ground) the Contractor
shall submit a procedure for controlled blasting, which shall also detail safety
precautions to safeguard existing pipelines or structures (e.g. break holes, slit

trenches, etc..). This procedure is to be approved by Company prior to

commencement and performing of a trial blast.
iii) No blasting is allowed within 20 metres of any existing pipeline or structure

(either above or below ground).
c) Blasting shall be carried out prior to stringing the pipes.
d) Ground vibration due to blasting within 50 m of existing structures shall be

continuously monitored with certified instruments to be provided by Contractor
and approved by Company. Peak particle velocities near existing structures (e.g.
pipelines running parallel) shall be kept to a minimum and must be approved by
the Company as part of the Contractors proposed blast procedure. In no case
shall the peak particle velocity exceed 10 mm/sec.
e) Blasting shall not be permitted in any location where possible danger exists to
the general public, property, existing utilities or other structures. In such
locations other methods of extracting rock shall be proposed by Contractor for
approval by Company.
2.4.3.4 Definition of Rock
For depth of cover purposes rock in trench is defined as the rocky part of the
specified trench which cannot be removed by ditching machines, rock plough, back
hoe or ripper, to be decided after two passes of a D9 Caterpiller tractor (or one pass
of a tandem D9) or equal, equipped with proper ripping equipment.
2.4.3.5 Sloping Trenches
Trenches having a longitudinal slope of more than 10% shall be provided with
structures or retaining barrier(s) as specified on the Drawings. No retaining barriers
are required for areas of sand dunes.
2.4.3.6 Trench Width
In the case of a single pipeline to be laid in the trench, the trench width shall
normally be outside diameter of the pipe plus 300 mm (i.e. 150 mm on each side of
the pipe) unless otherwise approved by Company. In the case of more than one
pipeline to be laid in the trench, the trench width shall normally be the sum of the
diameters of the pipes plus 300 mm plus 500 mm clearance between the outside of
adjacent pipes unless otherwise approved by Company.
2.5 Stringing and Bending
2.5.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for stringing the line
pipe along the trench side and for cold bending of pipe as required for the Work.
2.5.2 Stringing
2.5.2.1 No pipe shall be strung before the trench is excavated to full depth. Pipe shall not
be placed directly on the ground but on skids, with proper padding which are all
subject to Company approval. Dragging, skidding or dropping of the pipe is not
permitted. Wooden wedges shall be used to prevent movement of each strung pipe.
2.5.2.2 Where possible the skid elevations shall be planned such that minor differences
between grade profile and bottom of trench profile (e.g. at locations where an
increased trench depth is required) can be accommodated without requiring an

additional tie-in weld. The distance between the trench edge and the pipe string
shall be planned such that safe working space is provided.
2.5.2.3 Contractor shall be responsible for proper stringing and locating of the pipe by size,
wall thickness, specification and manufacturer. Company may supply line pipe from
different manufacturers. Contractor shall string all line pipe of one manufacturer
before commencing the stringing of line pipe of the second manufacturer, etc..
Pipes of different manufacturers shall not be mixed per line section without prior
approval of Company.
2.5.2.4 Contractor shall string the pipe in such a manner so as to cause no interference with
public roads, footpaths, tracks, etc.. Suitable gaps shall be left at intervals as
necessary to permit the passage of live stock and/or equipment across the Right-of-
Way and as directed by Company.
2.5.2.5 Contractor shall lay out and measure the pipes such that the number of pieces cut-off
less than one metre long is kept to a minimum.
2.5.2.6 The length if the welded pipe string shall be planned with due consideration of
thermal expansion and other expected or accidental movement of the pipe string.
Special attention shall be paid to strings with one or more bends, in view of the
inherent increased risk of failure of skids due to the above movements of the pipe.
Length of individual pipe strings shall generally not exceed 1 km, but any case shall
be subject to Company approval.
2.5.2.7 Pipe shall be strung with the use of a spreader bar and two guide lines. (See Section
2.3 for requirements for slings and hooks).
2.5.3 Pipe Bending
2.5.3.1 Contractor shall make all necessary bends required for the proper construction of the
pipeline, following a trigonometric survey to establish the number and degree of
bends required, to ensure that the installed pipe shall conform to the contours of the
pre-padded trench.
2.5.3.2 Contractor shall, before the start of the Work, submit and demonstrate to Company a
bending procedure, which shall conform with the recommendations of the
manufacturer of the bending machine. This procedure shall be subject to
Company`s approval. The procedure shall include amongst others step length,
degrees per pull and method and accuracy of measurement during pulling of the
bend.
2.5.3.3 Elastic bends are not allowed unless approved by Company.
2.5.3.4 The radius of cold bends shall be not less than 40 times the pipe diameter.
2.5.3.5 The cold bends shall be made by a smooth stretch bending machine. Bends with
ripples with a depth exceeding 0.5 mm, wrinkles and kinks are not acceptable.
Contractor shall provide a procedure for measuring ripples which shall be approved
by Company.
2.5.3.6 The pads, dies and rolls of the bending equipment shall have soft surfaces to avoid
damage to the pipe coating. Where applicable, fully retaining bending shoes shall
be used. Roller type bending machines are preferred. Bends in pipe of diameter 8"
or greater shall be made using an internal (hydraulic or pneumatic) mandrel.
2.5.3.7 All bends shall be tested in the presence of Company with a gauging plate of 97.5%
of the nominal internal diameter of the pipe prior to installation.

The longitudinal weld of the cold bend shall be located approximately 10° from the
pipe`s neutral axis. The position of the longitudinal weld for successive pipe joints
shall be chosen such that the longitudinal welds are staggered and always occur in
the top half of the pipe (as specified in the welding specification).
2.5.3.9 The procedure for bending shall be such that the extremities of each joint remain
straight over a minimum distance of 2 m or twice the pipe diameter, whichever is
greater. Bending shall take place before any double jointing. Contractor shall lay
out and measure the pipe for bending such that the length of off-cuts is kept to a
minimum.
2.6 Welding and NDT
2.6.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for the fabrication,
welding, and non-destructive testing of ‘on-plot’ piping and ‘off-plot’ pipelines for oil and
gas service, as required for the Work.
2.6.2 Off-Plot Pipelines
‘Off-Plot’ Pipelines are defined as all pipelines and pipe work covered by Codes ASME B31.4
and ASME B31.8 as specified on the Drawings. This includes all mainline work, block
valve stations and most parts of the pig trap stations.
The minimum requirements are contained in Specification SP-1177.
2.6.3 On-Plot Pipework
‘On-Plot’ Pipework is defined as all pipework and piperuns covered by the code ASME
B31.3 as specified on the Drawings.
The minimum requirements are contained in Specification SP-1173.
2.7 Anti-Corrosion Coating
2.7.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for the external field
coating of mainline pipeline weld joints and repair of damaged coating. Painting of station
pipework, valves, fittings etc.. is specified in Section 2.12, Station Works.
Mainline line-pipe is supplied with mill applied anti-corrosion coating unless specifically
stated to the contrary in the contract Scope of Work. The type of field joint coating that can
be applied shall be compatible with and have good adhesion to the mill applied coating:
- For Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coated line pipe the field joint coating shall be by
normal temperature shrink sleeve, high temperature shrink sleeve or by FBE field
joint coating.
- For Polyethylene (PE) coated line pipe the field joint coating shall be by normal
temperature shrink sleeve.
Contractor shall supply all equipment including spares and skilled manpower required for
pipe cleaning, application of coating, coating repair in the field, and inspection and testing of
same in accordance with this Specification.

2.7.2 Materials
2.7.2.1 Only materials supplied by prequalified manufacturers shall be used for the Work.
2.7.2.2 Contractor shall as a minimum follow manufacturers recommendations regarding

material storage, application methods, equipment, spares and tools. Contractor
shall submit for Company approval and demonstrate to Company the proposed work
methods for coating application and coating repair, two weeks prior to application of
shrink sleeves.
2.7.2.3 The materials, at time of application by Contractor, shall not be older than the shelf
life stated by the manufacturers.
2.7.2.4 The coating materials shall be properly packed and clearly marked with :
- The manufacturer`s name

- Material qualification and identification
- Batch number
- Date of manufacture
- Test certificates and test data
- Storage temperatures.
2.7.2.5 Coating materials shall be kept dry and stored as long as possible in the
manufacturers original packaging, not exposed to direct sunlight, and in accordance
with manufacturer`s instructions.
2.7.2.6 The list of Company approved wrap-around shrink sleeves is given in the Schedules.
2.7.3 Surface Preparation
2.7.3.1 Prior to coating, the field joint area shall be blast cleaned. Surface preparation,
including blast cleaning, shall be carried out in accordance with ERD-48-06 and
this specification.
2.7.3.2 Any weld spatter or sharp edges of the mill coating shall be removed by filing or
light grinding prior to blast cleaning. If the mill coating is disbonded along the
edges, or if there is evidence of corrosion under the coating, the coating shall be cut-
back until sound coating has been obtained. Polyethylene coating shall be
chamfered by torch and knife and F.B.E. coating shall be feathered over a distance
of 10-15 mm during grit blasting.
2.7.3.3 Abrasives for blast cleaning shall be certified as being in accordance with the
relevant parts of ISO 11124 or ISO 11126. Certificates shall be maintained by the
Contractor. The blasting nozzle shall be fitted with a ‘dead man`s’ handle so that
the equipment will not operate unless the handle is held.
2.7.3.4 The blast surface visual appearance shall conform to ISO 8501, grade Sa 2 1/2. Any
field joint not coated within 4 hours after grit blasting shall be reblasted prior to the
application of the coating.
2.7.3.5 The surface profile attained by the grit blasting shall conform to ISO 8503-2 and
shall be 40-75 microns peak to trough or as specified by field joint coating
manufacturer.
2.7.3.5 The surface cleanliness shall conform to ISO 8502-1 to 4 and shall be such that the
2
chloride contamination is less than 20 mg/m .
2.7.3.6 Coating of the field joint shall not take place until the weld has been non-
destructively tested and approved by Company.

2.7.4 Shrink Sleeve Application
2.7.4.1 Contractor shall propose the application procedure for Company approval. The
application procedure shall be at least in accordance with manufacturer`s
instructions and the minimum requirements specified below, whichever are the most
stringent, and shall be demonstrated to Company prior to field application.
2.7.4.2 The joint shall be heated to a temperature required by the procedure. Induction
heaters, ring burners or propane torches of a suitable type may be used for pipe
diameters smaller than 16". Induction heaters shall be used for pipe diameters of
16" and larger where the pre-heat temperature exceeds 100° C. In all other cased
burners or torches may be used. Torches may be used for tie-in welds at Company`s
discretion. To check that the required preheat temperatures have been achieved, a
digital contact thermometer shall be used.
2.7.4.3 The sleeve shall be wrapped entirely around the joint. The closure patch shall be
positioned off to one side of the pipe. There shall be a minimum overlap onto the
factory coating of 50 mm.
2.7.4.4 The procedure for shrinking the sleeve shall ensure that all entrapped air is forced
out at either end using gloved hands and hand rollers. Special attention must be
given to the closure patch and overlapping areas.
2.7.4.5 The installed sleeve shall be left undisturbed for 4 hours or until the adhesive has
been solidified, whichever is the longer.
2.7.4.6 The sleeves shall be visually inspected for the following points :
a) Adhesive extruded from the ends of the sleeve indicates proper application. The
ends of the sleeve shall be firmly bonded to the surface of the coated pipe.
b) There shall be no sign of punctures or pinholes. The external appearance of the

sleeves shall be smooth and without dimples.
2.7.5 F.B.E. Application
2.7.5.1 The mill applied epoxy coating of the linepipe shall be applied in accordance with
DEP 31.40.30.32. The epoxy material for the field joints shall be compatible with
the linepipe coating and shall conform to the material requirements of DEP
31.40.30.32.
2.7.5.2 Contractor shall propose the application procedure for Company approval. The
application procedure shall be at least in accordance with manufacturer`s
instructions and the minimum requirements specified below, whichever are the most
stringent, and shall be demonstrated to Company prior to field application by means
of a procedure qualification test joint. Contractor shall also submit test data to
demonstrate that the applied coating satisfies the requirements DEP 31.40.30.32,
with respect to:
- impact resistance
- hardness
- hot water resistance
- cathodic disbondment.
In the event that Contractor cannot demonstrate that the coating satisfies these
requirements, in Company`s opinion, then Contractor shall perform field tests
followed by full laboratory testing of the coating in accordance with DEP
31.40.30.32. A Manufacturer’s representative shall be present on site full time
during field applied epoxy coating work.

2.7.5.3 The resin powder shall be stored in waterproof containers which are insulated and
cooled by refrigeration or air conditioning to a temperature not exceeding 27°C.
Temperature recorders shall be used to monitor the storage temperature inside each
container. During the daily powder coating operations, the powder in the fluid bed
can be kept at ambient temperatures up to 85°C, but must be returned to the normal
storage temperature below 27°C at the en of the day. For any powder that has
temporarily experienced temperature in excess of 27°C, gel time tests must be
carried out on each box of powder before use.
2.7.5.4 The area of the pipe to be coated shall be preheated by induction heating coil to a
maximum temperature of approximately 250°C, the actual temperature range being
in accordance with the powder manufacturers recommendations. If the ambient
temperature falls, it may be necessary to increase the preheating temperature slightly
to provide adequate curing energy. Powder application shall start as soon as the
metal temperature is within the qualified temperature range, such that the metal
temperature does not drop below the specified lower temperature limit during
coating application. Metal temperatures shall be checked by means of digital
contact thermometers.
2.7.5.5 For pipeline sizes equal to or greater than 12" Contractor shall use automatic
coating machines, capable of applying the powder at a uniform rate over the entire
width of the area to be coated. For smaller pipeline sizes Company may accept
powder application by a hand held device used by a skilled operator, using a
technique which achieves an even coating thickness.
2.7.5.6 The applied coating shall have a minimum dry film thickness of 400 microns, and a
maximum thickness of 800 microns. Dirt or deleterious materials shall not
contaminate the powder coated area during the application and curing stages. In the
event of contamination the coating shall be rejected, stripped and recoated to the
original procedure. The cured coating shall be free of blisters, pinholes, scratches or
any other irregularities and shall be of uniform gloss and thickness.
2.7.5.7 All operators shall wear Company approved safety equipment to prevent inhalation
of powder dust and contact with eyes. Smoking shall not be allowed in the vicinity
of the coating operation.
2.7.5.8 The powder container, hoses, etc.. on the application unit shall be cleaned after each
day`s work.
2.7.6 Coating Repairs
2.7.6.1 Coating repairs shall be executed on all coating damage and imperfections detected
visually or by holiday testing.
2.7.6.2 The coating repair procedure and the required materials for this, including the
installation of repair sleeves when applicable, shall be in accordance with a
procedure submitted by Contractor and approved by Company.
2.7.6.3 The repair procedure for mill applied polethylene coatings shall be selected based on
the criterion of magnitude of the damaged area, i.e.:
a) for pinholes and damages with a diameter or width of 10 mm maximum a

thermoplastic repair stick or P.E. powder shall be used.
b) for damages from 10 mm width to 100 mm diameter a patch of thermoplastic

heat shrink materials shall be used.
c) for damages with a greater diameter than 100 mm a thermoplastic wrap-around

shrink sleeve shall be used.

d) minor flaws of polyethylene coating may be smoothed down using a torch and a
hot iron.
Polyethylene coating repair materials shall as a minimum be in accordance with

DEP 31.40.30.31.
2.7.6.4 The repair procedure for both mill and field applied fusion bonded epoxy powder
coatings shall be selected based on the criterion of magnitude of the damaged area,
i.e.
a) Holidays or minor coatings damages upto 100 mm in diameter or width, and

scratches over 100 mm in length shall be repaired by a two pack liquid epoxy,
compatible with the original FBE. coating, and manufactured by a Company
approved manufacturer. A rapid curing two pack is preferred to enable repairs
prior to lowering the pipe in the trench. All contamination shall be removed
from the surface by cleaning with solvent or water detergent and using a
combination of wire brushes and scrapers. The surface shall then be abraded
using coarse emery paper or a flexible grinding disc, ensuring that the coating
surrounding the defect is also abraded but not removed. The mixing instructions
supplied with the two pack epoxy by the manufacturer must be strictly adhered
to. Application is carried out using a clean palette knife or filling knife, to a
nominal thickness of 500 microns dry film thickness.
b) Damages, other than scratches, with a diameter or width greater than 100 mm,
are above the maximum limit for liquid epoxy repair and shall be repaired by
using either `high temperature` shrink sleeves or the FBE coating method for
field joints, to the original specification. The damaged coating shall be removed
around the entire circumference by grit blasting.
2.7.7 Testing, Inspection and Acceptance
2.7.7.1 The testing an inspection for acceptance of the coating system shall be carried out
and recorded by Contractor as instructed and witnessed by Company`s
representative. The frequency of testing as specified herein may be altered by
Company at Company`s sole discretion.
2.7.7.2 The cleanliness of the blast cleaned surfaces for every field joint shall be inspected
and shall be in accordance with ISO 8501, grade Sa 2 1/2. After the surface has
been blast cleaned and dusted off a strip of transparent sellotape shall be applied to
the surface, and subsequently removed and examined for particle contamination.
This shall be done on the first joint cleaned each day, plus two more times during
the day and when a new batch of grit is used. If in the opinion of Company the test
has failed, Contractor shall undertake to perform additional cleaning to the specified
standard.
2.7.7.3 The profile of the blast cleaned surfaces shall be tested by means of Tested tape (type
X-course) replicas, produced at least twice a day and additionally the first few joints
and at each change or replenishment of grit. Before applying the coating the surface
shall be free of rust or residual grit. The surface profile shall be free of rust or
residual grit. The surface profile shall be evaluated from the replicas in accordance
with manufacturer`s instructions, using a recently calibrated micrometer. As an
alternative to the above Company may allow the surface profile to be tested on site
by a suitable profile gauge in accordance with ERD-48-06.
2.7.7.4 Additionally, general checks at random shall be carried out such as monitoring of
particle size of copper slag, grit/shot used for blast cleaning, cleanliness of materials
used for blast cleaning and coating, and temperature control of the pipe surface.
2.7.7.5 Contractor shall supply all equipment required for inspection and testing including
dry film thickness gauges and holiday detectors. All equipment shall be approved by
Company prior to use.

2.7.7.6 Shrink Sleeves Testing
a) All shrink sleeves shall be visually inspected in accordance with Section 2.7.4
above.
b) Destructive testing on shrink sleeves shall be executed as follows:
- Sleeves for testing will be chosen by Company.
- From each test sleeve one or more strips 2.5 cm wide and 20 cm long shall
be cut perpendicular to the pipe axis and slowly peeled off, using an
approved peel strength gauge.
- The temperature of sleeve and pipe during such a peel test shall be as close
to 50°C as possible, i.e. the time of day of the testing shall be taken into
account.
- The required peel strength for the above strip shall be 5 kg minimum and
in accordance with the manufacturer`s temperature/strength correlation
data. Repair shall be carried out as per Section 2. 7.6.
c) Following the peel test Company may request Contractor to remove the entire
sleeve to check the overall degree of adhesion and absence of bare metal voids
achieved. After removal of the shrink sleeve the bulk of the adhesive layer
which remains on the pipe surface shall be essentially free from voids, although
a certain amount of voids may be allowed at the discretion of Company, upto a
maximum of 6 mm x 6 mm. Voids exposing bare metal shall not be acceptable
and shall be reason to fail the shrink sleeve application. In the event that the test
fails it shall be repeated on the two sleeves adjacent to the tested sleeve. Tests
shall continue until the sleeves which are inspected are acceptable.
d) Company shall have the right to test one out of every hundred shrink sleeves
applied or one sleeve out of every days production if less than one hundred
sleeves are applied in any day.
2.7.7.7 Fusion Bonded Epoxy Testing
a) Every day at least one representative epoxy coated field joint shall be subjected to
an adhesion test. With a Stanley knife, two cuts shall be made through the
coating to the substrate to form a vee with an intersection at about 30 degrees.
Starting at the point of the vee, Contractor shall attempt to force the coating
from the substrate with the Stanley knife. Peel off exposing bare metal
constitutes as failure. This test shall be carried out on the same day that the
coating is applied. In the event of failure the joint on either side shall also be
tested. The test area of the joints passed, shall be repaired with the liquid epoxy
system as per 2.7.6. Failed joints and other joints rejected on the basis of the test
results shall be stripped and recoated to the original specification.
b) Every day at least one representative epoxy coated field joint shall be subjected to
a cure test. This is done by rubbing a smooth coated area, free from overspray
and surface powder contamination, with a suitable solvent and judge the amount
of colouration as compared with a previously carried out test on a laboratory
prepared and cured panel. No softening of the coating shall be noticeable by
comparing the rubbed area with the adjacent non rubbed area of the joint. This
can be checked by pushing a finger nail in the rubbed area and the adjacent
untreated area and judge the difference between the two impressions. The solvent
shall be either MEK (Method Ethyl Ketone), MIBK (Methyl Iso Butyl Ketone),
or other (ref ERD 48-06) dependent on the powder manufacturer`s
recommendation and the outcome of the laboratory test. Contractor shall
provide a fully cured laboratory prepared sample. During the test the coated
substrate must be cooled down to ambient temperature. The test shall be carried
out on the same day that the coating is applied. In the event of failure the joints

on either side shall also be subjected to a cure test. Failed joints and other joints
rejected, on the basis of the test results shall be stripped and recoated to the
original specification.
c) The gel time of fusion bonded epoxy powders shall be tested daily, by spreading
a sample of approximately 0.5 gram unground or powdered epoxy resin onto a
hot plate (at controlled and stable temperature) and measuring the time lapse
between the start of melting and the formation of a gelled product, all in
accordance with a Company approved procedure. At a temperature of 204°C the
epoxy powder shall exhibit a gel time within the range of 25 to 50 seconds.
d) The dry film thickness of epoxy coatings shall be measured at each joint or
application by means of a Company approved type of coating thickness gauge,
which shall be calibrated at regular intervals (at least daily).
2.7.7.8 Holiday detection of 100% of the surface area of all coated mainline pipe shall be
carried out immediately prior to lowering in the ditch. The holiday detection
equipment which shall be Company approved shall be set at 2000 Volts DC for
Fusion Bonded epoxy and 22000 Volts DC for PE coated pipes based on 5V per
micron of coating thickness. However, the voltage setting for holiday detection may
be lowered slightly at Company discretion if coating damage results. The electrode
shall be conductive rubber or be a spiral metal ring. A brush type electrode shall not
be used. The voltage applied by the holiday detection equipment shall be measured
by means of a voltage read out. Alternatively a means of calibration of the applied
voltage of holiday detection equipment shall be provided to enable daily calibration
of each piece of equipment to be carried out. All holidays, imperfections and
damaged areas shall be identified with a waterproof marker at sufficient distance
from the defect to allow surface preparation and patching to take place without
detriment to the adhesion of the coating.
2.7.7.9 Company will carry out a ‘Pearson Survey’ to check the buried coating. If coating
defects are found on any portion of the coating, Contractor shall excavate, repair
and backfill at Contractor`s expense.
2.8 Lowering-In, Backfilling and Reinstatement
2.8.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for padding, lowering the
pipe and backfilling, compacting and stabilising the trench as required for the Work.
2.8.2 Pre-Padding
2.8.2.1 All trenches shall be padded before lowering in. No padding shall be placed until
Company has inspected and approved the trench bottom.
2.8.2.2 To ensure fine, clean sand padding material Contractor shall use mobile screening
plants that enable a continuous direct application of sand from the plant to the
trench. Type to be approved by Company (sieve size shall be 5 x 5 mm). Mobile
screening plants are defined as screening plants which move along the trench whilst
they are in operation. In those areas where they cannot be used due to access
problems, after approval of Company pre-screened material may be used.
2.8.2.3 The soft sand shall be free of rock, metal parts, roots, clods, etc.. and without sharp
edges. Base materials from which sand padding will be produced shall themselves
consist mainly of sand and shall be obtained from sources to be approved by
Company. Sand from the working strip may not always be available or acceptable in
which case it shall be Contractor`s responsibility to obtain suitable padding material.

Near residential areas and roads, padding material shall be dust free (e.g. washed
sand) in order to avoid inconvenience or danger to the public.
2.8.2.4 The bottom of the trench shall be padded with sand throughout its length, whether
in normal ground or rock, so as to provide a minimum compacted padding thickness
of 150 mm below the invert of the pipe. Contractor shall keep the pre-padding
operation within 1 km of the lowering-in operation.
2.8.2.5 Sand padding shall be placed around and above the pipe, so as to fill the trench to a
depth of 300 mm above the crown of the pipe, with the sand padding shaped to its
natural angle of repose and with a minimum of 150 mm at any point around the
pipe. No pipe shall be left overnight in the trench without sand padding around and
above the pipe.
2.8.2.6 Where the trench has been excavated through or along drive-ways, walks, roads,
etc.., and at live stock passage ways and other locations indicated on the drawings,
the sand padding shall be thoroughly compacted by watering and Company
approved handtools, to achieve a compacted sand fill around the pipe and up to 300
mm above the crown of the pipe.
2.8.3 Lowering-in and Post-Padding
2.8.3.1 All pipe shall be lowered-in within 96 hours of completion of front-end welding.
2.8.3.2 Immediately before the lowering-in operation commences, the coating shall be
holiday detected and if necessary repaired to the satisfaction of Company, as
specified in Section 2.7.
2.8.3.3 Wide non-abrasive slings or belts shall be used in al lowering-in operations and care
shall be taken when removing slings from around the coated pipe after it has been
lowered into the trench. Any damage caused to the pipe and coating during
lowering operations shall be repaired before backfill commences. Lowering-in
using standard pipe cradles may be permitted if Contractor demonstrates that pipe
coating is not damaged.
2.8.3.4 The trench shall be maintained in a dry condition during lowering-in and backfill
operations.
2.8.3.5 Immediately following lowering-in, short lengths of sand pad material shall be
removed from under all shrink sleeves to prevent any mechanical damage to the
sleeves due to temperature movement of the pipe in the trench. The removal of the
padding is to prevent stresses on the sleeves before padding and backfilling are
carried out.
2.8.3.6 Contractor shall take measures to restrain the pipe in the trench by means of
‘plugging’, i.e. placing sand on top and around the pipe at regular intervals (one 2m
‘plug’ on every welded joint) or Company approved equivalent method. Contractor
shall plan the work such that the lowering in and ‘plugging’ operations take place
during the hottest part of the day. Company may, at its sole discretion, wave the
requirement for ‘plugging’ and allow the post-padding operation to be executed as
one continuous operation, dependant on completion time and ambient temperature
considerations.
2.8.4 Tie-ins
Unless otherwise agreed by Company, tie-ins shall take place in the trench. For tie-ins
outside the trench, holding and lowering operations shall be undertaken in such a manner as
to minimise stresses in the pipe and therefore avoid movement of the pipe from the skids, for

safety reasons. Due consideration shall be given to ambient temperature changes throughout
the day and the resultant pipe length changes/stresses.
2.8.5 Backfilling
2.8.5.1 The trench shall not be backfilled until Company has approved the sand padding
around and above the pipe and has approved starting the backfilling operation.
Backfilling shall be performed as soon as possible after padding has been approved.
2.8.5.2 In areas containing buried cables, backfilling shall not be performed until all tiles
have been replaced and protected and/or all cables have been supported to Company
satisfaction. The backfill around all underground services shall be thoroughly
compacted by hand.
2.8.5.3 The material used for initial backfill shall be reject material from the screening
plant or other loose material not greater than 100 mm in diameter, all subject to
Company approval. The fill material shall be placed in such a manner as to avoid
disturbing the sand padding and excessive penetration (more than 150 mm) of rocks
into the sand layer. Contractor shall demonstrate that his proposed method of
backfilling achieves this requirement. The initial backfill shall be placed in the
trench to a level slightly above surrounding ground.
2.8.5.4 After the initial backfill the remaining material excavated shall be neatly crowned
over the trench (the windrow),except in wadi areas. Where rock is excessively large,
in Company`s opinion, this shall be removed from site and not used as windrow
material. On either side of road crossings the windrow shall be tapered from full
height to ground level to improve the visability of drivers on the ROW.
2.8.5.5 Trenches crossing ditches shall be backfilled with the material excavated from the
trench at the location. If the excavated material, in Company`s opinion is not
suitable for backfilling, Contractor shall provide and use suitable material from
another source. Ditches with lined or otherwise improved surfaces shall be
resurfaced in a manner satisfactory to and approved by Company and the
responsible authorities. Backfill in or on the banks of ditches, wadis, etc.. shall be
compacted as necessary to prevent soil erosion or other damage which might be
caused by the construction of the pipeline.
2.8.5.6 Where the trench has been excavated through or along drive-ways, walks, roads,
etc.., and at live stock passage ways and other locations indicated on the drawings
the initial backfill shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical tamping the
material into place. The surface of such areas shall be stabilised and/or restored to
its original condition to the satisfaction of Company and the responsible authorities.
Where wadis or roads are graded, trenched or otherwise disturbed, Contractor shall
restore the property to its original contour and condition even to the extent of
hauling in and placing new fill materials, gravel and stabilising materials or
compounds, or by using special compaction methods, as necessary to obtain the
approval of Company and the responsible authorities.
2.8.5.7 ‘Sloping trenches’ (see Section 2.4.3.5) shall be backfilled as shown on Standard
Drawing GEN-2-1636-01.
2.8.6 Stabilising Sand Areas
To ensure the retention of sand cover in active sand areas (i.e. where the windrow consists of
sand only), the backfill shall be stabilised, preferably with a 150 mm layer of marl or other
stable material. If such material is not readily available, weathered crude oil shall be used.
The width of stabilisation shall be 3 metres on each side of the pipeline (plus 0.6 metres for
every 3 metres of dune height if the line passes through a sand dune). Stabilisation with dead

oil shall be done by spraying to saturate the outer surface. Open tank weathered sweet crude
shall be used. The crude shall penetrate a minimum of 125 mm depth which requires
approximately for litres per square metre. Company will supply crude for stabilisation free of
charge. All equipment/personnel for transport and spraying to be provided by Contractor.
2.8.7 Livestock Passageways
Unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings, livestock passageways shall be installed at

intervals of approximately 2 km and may be combined with graded road and track crossings.
The livestock passageways shall be constructed with a minimum of 1.5 m cover over the
pipeline. The width of the crossing shall be 2.5 m and the total length shall be 6.0 m.
Compaction of the livestock passageways shall be such that the passing of light vehicles will
not have any detrimental effect on the passageway.
2.8.8 Reinstatement
2.8.8.1 Contractor shall clean-up the Working Strip and all working areas used by
Contractor regularly during the course of the Work, and shall restore the lands
traversed, to the satisfaction of Company. Areas of soft sand in the continuous 6 m
wide vehicle access strip shall be removed and replaced by approved infill material
so as to leave the vehicle access strip in a safe condition for driving. The vehicle
access strip shall be deviated at road crossings in order to give a visual indication to
drivers of the presence of the road.
2.8.8.2 The excess soil in the working strip shall be levelled in a manner satisfactory to
Company. All loose rock exposed by the construction operations which is scattered
over the working strip or adjacent property shall be removed and placed over the
backfilled pipe trench.
2.8.8.3 All creeks, water courses, wells, syphons, drains, streams, wadis, ditches and
irrigation channels shall be reinstated by Contractor to their former condition and
their banks shall, if deemed necessary by Company, be pitched with stone and/or
faced with special protection to prevent washing out or erosion.
2.8.8.4 All enclosures, walls, gates, etc.. shall be restored by Contractor to at least as good a
condition as they were prior to the commencement of the Contractor`s operations to
approval of Company.
2.8.8.5 All private roads, bridges and other private structures used by Contractor for access
or haulage shall be restored by Contractor to a condition equal to or better than that
which existed prior to the commencement of the Contractor`s operations.
2.8.8.6 Construction roads, used at escarpments, may be required by Company to be left as

they are.
2.8.8.7 Construction markers shall not be removed, unless requested by Company.
2.8.8.8 All rubbish/debris left over after removal of camp facilities shall be removed to
designated scrap dumps. The sites shall be levelled and cleared in accordance with
the Regulations for Pipeline Contractor Camps in the Interior and to Company`s
satisfaction.
2.9 Road and Wadi Crossings
2.9.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for road and wadi
crossings as required for the Work.

2.9.2 Road Crossings
2.9.2.1 The pipeline shall cross all roads and highways, without the installation of casings.
All road crossings shall be made by the open cut method. No boring, culverts or
tunnels are required.
2.9.2.2 The construction of road crossings shall meet the requirements of API RP 1102
latest issue and shall be installed as shown on the Drawings. The crossings shall be
installed to meet at all times the requirements and conditions set forth by the
Authorities having jurisdiction.
2.9.2.3 Contractor shall install an off-set diversion road, when specifically permitted or
required to so do so by Company and/or responsible Authorities and provide
adequate maintenance to ensure the safe passage of vehicles. The diversion shall
not cross the pipeline where it has already been installed.
2.9.2.4 The line pipe used in certain major road crossings, as may be shown on the
Drawings, shall have been hydrostatically tested prior to installation in accordance
with Section 2.15 - Hydrostatic Testing, for 4 hours minimum.
2.9.2.5 Contractor shall at all times and at every unfinished road crossing furnish adequate
and proper traffic aids, such as warning signs, and other safeguards to the
satisfaction of Company and the Authorities to ensure the safety of the public. All
warning signs shall be in both the Arabic and English language.
2.9.2.6 Contractor shall comply with the following minimum requirements of the
Directorate General of Roads for main road crossings:
a) Contractor shall submit details of all proposed diversions, methods of crossings,

reinstatement and standards of construction to the Directorate General of Roads
for approval before commencing work on site.
b) Reinstatement of roads must be to the same standard as existing. Diversion

roads must be constructed with compacted non-plastic materials, which must not
degenerate into dust during use.
c) Approvals must be obtained from all Utility Authorities and the Ministry of
Land Affairs and Municipalities prior to seeking permission from the Directorate
General of Roads.
d) Final approval of any proposed road works must be obtained from the Royal
Oman Police.
e) Contractor shall be required to give to the Directorate General of Roads a Bank

Guarantee. This requirement applies to each individual crossing point.
2.9.3 Wadi-Crossings
2.9.3.1 ‘Wadi’ shall mean dry river bed which could be temporarily filled with water
following rain. The wadis will be identified on the Route Maps as Wadi type ‘A’,
Wadi type ‘B’, or Wadi type ‘C’.
a) Wadi crossings with line pipe without concrete protection (Type ‘A’) shall be
installed with a minimum cover of 1500 mm at minor wadis where low velocity
flow is expected after heavy rains.
b) Wadi crossings with line pipe with continuous concrete protection (Type ‘B’)
shall be installed with a minimum cover of 1500 mm at wadis where erosion due
to high velocity flow is expected after heavy rains.

c) Wadi crossings with continuous concrete protection and which are additionally
protected with gabions placed at the surface (Type ‘C’) shall be installed at wadis
where heavy erosion due to high velocity flow is expected after heavy rains
combined with the existence of large stones and boulders.
2.9.3.2 Wadi crossings shall be installed to meet at all times the requirements and
conditions issued by the Authorities having jurisdiction in the area.
2.9.3.3 All concrete coated pipes shall be electrically tested on site prior to installation in
order to demonstrate that there is no contact between the reinforcing steel and the
pipe steel. The concrete shall be applied in accordance with Section 2.10, following.
2.9.3.4 At locations where concrete protection has been applied, the trench shall be
backfilled with coarse gravel and rock with a minimum dimension of 50 mm up to a
level 500 mm below grade level.
2.9.3.5 For type `C` wadi-crossing, gabions consisting of packages of boulders with
dimensions between 100 and 200 mm contained in galvanised, coated steel wire
mesh, shall be placed on top, up to grade level over the full width of the trench. The
type of wire mesh shall be approved by Company prior to use.
2.9.3.6 Normally the windrow shall not be installed over the pipeline through the wadi
section. However for wide wadi crossings, greater than 100m, the windrow shall be
installed intermittently in order to mark the location of the pipeline (Windrow
lengths shall be approximately 25m at 75m intervals).
2.10 Concrete Coating for Wadi Crossings
2.10.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for concrete coating of
the pipeline at Wadi crossings type `B` and ~C~, as required for the Work.
2.10.2 General
2.10.2.1 Contractor shall be responsible for the supply and installation of all concrete
coatings, including all associated handling and transport of linepipe etc..
Contractor shall furnish all materials, equipment, labour, supervision, worksite and
services incidental to and necessary for the application of concrete in accordance
with this specification and all subject to Company approval.
2.10.2.2 The concrete shall have a minimum density of 2200 kg/m 3. The minimum thickness
shall depend on the pipe outside diameter as specified below:
Up to 6.625" : 40 mm
6.625" to 12.75" : 50 mm
over 12.75" : 60 mm
The concrete shall be Grade 30 to BS 8110 with a characteristic crushing strength of

21 N/mm2 at 7 days and 30 N/mm 2 at 28 days.
2.10.2.3 The mill identity of each pipe length shall be preserved and records kept during and
after the coating process.
2.10.2.4 The concrete coating of line pipe shall be applied either in an approved coating
plant or in the field, at Contractor`s option. Field application shall be by the dry
mix gunite technique or Company approved equivalent. The plant application

procedure and the coating plant shall be Company approved and shall be in
accordance with Specification PCS-03. The remainder for this Section therefore
applies only to the field application method.
2.10.2.5 Reference is made to Company Specification ERD 19-07.
2.10.3 Concrete Materials
2.10.3.1 The cement shall be sulphate-resistant Portland cement conforming to BS 4027.

Cement which is held in stock for longer than three months, or any cement which
shows signs of deterioration, partial setting or other defects or which fails when
tested, shall be rejected.
2.10.3.2 Aggregates shall be naturally occurring washed sand and shall be hard, dense,
durable, clean, sharp and graded evenly from fine to coarse as per the grading limits
specified below, and be in compliance with BS 882. If in the opinion of Company
the aggregate contains an undesirable proportion of chemicals, dust, clay, organic
matter or other undesirable constituents, the consignment shall be rejected. The
grading of aggregate when plotted against sieve size shall be within the limits
tabulated below:
BS 410 Sieve Size Percent by Weight
passing a 3/8 inch 100

passing a no. 4 95 - 100
passing a no. 100 2-8
Stockpiles of aggregates shall be covered by tarpaulins.
2.10.3.3 Water for use in concrete shall be clean and free from all substances which may be
injurious to concrete or steel. It shall satisfy the requirements of BS 3148 and
contain no staining colouring.
2.10.3.4 Reinforcement of concrete coating shall be by one layer of electrically welded

galvanised steel mesh fabric reinforcement to BS 4483. Minimum mesh dimensions
shall be 25 x 25 mm x 2 mm wire diameter. The minimum overlap between two
consecutive rolls of mesh shall be 50 mm except at field joints where no overlap is
required. The reinforcement shall be placed at the centre of the concrete coating
layer by using P.V.C. spacer blocks or a Company approved equivalent. The
reinforcement shall be clean, free from scale, mud, grease, hardened rebound or
anything likely to destroy adhesion or promote corrosion.
2.10.4 Application
2.10.4.1 Prior to concrete coating Contractor shall apply a protective layer or ‘barrier coat’ to
epoxy coated pipe. The type of barrier coat to be used shall be a two component
fibre reinforced cementitious coating such as FBE Brushcrete, Fosroc H.I.M.
Epoxytar, Rezex water based epoxy coating ES2 or equivalent. Contractor shall
demonstrate to the satisfaction of Company that the proposed barrier coat prevents
the occurrence of holidays in the epoxy coating due to the concrete application
process, and promotes a good bond between the epoxy and concrete coating.
To this end one or more sections of a test joint shall each be coated with a proposed
barrier coat, in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. The number of
applications, film thickness and curing time shall be representative for the

application in the production process. The test joint shall be concrete coated,
whereupon the concrete is immediately washed off and each test section subjected to
a holiday test and an adhesion test both in accordance with Section 2. 7 Anti-
Corrosion Coatings.
2.10.4.2 Batching, proportioning and mixing of the materials shall be such that a concrete
coating is provided with the minimum specified strength and density. No batch of
cement and aggregate shall be used in the work if it has stood for more than one
hour after mixing. No rebound material shall be mixed into any batch.
2.10.4.3 Contractor shall pay attention to the moisture content of the sand used for guniting .
If the sand is too wet the hose will block and a mortar layer will build up inside the
gun. If the sand is too dry the cement will not adhere to the sand grains on mixing
and excessive separation will occur in the hose. In case the moisture content falls
outside the critical range of 5 to 8% Contractor shall make the sand suitably damp
either by spraying the dry sand with water or mixing wet sand with specially
supplied dry sand.
2.10.4.4 The mixing equipment shall be capable of providing a uniform mix. The dry mix
used for guniting shall be screened to prevent inclusion of stone, flakes from the
mixer drum, pieces of cement bag, etc.. Mix temperature shall not exceed 32°C.
2.10.4.5 Concrete shall not be placed until:
(i) The line pipe corrosion coating has been holiday detected and approved by
Company.
(ii) The barrier coat (if required) has been applied and cured.
(iii) Reinforcement has been adequately secured in the correct position with use of
spacer blocks, to prevent displacement during concrete application.
(iv) Shading has been installed to prevent the line pipe temperature exceeding
35°C.
2.10.4.6 Since the technique of guniting relies significantly on the skill of the nozzleman, he
shall have at least 3 years experience in work of a similar nature. Other operators of
the guniting crew shall have a minimum of one year`s experience. Written evidence
of such experience shall be furnished to Company. Contractor shall have a
minimum of five years experience in guniting or alternatively shall subcontract the
guniting or alternatively shall subcontract the guniting work to a specialist
subContractor with similar minimum experience level. The guniting crew shall
demonstrate their ability to consistently coat pipe to this specification by guniting at
least three separate quarter length pipe samples prior to start of production.
2.10.4.7 Before directing the guniting nozzle onto the pipe surface the nozzleman shall
ensure that the proportioning of water and dry mix is correct. Further regulating of
the water supply should be kept to a minimum to ensure uniform concrete quality.
The nozzle shall be held in the optimum position for placement at all times i.e. 0.6
to 1.2 m from and at right angles to, the surface of the pipe.
2.10.4.8 The outer surface of the concrete coating shall be smooth, without corrugations and
concentric with the steel pipe. Both ends of each joint for a distance of approx. 0.30
m from the end of each joint shall be completely free of concrete to facilitate field
joints. The concrete shall taper back from these points at a two-to-one slope until
the required thickness of coating is reached.

2.10.5 Curing
2.10.5.1 The finished concrete coating shall be completely protected from wind, draught,
rain, spray, etc.. for a minimum period of 7 days by wrapping with suitable hessian
or polyethylene sheeting. Also for this period the pipe shall not be exposed to direct
sunlight an/or temperature below freezing point. After a period of 8 hours from
placement and for the 7 days curing period the concrete surface shall be kept wet.
2.10.5.2 The concrete coated pipe shall not be lifted or transported from the curing area
during the 7 day curing period. The Contractor shall take precautions to prevent
detrimental movement of line pipe after concrete coating to minimise handling
stresses whilst concrete is hardening and curing.
2.10.6 Inspection and Testing
2.10.6.1 Every length of coated pipe shall be inspected visually and by spiral ring holiday
detector and repaired, in accordance with Section 2.7, Anti-Corrosion Coatings,
prior to concrete application.
2.10.6.2 The concrete shall be visually inspected immediately after the application and after
approximately 3 days. If faulty concrete is indicated Contractor shall remove cores
from the suspected pipe. If the compressive strength tests of the cores fail to meet
the specified strengths, Contractor shall remove the defective coatings by Company
approved method, inspect and where necessary repair the corrosion coating or
reapply the concrete coating. Contractor may elect not to await the test results and
immediately initiate the stripping and subsequent coating repair work.
2.10.6.3 Test panels, made form mild steel, shall be made every day, one at the start of work,
and one during the day as instructed by Company. These test panels shall be
positioned alongside the work and in a position similar to the work (horizontal,
vertical or overhead) and gunited. On a regular basis, to be decided by Company
cores shall be taken from each test panel after it has cured in a similar manner as
the coated pipe.
2.10.6.4 Core samples shall be obtained using a diamond core cutter set to ensure that the cut
is perpendicular to the surface and fitted with a positive depth of cut limit to ensure
that the core barrel shall not penetrate closer than 6 mm to the corrosion coat of the
line pipe, where applicable.
The minimum diameter of the core shall be at least three times the nominal
maximum aggregate six. The length to diameter ratio of the core when trimmed for
testing shall not be less than one-to-one. Sampling, storing, testing and calculation
shall be in accordance with the provisions of BS 1881. Cores shall be cut four days
after concreting and stored in a curing tank until tested.
Samples shall be tested as specified in BS 1881. The compressive strength of each

specimen shall be calculated using the computed cross-sectional area based on the
average diameter of the specimen. For acceptance each core shall have the
minimum density and compressive strength as specified in Section 2.10.2.3.
2.10.6.5 The thickness of applied concrete coating shall be measured on every joint to check
compliance with the minimum requirements as per Section 2.10.2.3. Concrete
coatings not in accordance with the dimensional requirements shall be repaired or
stripped and recoated at the discretion of Company.

2.10.7 Concrete Coating Repairs
2.10.7.1 Concrete coating that is found to be defective at the time of coating shall be
immediately stripped from the pipe and the pipe recoated. All other defects shall
only be repaired once the concrete has hardened.
2.10.7.2 Defective concrete coating areas affected by spalling due to compression or shearing
caused by impact against other objects which have caused a loss of not more than
twenty five percent (25%) of the total thickness of the coating shall be repaired. An
area of less than 0.1 m 2 per joint where the concrete remaining on the joint is
sound, shall be accepted without repairs. Should the area affected be more than 0.1
m2 and less than 0.33 m 2 per joint the concrete remaining in place over that area
shall be undercut so as to provide a key lock for the same basic material as the
coating. Should the damaged area be more than 0.33 m 2 per joint the coating shall
be removed around the entire periphery of the line pipe throughout the entire
damaged area.
Repairs shall be made by satisfactorily restoring the reinforcing, removing all

cracked or broken concrete at the point of coating damage, wetting the fresh surface
of the broken coating (unless the coating is still too ‘green’ to require it), and
troweling a stiff mixture of cement, water and aggregate, of the same materials and
proportions as the coating,into and through the reinforcing. This mixture shall be
built up until the surface is level with the coating around the repair. The pipe shall
then be allowed to moist cure for a minimum of four days. The resulting coating
shall be equal in weight, density, uniformity, strength and characteristics to the
originally applied coating.
2.10.7.3 Concrete cracks that are in excess of 1.5 mm in width and extend over 180°
circumferentially around the pipe, or where cracks are over 330 mm in length
longitudinally along the pipe irrespective of width, shall be repaired. Repairs shall
be made by chiselling the crack out to width of not less than 25 mm throughout the
length of the crack. The crack shall be repaired with materials similar to that from
which the coating is made and in a manner similar to that outlined above.
2.10.7.4 Core sample holes shall be repaired with materials similar to that from which the
coating is made and in a manner similar to that outlined above.
The repairs shall be kept moist and allowed to remain undisturbed for a period of
not less than 36 hours. Further curing shall be in accordance with the Specification.
2.11 Permanent Markers And Barriers
2.11.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirement for the supply and
installation of permanent pipeline markers and access barriers, as required for the Work.
2.11.2 General
Contractor shall supply and install permanent pipeline markers along the pipeline route as
close as possible to the windrow. Construction details of all types of markers are shown on
the Drawings. Each marker consists of a post, mounted with two marker plates as per the
drawings. Marker plate no. 1 shows general information about the pipeline involved,
whereas marker plate no.2 shows relevant information for each location. The different types
of pipeline markers are listed below. As-built drainages shall be indicated on the marker
plates with an accuracy of one meter. (The start point of the pipeline, KPO, shall be the
mainline isolation valve in the scraper trap station).

Colour coding of the background of the pipeline markers shall be as follows:
Crude : red
Gas : blue
Water : green
The marker plates shall be parallel with the pipeline i.e. they shall face the R.O.W. access
road. Separate markers are required on parallel lines.
2.11.3 Chainage Markers
Chainage markers shall be installed along the pipeline at each one (1) kilometre chainage
station, A chainage marker is not required if the distance between its location and any other
type of pipeline marker, as mentioned hereafter in this Section is less than 200 metres.
2.11.4 Block Valve Markers
Block valve markers shall be installed along the pipeline at each block valve station.
2.11.5 Road Crossing Markers
Road crossing markers shall be installed at both sides of each paved or graded road crossing.
Location to be 5 metres from the borders of the road.
2.11.6 Wadi Crossing Markers
Wadi crossing markers shall be installed at both sides of each wadi crossing.
2.11.7 Pipeline Crossing Markers
Pipeline crossing markers shall be installed at each crossing with an existing underground or
above ground pipeline. (This does not apply to flowlines).
2.11.8 Cable Crossing Markers
Cable crossing markers shall be installed at each crossing with an existing underground
cable.
2.11.9 Markers at Horizontal Bends
Markers shall be installed at the tangent points of each horizontal bend.
2.11.10 Cathodic Protection Markers
At all C.P. test stations, bonding stations and negative connection stations a pipeline marker
shall be installed. Locations shall preferably be combined with chainage markers (Ref. SP-).
At pig trap stations the insulating joint test station post/marker shall be installed outside the
station fence but no further than 25 m from the insulating joint. At locations where the c.p.
test station is combined with an intelligent pigging identification point (1m long pup), the
marker post shall be directly in line with the cable to pipe connection.

2.11.11 Pearson Survey Hole Marker
A marker shall be installed adjacent to each Pearson Survey earthing hole. Ref. GEN-2-
1632-01.
2.11.12 R.O.W. `STOP` Signs
At each road crossing, permanent `STOP` signs shall be installed on the R.O.W. access strip,
at both sides of the road for the attention of drivers of maintenance vehicles on the R.O.W.
2.11.13 Corrosion Monitoring Pit Marker
A marker shall be installed adjacent to each corrosion monitoring pit in the case where the
pit is not located inside a station. The marker shall be inside the pit fencing.
2.11.14 Access Barriers
2.11.14.1 When specified on the Drawings, access barriers shall be constructed in

accordance with Standard drawing GEN-2-1633-01.
2.11.14.2 Breaks in the barriers shall be provided at each road/track/livestock crossing and
at least once every two kilometres to coincide with livestock crossings. At these
crossings, removable barriers shall be installed to prevent normal access from the
crossing to the Right-of-Way, but allowing inspection vehicles to pass when
required. Final configuration to be approved by Company`s Site Representative.
2.11.14.3 Painting of access barriers shall be in black and yellow bands of 0.3 m length.
Paintings shall be carried out in accordance with Section 2.12, Station Works.
2.12 Station Works
2.12.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for all above and below
ground station works, including pig trap and block valve stations. The sections below make
reference to relevant Engineering Reference Documents (ERD`s) and detail any additional
requirements. The following Sections are included in this Section:
- Earthworks
- Civil and Mechanical Work
- Painting
- Instrumentation
- Electrical Works
- Fencing
Requirements for the following related activities are included in other Sections of this
Specification.
- Materials
- Cathodic Protection
- Supply of hydrotest water
- Hydrotesting
- Work on `live` systems
- Use of explosives
- Access barriers
Contractor shall supply all materials and equipment unless stated otherwise in the Schedules.

2.12.2 Earthworks
a) Pig trap station plots will be prepared, by Others, to final elevations unless specifically
stated otherwise in the Scope of Work/Drawings.
b) All earthworks, specifically those relating to supports drain pits and corrosion monitoring
pits, shall be in accordance with ERD 17-01 Part C.
2.12.3 Civil and Mechanical Works
2.12.3.1 General
a) All station works shall be fabricated and installed in accordance with the
Drawings and this Specification, including standard Civil and Mechanical
drawings from ERD 10-11 and ERD 38-04, respectively.
b) Precautions shall be made to prevent entry of sand or debris etc.. into pipework
and fittings during construction.
c) Contractor shall maintain the elevations shown on the drawings and carry out
any pipework adjustment necessary to achieve this.
d) Valves with flow arrows shall be installed in the normal flow direction of the
product.
e) Contractor shall weld bars in Company supplied tees when required by

Company.
2.12.3.2 Concrete/Blockwork
a) All concrete works shall be in accordance with ERD 17-01, Part D. Reference is
also made to ERD 19-07, Civil & Building Guide to Concrete.
b) The blockwork of corrosion monitoring pits shall be in accordance with ERD 17-
01, Part E.
c) Anchor bolts, pipe sleeves, anchor rails, insert and sliding plates shall be built in
as formwork proceeds. They shall be positioned accurately and be firmly fixed
such that no movement shall occur during the concrete pour. If provision is to be
made to allow for slight adjustment in position of anchor (holding-down) bolts,
this shall be clearly indicated on the detail foundation drawings with the
method(s) to be applied.
Anchor bolts, etc.. shall be properly protected against damage and corrosion.
Threaded parts shall be greased and securely protected from damage before
pouring of concrete. Anchor bolts shall be as shown on the Drawings. All
embedded parts shall be free from oil, loose scale, rust, paint, grease or other
harmful matter.
2.12.3.3 Structural Steel
All structural steelworks shall be in accordance with ERD 17-11 Part G.
2.12.3.4 Process Pipework
a) Fabrication and welding of process pipework and fittings shall be in accordance

with the following ERD`s:
SP-1177 Specification for Welding of Class 1 Pipelines.
SP-1177 Specification for Welding of Class 1 Pipelines

SP-1173 Specification for Welding of On-Plot Pipework
The on-plot Specification states that all welding shall be by the uphill technique.
In certain circumstances, downhill welding may be considered for filling and
capping runs, any proposals for which shall be reviewed on a case by case basis
by the Company welding TA-2 and endorsed by the CFDH Welding.
c) Corrosion probe fittings shall be welded and drilled prior to hydrostatic testing.
Flame cutting of holes is not permitted.
d) The bases and valves of pig indicators shall be installed prior to hydrostatic
testing and the complete assembly fitted after test.
e) If temporary vents are required by Contractor for hydrostatic testing, in stations

or on the mainline, these shall have the prior approval of Company. They shall
be 1 inch size and the permanently remaining materials shall, where possible, be
supplied by Company (ie weldolet, nipple and cap). Temporary materials shall
be provided by Contractor. All welds shall be subject to MPI and the final cap to
nipple weld shall be radiographed. Thereafter the cap, nipple and weldolet shall
be painted as specified in Section 12.4 below. The proposed location for
temporary vents shall be U.T. checked for laminations and to confirm adequate
w.t. An MPI check shall also be made to confirm the absence of surface breaking
defects, prior to welding or cutting.
f) In the event that anchors are required, these shall be installed at the locations
shown in the Drawings. The anchor flange with a pipe joint welded at both ends
shall be completely installed prior to start of civil work. The anchor flange to be
embedded in the concrete shall be coated in accordance with Section 2.12.4
below. Pipe coating shall be tested with the holiday detector prior to embedding
in concrete. The concrete work shall be backfilled and left to cure a minimum of
three weeks before further joints are allowed to be welded to the anchor flange
assembly.
2.12.4 Painting
a) All above and below ground steel surfaces (with the exception of polyethylene or epoxy
coated pipework and items supplied in a manufacturers finish) shall be prepared and
painted in accordance with this Specification.
b) Valves and insulating joints shall be supplied with a single coat primer only, in
accordance with ERD 48-01.
c) Underground steelwork, pipework, fittings and valves, including those inside corrosion
monitoring pits, shall be coated with coal tar epoxy in accordance ERD 48-01.
d) Above-ground steelwork, pipework, fitting and valves shall be painted in accordance

with ERD 48-01. All items shall be colour white, except for the following:
Actuators and insulating couplings - red

Covers of corrosion monitoring pits - black
Access barriers and Pearson hole markers - black/yellow
Handrails - black
(In special instances Camouflaged paint may be required).
e) Surface preparation and coating shall be in accordance with ERD 48-06.

2.12.5 Instrumentation
Contractor shall carry out the instrumentation work in accordance with document no. DEP
62.37.10.12 GEN entitled ‘Instrument Installation Procedures’ with the amendments
specified below:
Section 4, add to third paragraph;
Manuals and other documentation supplied with instrumentation shall be handed over to
the Company`s instrument construction engineer.
Immediately after receipt, all instruments and material shall be marked in a durable
manner with the job number on which they are to be used, an stored in an area dedicated
to that particular job. Instruments and material shall be used only on the job for which
they are intended, unless a written instruction is given by the Company`s instrument
construction engineer. For each job the Contractor shall maintain accurate records of
instruments and material received from the Company and issued to the installation team.
On completion of each job any surplus instruments and material shall be marked ‘surplus
from job number - ‘and stored in an area dedicated for such surplus, pending instructions
from the Company.
Section 5, add;
Verification and testing shall take place sufficiently early to enable remedial action to be
taken in the event of incorrect or faulty items being received.
The results of verification and testing shall be recorded, one sheet being used for each
instrument. Completed test sheets shall be submitted within 48 hours of the test having
been done.
Specific test procedures shall be agreed with the Company`s instrument construction
engineer.
Instrument items to be installed by ‘mechanical’ shall be verified and tested by

‘Instruments’ before installation.
Sub-section 7.1.5, add;
Accessibility is largely determined by design, but is influenced by the arrangement of

instrument supports and the direction in which instruments face. Instrument supports
shown in construction drawings shall be taken as a guide. Actual dimensions and
locations shall be agreed with the Company`s instrument construction engineer before
fabrication and installation.
Sub-section 7.1.9, add;
Nameplates shall be supplied by the Company. They shall be fixed on custom made
brackets, supplied by the Contractor, and not to the instrument.
Section 9;
Instead of trunking, heavy duty galvanised cable trays shall be used. The specified
requirements for trunking apply also to these cable trays.
Sub-section 9.7, add;
Wire lugs shall be fitted to stranded conductors.
All instrument cables shall be tested for resistance from each conductor to screen and
from screen to armouring. All values shall be recorded.

Subsection 10.1, add;
Test sheets shall be submitted within 48 hours of completion of the test.
Subsection 11.2;
During flushing, each orifice plate shall be removed from the piping and carefully stored
for reinsertion after flushing.
2.12.6 Electrical Works
a) This section refers to permanent electrical works as specified in the Drawings (normally
earthing and bonding only), including standard drawings from ERD 64-04, Electrical
Standard Drawings.
b) All work shall be carried out in accordance with the following ERD`s:
ERD 63-01 Electrical Installation Practice

ERD 64-02 Electrical Safety Rules
ERD 64-09 Earthing Systems
2.12.7 Fencing
a) The fencing required for the Work shall be of the medium security type, and be supplied
and constructed in accordance with ERD 17-01, Part P. The exact requirements for each
location are shown in the Drawings.
If Contractor requires an opening in an existing fence for construction purposes, he shall

obtain prior approval of Company and restore the relevant part to its original condition
upon instruction of Company.
2.13 Cathodic Protection
2.13.1 Scope
2.13.1.1 This Section covers the minimum requirements for the supply and installation and
commissioning of an impressed current cathodic protection system as required for
the Work.
2.13.1.2 Contractor scope includes but is not necessarily limited to the supply and
installation of all transformer/rectifiers including A.C. power supply, solar panels
and control equipment, ground beds including headwork, cable to pipe connections,
test stations, bonding stations, current measurement stations, grounding facilities,
Pearson Survey earthing points, drain point facilities, all inclusive with junction
boxes, etc. complete with interconnection cabling up to the C.P. stations.
2.13.1.3 The cathodic protection design shall be in accordance with ERD 65-12 ‘Cathodic
Protection Design’. Details of various design aspects are given in standard
drawings from ERD 50-02 ‘Cathodic Protection Standard Drawings’.
2.13.1.4 When complete new c.p. test points with connections to an existing system, then
Contractor shall employ a qualified c.p. supervisor who shall have the prior
approval of Company. When solar panels are required, Contractor shall sub-
contract the supply/installation to a Company approved supplier/contract as listed in
the Schedules.

2.13.1.5 Contractor shall give Company 5 days` notice prior to installation of specialist c.p.
items ie solar stations/ T/R units and ground bed anode systems, in order to mobilise
a Company CP Inspector.
2.13.2 Materials
Contractor shall procure all materials required for the Work, unless stated otherwise in the
Schedules. Specifications for materials shall be as shown on the Drawings. The following
Company Specifications are applicable:
SP-1129 (Construction, Installation and Commissioning)

SP-1130 (Materials and Equipment)
SP-1136 (Standard Drawings)
PR-1234 (Safe Working Procedures)
2.13.3 Installation
2.13.3.1 Installation of the C.P. System shall be carried out concurrently with the main pipe
laying work.
2.13.3.2 At approximately 2 km intervals, as shown on the Drawings, a combined C.P.

Standard Test Post and an intelligent pigging identification point shall be installed
(Ref. STD-7-3001). This shall consist of a 1 m length of line pipe with a welded
cable connection pad with cable connection to a test post. Welding of the
attachments of the pipeline, including procedure and welder qualification, shall be
in accordance with Section 2.6, Welding and NDT.
2.13.3.3 Cable connections to the pipeline (Ref. STD-7-2001) shall also be required, as
shown on the Drawings, at the following locations:
- pipeline crossings
- current measuring stations
- buried or overhead high voltage powerline
- negative connections
- earthing electrodes
- permanent reference cells
- insulating joints
Where the required connections at pipeline crossings, current measurement

stations,etc. are within 200m of the planned location of a C.P. test station/pup piece
point, the latter may be relocated to coincide with the connection, subject to prior
Company approval.
2.13.3.4 All C.P. testing facilities shall be installed in accordance with SP-1129.
2.13.3.5 Where Foreign Service Bonding Facilities are required on foreign services, for cross
bonding, the connection pad may be attached by welding a pad on the foreign
service (Ref. STD-7-3005).
2.13.3.6 Current Measuring Stations shall be installed on the pipeline every 10 km, unless
shown otherwise on the Drawings(Ref. STD-7-3004).
2.13.3.7 A Grounding Facility shall be installed at powerline crossings and where the
pipeline runs parallel to, and within 50m of a powerline (Ref. STD-7-3006).
2.13.3.8 Drain Point Facilities shall be installed as shown on the Drawings Ref. STD-7-
3003).

2.13.3.9 Insulating joints/flanges shall be installed in accordance with Drawings Ref. STD-7-
3007).
2.13.3.10 All C.P. cables shall be installed in accordance with SP-1129. Cable to pipeline
connections shall be made prior to hydrostatic testing. Cable markers shall be
installed in accordance with drawing STD-7-7001.
2.13.3.11 Groundbeds, when required and shown on the Drawings, shall be installed in
accordance with SP-1129.
(Ref. STD-7-6001, STD-7-6002, STD-7-6003, and STD-7-6004).
2.13.4 Pearson Survey
13.4.1 Company will carry out a ‘Pearson Survey’, after installation of the pipeline, to
check the integrity of the pipeline coating. In order to achieve good earthing for this
survey Contractor shall install Pearson Survey Earthling Points adjacent to each 2
km C.P. Standard Test Post.
13.4.2 These earthing points shall be constructed during the main pipelay work, in
accordance with drawing GEN-2-1633-01.
2.13.5 Commissioning
Contractor is required to provide a PDO approved C.P. Contractor to commission the C.P.
system after installation in accordance with documents SP-1129 and PR-1169. The
Contractor should inform the name of sub-contractor they intend to use to execute the
commissioning not less than 28 days prior to commencement of commissioning.
2.14 Quality And Treatment Of Hydrotesting Water
2.14.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for the quality and
treatment of flushing and hydrostatic testing water as required for the Work.
2.14.2 General
2.14.2.1 Company will allocate one or more sources of water for flushing and hydrostatic
testing, as detailed in the Scope of Work or any other source specified by Company
Commissioning department.
2.14.2.2 Where water is to be supplied from wells, Contractor shall install lines from
Company`s submersible pumps and install generators at water wells which are not
shared by others. Contractor shall supply, install and later remove all temporary
facilities, e.g. filters, pumps, break tanks, desert pits, fill lines, etc.., as required to
execute the flushing and testing of all pipelines under this Contract.
2.14.2.3 It may be necessary to share this water from time to time with Company or other
Contractors on a priority basis.
2.14.2.4 The water shall be filtered through 50 micron filters immediately prior to entering
the pipeline.
2.14.2.5 The Contractor shall carry out, or request the Company to carry out on his behalf,
all water sampling and analysis that may be necessary for the Company to approve
the water source and quality.

2.14.2.6 The Contractor shall provide for approval by the Company all details of his water
treatment proposals necessary to bring the water to the required quality for both
flushing and hydrotest use. Contractor shall procure such inhibitors, biocides and
oxygen scavengers as are necessary to render the water suitable for introduction into
the pipelines.
2.14.3 Water Quality
If the maximum period of contact of water (or residual water after dewatering) within the
pipeline is known to be 7 days or less, chemical treatment shall generally not be required. If
the period of contact is or could be in excess of 7 days, prior chemical treatment as specified
in 14.4 shall be provided.
In the case where air might be introduced into the pipeline after the hydrotest, the water used
shall be of the minimum quality below:-
pH: 6.5 to 10.5

Total dissolved solids: less than 1.5 Kg/m 3
H2S: Nil
Suspended Solids : 0.002 Kg/m3
Appearance: Clear with no visible sediment.
If air is prevented from entering the pipeline, by leaving the system full of water and
continuously pressurised between 30 and 150 kPa, the quality of the water may be relaxed as
below:
pH: 6.5 to 10.5

Total dissolved solids: Less than 30 Kg/m 3
H2S: Max. 0.001 Kg/m 3
Suspended Solids : Less than 0.005 Kg/m 3
Appearance: Clear with no visible sediment. Black or red water shall be
rejected.
In this latter case the water shall be chemically treated as specified below.
2.14.4 Chemical Treatment
2.14.4.1 Advice on approved chemicals and treatment rates may be obtained from Company.
If test water is transfered from one test section to another, the quality of water i.e.
the amount of treatment remaining, shall be checked and additional chemicals
added as required to bring it back up to specification. Also when reusing test water,
the water shall be refiltered through 50 micron filters, to reduce the amount of
debris. These tests and activities shall be properly documented and immediately
reported to Company.
Two basically different types of treatment are currently approved by the Company
i.e. cocktail treatment and individual chemical treatment.
a) Cocktail Treatment
A single-chemical blend comprising two or more components of oxygen

scavenger, corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitor or biocide.
b) Individual Chemical Treatment

Injection of oxygen scavenger, biocide and corrosion inhibitor separately. When

using this treatment the oxygen scavenger shall be added first, and as far
upstream in the system as practical to allow complete reaction prior to adding
the other chemicals. The biocide shall follow and finally the corrosion inhibitor.
For contact periods up to 3 months the cocktail treatment or individual chemical

treatment may be used. For contact periods up to 24 months individual chemical
treatment shall be employed.
2.14.4.2 Approved Cocktail Treatments
Supplier Chemical Concentration

ppm
CECA Norust 471 400
NALCO Unitreat 3900 400
NL Treating Chemicals Coat RD-1766 800
OILEX Oilex 3760 350
PETROLITE Fludex WF - 2020 400
TR Oil Services Tros 650 400
2.14.4.3 Approved Individual Chemical Treatments
Supplier Chemical Concentration

ppm
ESSOCHEM OS Corexit 8381 100
B Corexit 7672 200
CI Corexit 7730 50
NALCO OS Visco 3656 100

B Visco 1153 300
CI Visco 936 25
NL Treating OS Coat - 777 100

Chemicals B Coat - 122 150
CI Surflo - B 17 100
OILEX OS Oilex - 302 100

B Oilex - 2668 200
CI Oilex - 3760 50
PETROLITE OS Kontol K-490 100

B X-Cide XC-102 500
CI Kontol KW-32 100
SERVO OS MCA-602 100

B CK-492 150
CI CK-341 100
TR Oil Services OS TC-1000 100

B Troskil-1 200
CI Tros C-70 300
2.15 Hydrostatic Testing
2.15.1 Scope
2.15.1.1 This Section covers the minimum requirements for hydrostatic testing operations,
i.e. cleaning, gauging, filling, hydrostatic testing and dewatering of pipeline and
station works as required for the Work.

2.15.1.2 The general sequence of hydrostatic testing operations of pipelines shall be as

follows:
- cleaning and gauging (max. 10 km sections)

- filling - gauging
- temperature stabilisation
- air content check
- strength test
- tightness test
- dewatering (if required).
2.15.1.3 The hydraulic testing operation shall be carried out by a Specialist Test Engineer
who shall have no other duties than testing. He shall have sufficient qualified
assistants so that one shall be available on site at all time during each hydrostatic
testing operation. The Specialist Test Engineer shall be mobilised well in advance
of the planned start date for testing and no later than the date of commencement of
mainline welding.
2.15.1.4 The Specialist Test Engineer shall draw up a procedure of all operations for the
tests, clearly stating the responsibilities of his subordinates during all phases of his
work.
The procedure shall be submitted to Company for approval not less than 28 days
prior to commencement of testing and shall be approved in writing before any
testing commences. The procedure shall include details of the following:
a) Safety precautions.
b) The design and supply of test ends.
c) The location of the test cabin,pumps, and any other equipment.
d) Filling and pressurising, including the sources of water, test connections and
vent points.
e) Hydrostatic test procedure, including details of test sections.
f) Depressurising and emptying, if appropriate, including details of drainage

connections and method of disposal of water.
g) Detailed programme giving proposed dates of tests.
h) List of nominated personnel supervising tests, with dates and times of duty.
2.15.1.5 The testing of each section shall commence as soon as possible and so far as is
practicable within the programme and shall be undertaken progressively throughout
the construction of the line.
2.15.1.6 Above ground station pipework shall be subjected to a 4 hour combined

strength/tightness test as a minimum. Any underground station pipework shall be
tested in a similar manner to the main pipeline.
2.15.1.7 All measurements and calculations, except nominal pipe sizes, shall be in SI units.
2.15.2 Safety
2.15.2.1 During testing operations Contractor shall ensure that adequate measures are taken
to safeguard all personnel and equipment working in close proximity to the testing
operations, and to safeguard the general public. These measures shall be approved
by Company.

2.15.2.2 The safety of personnel during the tests is of paramount importance and no
procedure shall be allowed which would violate this concept. All safety precautions
shall be approved by Company. The Contractor shall certify in writing that he has
instructed all employees engaged on testing Work, or Work associated with testing,
about the possible consequences of a pipe of fitting failure under pressure test
conditions. Warning of the hazards associated with the energy within a pipe
containing water and air shall be given to employees. The Contractor shall take all
necessary measures to ensure that all personnel are adequately protected during the
course of the test and in particular shall ensure that no work is carried out on any
section of pipeline whilst it is under pressure.
2.15.2.3 Sites for test equipment shall be set up in a safe location away from public
highways, other inhabited areas, depots etc.. and shall be provided with radio
communications. When testing takes place in built-up areas patrols shall be
provided to watch special points of hazard during the test, in particular road
crossings and points of public access. When deemed necessary by Company
protection walls constructed of sand bags, or other methods approved by Company
shall be placed in locations of blanked or capped ends of pipes and any above
ground pipework under test. Warning notices reading `Warning Pipeline Under
Test` in English and Arabic, shall be placed at appropriate locations for the duration
of the test. The boundaries of the test equipment sites shall be defined by marker
tapes or a fence and by lights at night.
2.15.2.4 When the pressure in the test sections exceeds static head plus 100 kPa the
Specialist Test Engineer shall ensure that no person approaches within 30 m of the
test end manifold on the pipe. If it is necessary because of site restrictions for any
one to approach nearer than this, a suitable protective wall shall be constructed. The
pressurising pump, pressure relief valve and instrument caravan shall be located in a
safe area to be approved by Company, but at least 30 m from the test end. During
the test, all construction within 50 m of the test section shall cease.
2.15.3 Testing Materials and Equipment.
2.15.3.1 Contractors shall supply all temporary fittings, materials, equipment an

consumables required for all testing and dewatering operations.
2.15.3.2 All fittings and components used in the test shall be to specifications approved by
the Company and shall be designed for a working pressure not less than the test
pressure. Pipe and dome end shall be supplied with mill certificates.
2.15.3.3 Test headers shall be fabricated in accordance with the welding procedures approved
for the pipeline. Test ends shall be numbered and a record shall be kept by the
Contractor showing the results of non-destructive tests on each fabrication weld, the
number of times each test end is used and the test pressure attained on each test.
Entries in the record shall be signed by the Specialist Test Engineer. Test ends
which do not have a complete record of use from the new condition shall not be
used.
Prior to each re-use the test end shall be cut back to remove all weld metal and the
heat affected zone. To achieve this at least 12 mm of pipe should be removed.
Dimensional and ultrasonic examination of the new weld end preparation shall be
carried out.
2.15.3.4 All temporary connections fitted to enable the hydrostatic test to be performed shall
preferably be of rigid construction and shall be adequate to handle the test pressures
involved. Flexible hose shall be of the armoured type and shall only be used if it is
manufactured to standards applicable to permanent hydraulic installations. Such
hose shall only be used in short lengths as required for the pressurising line to the
test end and for instrumentation, and must be anchored to prevent `whip` in the
event of failure. Method of anchoring must be approved by Company. Flexible hose
shall not be used inside the test cabin.

2.15.3.5 The pressurising pump shall be fitted with a full capacity relief valve set at the local
test pressure. A pressure recorder shall record continuously the pressure at the test
manifold.
2.15.3.6 The Contractor`s supplied equipment shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:
a) Filling and pressurising pumps complete with stroke counter or flow meter
suitable for the required duty.
b) Air conditioned test cabin unit complete with the necessary gauges, pressure
recorder, deadweight tester, etc., all to the satisfaction of Company, for
installation at the end of the test section so that the Specialist Test Engineer can
accurately assess the progress of the tests and record the pressure and water
volume conditions throughout the tests.
c) A tank and pressure control valve for calibrating the high pressure pump or flow
meter.
d) Facilities to immediately replace the stroke counter should it fail to operate

effectively.
e) A suitable recording thermometer to measure ambient temperature.
f) A pressure let down valve to release the pressure on of the valve shall be
approved by the Company.
g) Digital data loggers/recording temperature probes (thermocouple type) to

measure pipe and soil temperatures.
h) Pigs and pig tracking equipment.
2.15.3.7 Test instruments shall be in accordance with the table below:
Bourdon pressure gauges shall be checked for accuracy on site, in the presence of
the Company Site Representative, before the commencement of the pressure test of
any section of pipeline or stationworks, This shall be carried out by comparison
with the dead weight tester.
The accuracy of the pressurising flow meter shall be demonstrated using a calibrated
tank.

Instrument Reading Division Range Sensitivity
Dead Weight Tester 10 kPa 1.5 x t.p. ± 1 kPa
Pressure Gauge 100 kPa 1.5 x t.p. ± 100 kPa
Pressure Recorder (24 hour) 100 kPa 1.5 x t.p ± 100 kPa
Ambient Temperature Recorder 0.5°C 0-100°C ± 0.5°C

(24 hour)
Temperature Probes (Digital) 0.01°C 0-50°C ± 0.01°C
Flowmeter Litres 5% test volume
Filling Pressurising Flowmeter Strokes 5% volume

per stroke
Other instruments shall have a calibration certificate not older than 6 months at start of
testing. Any recertification required shall be carried out by a Company approved third party.
The original certificates shall be shown to Company and copies included in the Hydrotest
Report. If during the testing period the certificates become older than 12 months or if
Company has reasonable doubts about the calibration of any instrument to be used for the
test, Contractor shall have the instruments in question recalibrated in the presence of
Company, at no additional cost to Company.
2.15.4 Cleaning and Gauging
2.15.4.1 Contractor shall clean and gauge the pipeline sections, with a maximum section
length of 10 km, after backfilling and prior to water filling. The pigs shall be wire
brush cleaning type propelled by compressed air at a maximum pressure of 700 kPa.
The first pig shall be fitted with a pig detector and its position in the line monitored.
2.15.4.2 Temporary pig launchers and receivers shall be approved by Company prior to use
and shall be welded to the pipeline. A 1000 kPa pressure gauge and pressure
recorder shall be installed on the launcher. The compressor or the inlet piping shall
be fitted with a pressure relief valve set at 700 kPa.
2.15.4.3 Acceptable cleanliness of the section shall be determined visually by Company.
2.15.4.4 One cleaning pig shall be fitted with an aluminium gauging plate, 5-10 mm thick,
with a diameter of 96% of the minimum nominal internal pipe diameter, or
minimum nominal internal pipe diameter less 10 mm, whichever is the lesser.
When applicable, due account shall be taken of thick wall pipe and a check shall be
made that the plate size is not restricted by the internal diameter of fittings e.g.
valves. Plate measurement, installation in the line, and removal from the line shall
be carried out in the presence of the Company Site Representative.
2.15.4.5 Contractor shall determine the cause and make all necessary repairs to the pipeline
if the gauging plate shows any damage. Contractor shall not proceed with the
testing procedure before a rerun gauging plate has been accepted by Company.
2.15.4.6 Should any cleaning or gauging pig get stuck in the pipeline, Contractor shall not
employ pressures greater than 700 kPa differential to dislodge it. If a differential
pressure of 700 kPa is insufficient to dislodge the pig, the pig must be located and
removed from the pipeline by cutting or other methods to be approved by Company.

2.15.5 Requirements Prior to Testing
2.15.5.1 The section of pipeline under test shall be completely backfilled before testing
commences. Test heads and above-ground sections shall be sheltered and thermally
insulated in order to minimise the effects of ambient temperature variations.
2.15.5.2 Pipeline sections to be tested shall be as long as practicable and with a difference in
elevation not exceeding 60 m, or as otherwise specified in the Drawings. The
Contractor shall determine the test sections to accord with this requirement and to
take account of the availability of water.
2.15.5.3 Test ends shall incorporate a device to establish that pigs or spheres have arrived at
the receiving end. Radioactive indicators shall not be used.
2.15.5.4 The Contractor shall inform the Company before any pigging operation is carried
out. A pig register shall be prepared for the purpose of logging pigs into and out of
the pipeline and for noting details of their `as received` condition. During the
running of filling pigs, the Contractor shall operate pressure indicating and
recording apparatus to the satisfaction of the Company and shall arrange for
tracking the run of the pig. The pressure downstream of the pig shall be carefully
monitored and controlled at a pressure of not less than 200 kPa.
2.15.5.5 Prior to the commencement of testing, all instruments and gauges to be used in
testing shall be calibrated and valid test certificates submitted to the Engineer for
approval.
2.15.5.6 Pressure indicating and recording instruments shall be connected to the test section
before filling commences.
2.15.5.7 The person operating the pressurising equipment shall be clearly instructed by the
Specialist Test Engineer regarding the limiting pressure which shall apply to the
pipeline section under test. During the test any variation in the rate of pressure
increase with volume shall be immediately reported to the Specialist Test Engineer
who shall decide such action as necessary.
2.15.5.8 Pipe and soil temperature shall be measured and recorded at each end of the test
section and at every 5 km throughout the length of the pipeline using thermocouple
type instruments with digital readout. These shall be firmly attached to bare metal
and covered with insulating materials for the pipe temperature measurements and
for the soil temperature measurements they shall be buried at pipe centreline depth
and 0.5 m laterally from the pipe. The points of measurement at each end of the test
section shall be such that there is at least 100 m of pipeline buried to specified depth
between that point and the test head. For short lines a minimum of three locations
shall be used to measure pipe and soil temperatures.
2.15.5.9 All line valves shall be in the fully open position prior to filling.
2.15.6 Filling
2.15.6.1 All necessary measures shall be taken to remove air from the line during filling.
This includes back pressure control, a steady controlled filling rate, use of a break
tank, use of at least two pigs with water in front and in-between, and by regular
renewal of pig rubbers. When practicable the sections shall be filled from the lower
end.
2.15.6.2 The second pig shall be fitted with a gauging plate, as specified in 15.4 above, in
order to gauge the complete test section length (if this is a combination of two or
more cleaning and gauging sections). The plate shall be inspected by Company
prior to installation in the line and after pressure testing.

2.15.6.3 In order to assist in controlling the line filling, inlet pressure, inlet flow and
downstream pressure shall be measured and recorded.
2.15.6.4 The water used for hydrostatic testing operation shall be in accordance with the
requirements as stated in Section 2.14 and shall pass through a 50 micron filter
prior to entering the pipeline.
2.15.7 Temperature Stabilisation
2.15.7.1 Prior to commencing the pressure test the water temperature shall be within 1°C of
ground temperature. This shall be determined by the difference of average pipe
temperature and average ground temperature over the section length.
2.15.7.2 Pressure and temperatures, including ambient, shall be recorded every hour during
the stabilisation period.
2.15.8 Air Content/Pressurisation
2.15.8.1 The air content of the filled line shall be determined during initial pressurisation,
and shall be less than 0.2% of the line volume. If the air content exceeds this value,
the test section shall be emptied and refilled.
2.15.8.2 The rate of pressurisation shall not exceed 100 kPa/minute and shall continue up to
30% of test pressure. During this period volume and pressure readings shall be
recorded at 100 kPa intervals. A plot of pressure/volume shall be made and the
linear section of the curve extrapolated to the volume axis, which shall correspond
to static head pressure. The volume of air can be read from the intersection of the
line with the volume axis and shall be used to calculate the air content thus:
Volume of Air
Percentage air content = --------------------- x 100
Volume of Line
(If the slope of the linear section of the curve differs by more than 10% from the
theoretical curve then testing shall stop and an investigation carried out to
determine the cause).
2.15.8.3 When the air content is less then 0.2%, the pressure shall be raised to 80% of test
pressure and held for 2 hours in order to identify any significant pressure losses.
Thereafter the pressure shall be raised to test pressure at a reduced rate of 50
kPa/minute maximum.
2.15.9 Strength Test
2.15.9.1 The pipeline shall be subjected to a 24 hour duration strength test at the pressure
indicated on the Drawings. The pressure shall be maintained at the test pressure +
100 kPa by bleeding or adding water as required. The volumes of water shall be
measured and recorded.
2.15.9.2 If a leak is suspected the pressure shall be reduced to less than 80% of test pressure
before carrying out a visual examination. No work shall be carried out to repair
leaks until the pressure has been reduced to a safe pressure ie static head plus 100
kPa.
2.15.9.3 During the test, deadweight tester readings shall be recorded every 30 minutes and
pipe, soil and air temperature recorded every 1.5 hours.

2.15.10 Tightness Test
2.15.10.1 The pipeline shall be subjected to a 24 hour tightness test, immediately following
the strength test, at the pressure indicated on the drawings. No water shall be
added or removed during the test. (In the event that the strength test does not
require the bleeding or adding of water then, at Company`s discretion, the strength
test may be considered to have satisfied the tightness test requirement).
2.15.10.2 The test shall demonstrate, to Company`s satisfaction that there are no leaks in the
pipeline. Allowance shall be made for instrument inaccuracies and also the
pressure changes as a result of average temperature changes, calculated from the
following formula (assuming a fully restrained line section):
D P = b -2 a
------ ----------------------
D T { D (1 - g2 ) + C ' }
Et
Where
b = Coefficient of expansion of water °C-1
a= Coefficient of linear expansion of steel °C-1
D= Outside pipe diameter mm
E= Young`s Modulus of steel bar
t = Pipe wall thickness mm
g = Poisson`s ratio of steel -
C= Compressibility of water bar -1
In the event of there being any doubt about the tightness of the line, the test
Company`s satisfaction at no additional cost to Company.
2.15.10.3 During the test, the pressure shall be recorded continuously, deadweight tester
readings shall be recorded every 30 minutes and pipe, soil and air temperatures
recorded at maximum 3 hour intervals. The temperature recording interval may
be reduced to 30 minute duration for the start and end periods of the 24 hours to
assist with the pressure/temperature variation calculation.
2.15.11 Depressurising and Dewatering
2.15.11.1 Following satisfactory completion of the strength and tightness tests the test section
shall be depressurised to a pressure level approved by Company. Under no
circumstances shall full test pressure be retained to transfer water one section to
another.
2.15.11.2 Crude oil pipeline systems shall be left full of inhibited water on completion of
hydrostatic testing unless otherwise approved or instructed by Company. Gas
pipelines shall be dried on completion of hydrostatic testing, (ref. Section 2.16).
2.15.11.3 When Contractor needs to bulk dewater a test section in order to transfer water or
to make a tie-in and pipeline would be left in the bulk dewatered state for a period
longer than two weeks, further dewatering of this section shall be required until all
free water is removed.
2.15.11.4 Upon removal of the test ends, the gauging plate on the second filling pig shall be
inspected by Company. Any damage to the plate shall lead to a full investigation
and if necessary remedial work and re-testing, all at no additional cost to
Company.

2.15.12 Pre-Testing
2.15.12.1 Pipe that is to be used for tarmac, metalled or heavily used graded road crossings
and at such other locations as may be shown on the Drawings, shall be pre-tested
prior to installation.
2.15.12.2 The pipe, including any bends, shall be welded up into strings above ground at a
testing site whose location shall be approved by Company. Pipes of different
diameters, wall thickness, material and manufacturer shall be welded up and
tested separately. All the requirements of this Specification shall be observed in
constructing these strings, except that field joint coating shall not be applied to the
welded joints until after testing.
2.15.12.3 Each string shall be fitted with test-ends and filled with water in a manner
approved by Company. A Strength test shall be carried out to a pressure which
produces a hoop stress in the pipe of 95% SMYS, based on nominal wall
thickness, for a duration of 4 hours.
2.15.12.4 After the tests have been completed and prior to the cutting up of the strings, all of
the pipes contained in each string shall be continuously and indelibly marked in a
manner approved by Company, to show the pipes so marked have been pre-tested.
During cutting up of strings, care shall be taken to ensure that pipe numbers are
not lost. Strings need only be cut up to the extent required by Contractor. Welded
joints in the strings are acceptable as field joints.
2.15.13 Station Pipework
2.15.13.1 Station Pipework shall be subjected to a combined strength/tightness test of 4 hour

duration, at the test pressure shown on the Drawings. (Subsequently, if required
by Contractor, the Pipework may be tied-in and retested as part of a mainline
section in order to avoid an additional test head, an additional tie-in weld or bulk
water loss etc.. However, this may lead to large temperature variations (which
should be minimised by sunshades and thermal insulation) which could possibly
lead to an extended tightness test).
2.15.13.2 Before filling the pipework, the Specialist Test Engineer shall ensure that all
pipework is secure and that all temporary terminations have suitably rated
flanges/test ends. Contractor shall make sure that high points are vented to assure
complete water fill. The pipework shall be fitted with a test pressure gauge and a
pressure recorder.
2.15.13.3 When the test pressure has reached 30% of the test pressure, the test shall be held
briefly while the Test Engineer carries out a preliminary inspection of the
pipework to ensure there are no major leaks. (eg flanged connections, valve
glands etc.). The pipework shall then be pressurised to the test pressure and held
for 4 hours, bleeding or adding water to the system if necessary in order to
maintain the test pressure.
2.15.13.4 After 4 hours the pressure shall be reduced to ‘design pressure’, and the Test
Engineer together with the Company Site Representative shall carry out a visual
check of all welds and connections for leaks.
2.15.13.5 The test water shall be drained/removed as soon as possible after completion of the
test, to a location approved by Company.
2.15.14 Documentation
2.15.14.1 Contractor shall keep careful record of all the test parameters specified above
during each pressure test. The records shall be inspected and reviewed by

Company at regular intervals. All pressure and temperature recorder charts shall
be signed by the Company Site Representative when placed on and taken off the
recorder.
2.15.14.2 Immediately after completion of a successful section test a ‘Hydrostatic Test

Certificate’ shall be completed and signed by Contractor and Company. This shall
be based on original handwritten test data for which photocopies shall be handed
to Company. A seperate certificate shall be completed for each test, including pre-
testing and station works,
2.15.14.3 For each complete pipeline Contractor shall compile `stand alone` report, with a
general introduction including all relevant pipeline data, detailing each section
test. The contents, as a minimum, shall include the following :-
- originals of all recorder charts

- all pressure readings
- all temperature readings
- volumes of water added or bled off
- details of water additives
- instrument test certificates
- air content plot and calculation
- pressure and temperature plots against time
- pressure/temperature correlation calculations
- any special features of the test.
The report shall be submitted in draft form per section within 1 week of
completion of the test and the complete report within 2 weeks of testing of the last
section.
2.16 Precommissioning Of Pipelines
2.16.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for the
precommissioning of oil- and gaslines including but not limited to bulk dewatering, final
dewatering, cleaning, drying and where necessary conditioning of the oil- and gaslines as
required for the Work.
2.16.2 General
The Contractor shall carry out the pre-commissioning activities of pipelines in accordance
with the requirements of the Scope of Work, this specification and DEP 31.40.50.30.
Pre-commissioing records shall be in accordance with chapters 6 and 8 of DEP
31.40.50.30. Hydrotest water shall be disposed of in accordance with SP-1006.
2.16.2.1 Contractor shall supply all materials, consumables, equipment, spares, labour,
supervision and other services incidental to and necessary for the successful
performance of the pre-commissioning work covered under this Section in a manner
satisfactory to Company.
2.16.2.3 Contractor shall make detailed proposals, for Company approval, for the
precommissioning work including but not limited to detailed procedures,
programme and schedule for Work. Contractors proposals shall include complete
information regarding the following aspects:
- precise definition of the sections to be precommisioned.

- the method or combination of methods to be employed.
- complete summary and lay out of the temporary pipework, equipment and
facilities including spares for each section to be precommissioned.

- the method(s) to be employed to preserve the dryness and cleanliness of the line.
- any tie-in work to be carried out after precommisioning.
- precommissioning of valves, branch off takes, etc..
- tests to verify the success of the operation.
- a summary of the amount of material and consumables and the number and
qualifications of personnel, to be used for the precommissioning work.
- test/calibration procedures for all main equipment and instrumentation.
- calculations and any other evidence necessary to demonstrate that the work will
be executed in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. The sizing of
drying equipment and calculations of the time required for drying shall be based
on a film thickness of residual water of not less than 0.1 mm. Lower values may
be assumed if the Contractor can demonstrate, to the Company's satisfaction,
their validity from previous experience.
2.16.3 Bulk Dewatering of Oil and Gas Lines
2.16.3.1 If the Company instructs the Contractor to provide commissioning assistance for
commissioning of an oil pipeline, the Contractor shall carry out one dewatering pig
train run from pig trap to pig trap. The pig train shall comprise of at least two high
sealing pigs separated by water and propelled by the actual pipeline medium.
If the Scope of Work states the requirement for a calliper pig run, then the
Contractor shall appoint a Company approved Sub-contractor for the purpose of
running a calliper pig through the entire pipeline from pig trap to pig trap In this
case the first pig in the dewatering pig train shall be a calliper pig followed by at
least two high sealing pigs. All pigs shall be separated by water. The pig train shall
be propelled by the actual pipeline medium.
2.16.3.2 If the Contractor is not required to provide commissioning assistance for

commissioining of an oil line, then the Contractor shall dewater the pipeline after
hydrotest by using a p ig train comprising of at least two high sealing pigs separated
by water and propelled by dry air. In case of gas lines the air shall be made oil free.
At least two dewatering runs shall be carried out.
If the Scope of Work states the requirement for a calliper pig run, then the
Contractor shall appoint a Company approved Sub-contractor for the purpose of
running a calliper pig through the entire pipeline from pig trap to pig trap after
dewatering.
If the main pipeline is to be hydrotested and hence dewatered in sections, as

specified in the Scope of Work, then the calliper pig shall be part of a high sealing
pig train comprising of at least three pigs. The calliper pig shall be the second pig
in the first pig train and shall be separated from the first and third pigs by water.
The pig train shall be propelled by compressed air.
If the main pipeline is to be hydrotested and hence dewatered from pig trap to pig
trap, as specified in the Scope of Work, then the calliper pig shall be the first pig of
the first dewatering train, followed by at least two high sealing pigs. All pigs shall
be separated by water The entire train shall be propelled by compressed air. In this
case the second pig train shall comprise of two high sealing pigs separated by water
propelled by compressed air.
After dewatering the Contractor shall leave the pipeline under a residual pressure of
at least 1 bar (g).
In case of the final product being oil with associated gas, the oil may only be
introduced during commissioning after the pipeline has been purged with nitrogen,
usually separated from the oil and the air by pigs, with a dewpoint of -50°C at
atmospheric pressure to purge the oxygen (hydrocarbon gas and oxygen may form
explosive mixtures). The minimum amount of nitrogen should be sufficient to
enable a 30 minute period of nitrogen venting, so that the pigs may be removed from

the receiver without stopping flow and to leave sufficient time for the switch over
from the atmospheric vent to the flare/vent stack.
2.16.3.3 The Contractor shall determine the cause and shall make all necessary repairs to the
pipeline if the results of the calliper pig run give any indication of damage.
2.16.3.4 The first pig in a pig train shall be fitted with a pig detector and its position in the
pipeline monitored.
2.16.3.5 Air for propelling pigs in gas lines shall be made oil-free and dry by means oil filter
units and air drying or desiccant units downstream of the air compressors used. The
capacity and pressure rating of the air compressor, oil filter, and air drying system
shall be sufficient to achieve the requirements of this Section. The air drying units
shall be sufficiently sized to dry the line to the specified dewpoint in a reasonably
short length of time.
2.16.3.6 The travelling speed of the pigs should be between 0.5 and 1.0 m/s, but shall not
exceed 1.5 m/s.
2.16.4 Final Dewatering of Gas Lines
2.16.4.1 After bulk dewatering is completed, Contractor shall perform another dewatering
run to remove the remaining free water using one high sealing disc pig followe by at
least 2 foam pigs with a density of 80 kg/m 3, propelled by oil free air. The pig runs
shall preferably be made in a downhill direction and in one continuous operation,
while maintaining sufficient back pressure to prevent the run away of water in
downhill sections.
2.16.4.2 The dewpoint of air for final dewatering shall be at least 5°C below the minimum
ambient temperature along the pipeline measured at 1 barg.
2.16.4.3 The travelling speed of the pigs should be between 0.5 and 1.0 m/s, but shall not
exceed 1.5 m/s.
2.16.5 Initial Drying and Cleaning of Gas Lines
2.16.5.1 Following the satisfactory removal of free water from the line, a number of runs are
required with soft foam pigs with a density of 30 to 50 kg/m 3 to remove the water
adhering to the inner pipe wall, and with power brush hard foam pigs for cleaning
the line. The second dewatering run (final dewatering) shall be repeated if initial
drying of the pipeline has not commenced within 48 hours of completion of the final
dewatering activity.
2.16.5.3 Pigs shall be propelled with dehydrated oil-free compressed air with a dewpoint of at
least 15°C below the final dewpoint of the pipeline as specified in the Scope of
Work.
2.16.5.4 The required number of foam pigs are typically one per 1.2 km and the required
number of brush pigs is tyically 1 per 2.4 km.
2.16.5.5 The travelling pigs of the foam pigs should not exceed 1.2 m/s.
2.16.5.6 Initial drying shall be deemed complete when the soft foam pigs are retrieved from
the line in a dry condition and the dewpoint of the drying medium at the receiving
end remains below the final pipeline dewpoint as specified in the Scope of Work and
does not fluctuate by more than 3°C whilst replacing the content of the line by a pig.

2.16.5.7 The line is considered clean when the amount of solids to be displaced from the line
is negligible. Effective cleaning can only be achieved in combination with drying
the line. The acceptable amount of solids will be determined on site by the
Company`s Site Representative.
2.16.6 Final Drying of Gas Pipelines
2.16.6.1 One of the following drying methods shall be used, at Contractor's option:
- Dry Air drying

- Vacuum drying
2.16.6.2 Air Drying
a) After pigging, the pipeline shall be ‘purged for drying’ with the drying medium
with a minimum velocity of 3 m/s in the pipeline at the discharge end. Purging
shall continue until the dewpoint at the discharge end remains below the
specified dewpoint whilst replacing twice the content of the pipeline at purging
pressure.
b) Upon completion of purging, the pipeline shall be blocked in for a period of at

least 12 hours at a pressure of 0.5 barg above the ambient pressure at all points
along the pipeline. After this period the pipeline content shall be replaced
(purging for acceptance testing) at the lowest possible pressure and the dewpoint
continuously measured at the discharge end.
c) The line is considered dry when the dewpoint during acceptance purging
remains below the final pipeline dewpoint as specified in the Scope of Work
whilst replacing the line content. Purging for drying shall recommence and and
the acceptace test shall be repeated until this requirment has been met.
d) After acceptance by Company of drying and cleaning, the pipeline shall be

blocked in at a pressure of 0.5 barg above the ambient pressure at any point
along the pipeline. Ingress of atmospheric air into the pipeline shall be avoided.
e) Before gas is introduced during commissioning, the pipeline shall be purged

with nitrogen, usually separated from the gas and the air by pigs, with a
dewpoint of -50°C at atmospheric pressure to purge the oxygen (hydrocarbon gas
and oxygen may form explosive mixtures). The minimum amount of nitrogen
should be sufficient to enable a 30 minute period of nitrogen venting, so that the
pigs may be removed from the receiver without stopping flow and to leave
sufficient time for the switch over from the atmospheric vent to the flare/vent
stack.
f) Contractor`s equipment specification shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:
(i) Air compressors of suitable capacity and pressure complete with after
coolers, condensers, separators and dehydration unit required for the
operational conditions. The type and required number (of each type) shall
be subject to Company`s approval.
(ii) Manifold to suit the air flow into the pipeline consisting of:
- non-return valve in each compressor outlet;

- instrument spool piece with fittings for instruments detailed below;
- pressure regulating device and water separator at the inlet to the
pipeline. The latter takes care of condensation due to adiabatic
expansion.

(iii) Instruments to monitor and to record the flow, pressure, temperature, and
dew point at the inlet and discharge end of the pipeline as specified below
and in accordance with Table 1 of DEP31.40.50.30-Gen:
- flowmeter and recorder;

- pressure gauges, transmitter and recorder. The instruments are to
record in the range of 40 to 75 percent of their maximum indication;
- temperature probes and recorder;
dew point meter and recorder.
Notes:
1. Flow meters of the turbine or vortex type shall have a flow straightener installed upstream of
the meter.
2. The dewpoint metres shall be of the cooled mirror type, with the manufacturer to be approved
by Company. One spare dew point meter shall be available on site. All dew point meters shall
be calibrated on site once per day during the precommissioning operations.
(iv) Piping and equipment for safe disposal of air or gas to a location and at a
noise level subject to Company approval.
g) Contractors`s operational procedures shall include, but not be limited to

pressure, flow and dew point monitoring at both the inlet an outlet of the line.
All temporary installations/connections etc.. shall e dismantled and the pipeline

shall be brought into its permanent state.
2.16.6.3 Vacuum Drying
a) Contractor shall perform the drying operation by vapourisation of water in the

pipeline and the evacuation of the water vapour from the pipeline. The
vapourisation shall be effected by lowering the pressure in the pipeline to a
vacuum level at which the water will boil off at a temperature slightly lower than
the temperature of the soil surrounding the pipeline. Vacuum drying should
consist of the following stages unless otherwise approved by the Company:
- pre-drying checks;
- leak test(s);
- pump-down;
- evaporation/evacuation, including vacuum purging;
- soak/acceptance test;
- filling.
Vacuum drying activities shall be carried out in accordance with this Section and
Section 8.3 of DEP 31.40.50.30-Gen.
b) Contractor`s equipment specification shall include, but not be limited to the

following:
(i) Compressors, ejectors and/or vacuum blowers of types and number suitable
to enable the evacuation of the pipeline in such a span of time that the boil
off level will be reached within 36 hours after completion of the dewatering
operation. This is in order to limit puddling of water.
(ii) Vacuum pumps of types and numbers suitable to pull the pipeline down to
the required vacuum level. The vacuum pump should be able to drawdown,
under operating conditions, to a minimum pressure level corresponding to
0.5 times the required water vapour pressure.
(iii) Suction manifold to suit the operation consisting of:
- emergency shutdown device in the vacuum suction unit close to the pipe
line;
- suction line with filter;

(iv) Instrument manifold with fittings for instruments detailed below.
(v) Instrumentation complete with recorders in accordance with Table 1 of

DEP31.40.50.30-Gen:
- dew point meters;

- pressure gauges;
- temperature probes;
Notes:
1. All transducers and probes shall be suitable for vacuum and so located that the readings will
give a true indication of the pipeline condition, at pre-determined locations. Furthermore the
instruments shall not be influenced by climatic conditions or by vibrations of running
equipment.
2. It is essential to be able to calibrate the following equipment on site:
- dew point meters;
- pressure transducers;
- vacuum equipment (for capacity).
c) Contractor shall perform calculations of the pressure/time curves for the

evacuation of water, saturated air and water vapour during first draw-down and
the boil-off phases as well for the evacuation of dry air from a theoretically dry
line.
Additional calculations and/or test procedures are required when the pipeline
system friction loss affects the pump mass flow capacity. This is in order to
determine the theoretical pressure drop at various flow rates during boil-off.
d) Contractor`s operational procedures shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:
(i) Monitoring of the pipeline pressure and dew point at a location close to
each vacuum suction unit connection on the pipeline and at any other
location selected for meaningful monitoring.
(ii) Control of the vacuum unit mass flow capacity and suction pressure in such
a way that the pressure in the pipeline section where evaporation is
taking place does not fall below 6 mbar, this being the saturation vapour
pressure of freezing water.
(iii) An estimate of the position of the drying from by comparing the theoretical
water distribution per unit length with actual amounts of water removed
from the pipeline per unit length derived from the vacuum unit capacity,
the total pressure and the dew point.
(iv) Determination of possible air inleak into the system, particularly in the
temporary piping and plant piping, procedures to prevent any incidental
air inleak and procedures for remedial actions.
(v) Determination of end of boil-off phase both by comparing pressure

differences in pumping and non-pumping conditions and by comparing
theoretical pressure drops per unit of time with actual pressure drops
per unit of time. In both cases dew point behaviour shall correspond
with the pressure changes.
e) Contractor shall submit a procedure for the acceptance of drying by the

Company. Such a procedure shall include evidence that there is no free water in
the pipeline nor an air inleak at the end of the drying stage.

Firstly, the method shall determine, by accurately monitoring pressure and dew
point in the pumping and non-pumping conditions and by comparing actual and
theoretical pressure drop rates, whether only unsaturated water vapour is present.
Secondly, a soak or ‘lock-in’ test at the required minimum water vapour pressure
over a prolonged period shall give definite proof of the presence or absence of
free water.
Thirdly, the required dryness level corresponding to the dewpoint specified in the
Scope of Work shall be confirmed by monitoring the moisture content of a
suitable purge gas (i.e. nitrogen) in a pumping condition.
f) Upon acceptance by Company of the drying and cleaning of the pipe, the pipe
shall be conditioned with nitrogen to a pressure just above atmospheric, and the
line closed in to prevent ingress of atmospheric air.
All temporary installation/connections etc. shall be dismantled and the pipeline

shall be brought into its permanent state.
2.16.6 Detailed Procedure for Drying On-Plot Piping
2.16.6.1 Dewatering
Compressed oil-free dehydrated air of same quality as used for the final dewatering
of the main line shall be blown through the lines. All drains shall be opened.
2.16.6.2 Cleaning and Drying
The same dew point meters shall be installed as were used for the main line. The
blowing of compressed oil-free dehydrated air shall continue until the dewpoint of
the air that enters the pipe is equal to the dewpoint of the air that leaves the pipe.
Alternatively, Contractor may propose vacuum drying for the on-plot piping.
2.16.6.3 Completion
Completion of on-plot piping shall be carried out as part of the completion of the
main line.
2.17 Work On Live Pipe Systems
2.17.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirement for work on live pipe
systems as required for the Work.
2.17.2 General
2.17.2.1 The work permit system shall apply to all work on live pipe systems. Contractor
shall do all that is necessary to obtain work permits and to execute the Work in
adherence to the work permit.
2.17.2.2 Specialised tools and equipment as required for the performance of work on live
pipe systems, shall only be acquired form Company approved vendors. A vendors
representative shall be present at all times during the use of such tools and
equipment.

2.17.2.3 Hot tapping on live pipe systems shall be carried out in accordance with SP-1167
and DEP 31.38.60.10.
2.18 As-Built Records
2.18.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for keeping and
maintaining records, drawings and documents of all aspects of the Work.
2.18.2 General
The required documents to be provided by the Contractor are:
- Test, Calibration and Inspection Reports

- Material Certificates for Contractor Supplied materials
- As-built Drawings and Pipeline Data Sheets
Unless otherwise stated, Contractor shall provide originals of documents plus two copies.
2.18.3 Test, Calibration and Inspection Reports
Contractor shall make available inspection, calibration and testing reports, (including
welding procedures, NDT procedures, radiographs, ultrasonic test reports, hydrostatic testing
and drying reports), as specified in applicable Sections of the Specification.
2.18.4 Material Certificates
Contractor shall make available Mill and Test Certificates, where applicable, for all materials
supplied by Contractor and incorporated in the permanent facilities.
2.18.5 As-built Drawings and Pipeline Data Sheets
2.18.5.1 Contractor shall return to Company one reproducible copy of each drawing
(provided by Company) corrected with as-built information for those drawings in the
Drawing List which are indicated to be revised as as-built. These as-built drawings
shall be submitted for approval to Company within 2 weeks of the Completion Date
and shall be approved by Company before Acceptance of Work.
2.18.5.2 The as-built information shall include but not be limited to:
- Cover and grade elevations

- Type of rock/soil encountered in trench preparation, and depth at which it was
encountered.
- The location and degree of all points of intersection.
- The locations of all temporary vents.
- The chainage, elevation, size, type, shape of all roads, wadis, pipes,cables and
other objects crossing and/or obstructing the pipeline.
- The identification and the location of circumferential welds and pipe lengths
with the manufacturer`s number, heat number, sequence number and length
installed.
- The position of all permanent markers.
- Other relevant data including the chainage of block-valves, anchors, changes in
pipe grade, wall thickness, diameter, cathodic protection appliances,
instrumentation, etc..

2.18.5.3 Contractor shall provide a site-based experienced, full-time ‘As-Built’ surveyor, with
valid driving licence and vehicle, throughout the duration of the Contract. He shall
maintain the Pipeline Data Sheets (originals provided by Company) and shall collect
and maintain all data required for the ‘As-Built’ drawings.
2.18.5.4 ‘As-Built’ drawings shall be prepared during the progress of the Construction Work
and Contractor shall provide a drawing office, personnel, and all necessary
equipment and facilities, to the approval of Company, for the purpose of producing
as-built drawings. Preliminary ‘As-Built’ drawings shall be submitted to Company
for approval on a weekly basis within 2 weeks of the completion of backfilling of the
trench on that part of the pipeline route contained on the drawing concerned.
2.19 Effective Period

The requirements of this specification shall remain in force indefinitely unless superseded by
an authorised revision.
2.20 Review and Improvement

It is intended that the present version (1.0) of this specification will be reviewed and updated
within one year of issue. Subsequent revisions will be updated once every three years. The
review authority will be UEL (OIP, CFDH Pipelines).

Appendix A Glossary of Definitions, Terms and

Abbreviations
A.1 Terms and Definitions
Company Petroleum Developmant Oman LLC. The Company may also

include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf
of, the Company.
Contractor The party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a
project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Company
may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
Corporate Functional The person within the Company responsible for the discipline to
Discipline Head which the standard belongs
Manufacturer/Supplier The party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services

to perform the duties specified by the Company.
User The Company, Consultant or Contractor that uses this document.
shall Indicates a requirement.
should Indicates a recommendation.
may Indicates a possible course of action.
A.2 Abbreviations
BCD Business Control Document
CFDH Corporate Functional Discipline Head
CP Cathodic Protection
DCS Document Control Section (OTB department)
FBE Fusion Bonded Epoxy
MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection
NDT Non-Destructive Testing
PE Polyethylene
PP Polypropylene
ROW Right of Way

Appendix B Reference Documents

PDO Documents
Code of Practice
Pipeline and Flowline Integrity Management Code of Practice
Specifications
Technical Authorities System
Civil and building standard drawings
Civil & Building Construction Specifications
Civil & Building Guide to Concrete
Standard Drawings for pipe supports
Mechanical Standard Drawings
Painting and Coating Systems for Oil and Gas Facilities
Shrink sleeves for pipeline field joints
Surface Preparation and Protective Coating of Oil and Gas Facilities
Electrical Installation Practice
Electrical Safety Rules
Electrical Standard Drawings
Earthing Systems
Lifting equipment specification
Specification for Factory Applied Concrete Coating
HSE Specification - Aqeous Effluents SP-1006
Waste Management SP-1009
Site Preparation, Abandonment and Restoration SP-1012
Specification for Cathodic Protection Design (ERD-65-12) SP-1128
Specification for Construction, Installation and Commissioning of Cathodic Protection SP-1129
Systems (ERD-65-01
Specification for Cathodic Protection Materials and Equipment (ERD-65-02) SP-1130
Cathodic Protection Drawings SP-1136
Specification for Welding on Pressurised Pipes SP-1167
Specification for Quality Assurance of Design, Construction and Engineering Works SP-1171
Specification for Welding of On-Plot Pipework SP-1173
Specification for Welding of Class 1 Pipelines SP-1177
Procedures
Initial Start-up Procedure (ERD 10-10) PR-1169
Safe Working Procedures for Cathodic Protection Systems (ERD-88-05) PR-1234
Guidelines
Guidelines for excavation end working around live pipelines ERD 38-11
C-09, HSE Specification Rev-8, Standard Contract GU-140
Guideline for Granting Technical Authority System GU-272
Shell Group Documents

Hot tapping on pipelines, piping and equipment
Pipeline Engineering
Line pipe for use in Oil and Gas Operations under non sour conditions
Line pipe for use in Oil and Gas Operations under sour conditions
Pipeline fittings (amendments/supplements to MSS SP-75)
Carbon and low alloy steel pipeline flanges (amendments/supplements to MSS SP 44)
Concrete coating of line pipe
External Polyethylene and Polypropelyene Coating for Line pipe
External Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder Coating for Line pipe
Hydrostatic pressure testing of new pipelines
Pre-commissioining of pipelines
Mounting of Plant Instruments
Welding of pipelines and related facilities (amendments/supplements to ANSI/
API STD 1104)
Instrument installation procedure DEP 62.37.10.12
American Standards
Process Piping ASME B31.3

Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids ASME B31.4
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME B31.8
Issued by:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Publications and Distribution Section
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005, USA
Specification for Linepipe API Std 5L

Standard for welding pipelines and related facilities API Std 1104
Recommended practice for liquid petroleum pipelines crossing railroads and highways API RP 1102
Issued by:
American Petroleum Institute
Publications and Distribution Section
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005, USA
Steel Pipeline Flanges MSS SP-44

Specification for high test wrought butt welding fittings MSS SP-75
Issued by:
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry,
Inc.127 Park street, NortheastVienna,
VA 22180, USA
British Standards
Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Explosives in the Construction Industry BS 5607
Issued by:
British Standards Institution
389 Chiswick High Road
London, W4 4AL, UK
International Standards
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products – ISO 8501-1
Visual Assessment of Surface Cleanliness
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products – ISO 8502-1 to 4
Tests for the Assessment of Surface Cleanliness
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products - ISO 8503-1 to 4
Surface Roughness Characteristics of Blast-Cleaned Steel Substrates
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products – ISO 11124
Specification for Metallic Blast-Cleaning Abrasives
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products – ISO 11126
Specification for Non-Metallic Blast-Cleaning Abrasives
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Pipeline Transportation Systems ISO 13623
Issued by:
International Organization for Standardization
1,Rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

Appendix C Facilities For Company Personnel

C.1 Scope
This Section of the Specification covers the minimum requirements for facilities for
Company personnel at Contractor`s Construction Camp and is supplementary to the
Regulations for Pipeline Contractor Camps in the Interior.
C.2 Accommodation
C.2.1 Contractor shall provide and maintain in its camp good quality accommodation for
the number of Company`s senior personnel stated in the Scope of Work. Company
may choose to use this accommodation for personnel other than Company
personnel.
C.2.2 The accommodation requirements for each of Company`s aforementioned senior

personnel shall be:
a) a bed-sitting room of 14.0 square metres floor area. This shall be furnished
with:
one standard bed and mattress, of minimum width 1.2 metres

one full length wardrobe.
one writing desk with drawers and with a matching chair.
one refrigerator.
one bedside rug, 1.5 metres long and 1 metre wide.
one bedside table.
one chest of drawers.
two coffee tables, each 0.75 metres square.
one bedside light.
two easy chairs
adequate heating and air-conditioning, sewerage, electricity, general

lighting, electrical power points, fly screens, ashtrays, glasses, cups and
saucers.
one waste paper basket.

one electric kettle.
b) a private toilet/shower of minimum 3.5 square, metres floor area (minimum

width 1.5 m) containing:
one western type flush toilet

one shower with shower curtain
one wash basin
hot and cold running water of potable quality
one shaving cabinet with mirror
towel rails
c) all necessary bed and bathroom linen.
C.2.3 Contractor shall replace all linen twice per week, clean all accommodation daily,
and keep all accommodation in good repair.
C.2.4 All accommodation provided for Company`s use shall be subject to Company`s
approval.

C.3 Messing
C.3.1 Contractor shall provide and maintain complete and clean messing facilities for
Company personnel and shall provide adequate good quality meals of Western
European types and standards together with soft drinks at such meals. The menu
should have at least one alternative main course.
C.3.2 Contractor shall provide an adequate laundry service for the personal clothing of
Company personnel.
C.3.3 Contractor shall keep Company personnel refrigerators stocked with a selection of
soft drinks.
C.4 Offices and Office Services

C.4.1 Contractor shall furnish, clean and maintain good quality office equipment and
accommodation at each spread camp for 5 members of Company`s personnel.
C.4.2 Unless otherwise agreed by Company, office space for these persons shall have a
minimum floor area of 45 square metres and shall be supplied with the following for
sole use by Company`s personnel:
- four desks, each with plain drawers and filling drawers

- four swivel chairs
- four plain chairs
- one drawing rack
- one drawing table
- one side board/bookcase
- shelves
- two filling cabinets
- adequate heating and air conditioning, general lighting, electricity,
electrical power points, in trays, waste paper baskets, and ashtrays.
- one facsimile machine type RICHO 3300 or similar compatible
to Group 2 and Group 3.
- one photocopier type XEROX 1035 or equivalent.
C.4.3 The offices shall be interconnected. At each spread camp Contractor shall provide
and maintain for Company`s sole use such materials and equipment (typewriter,
stationary, etc..) as may be required for Company`s clerical work at the camp.
C.4.4 As and when required, Contractor shall make available for Company`s use at the
main spread camp site a furnished conference room of minimum floor area 24
square metres and with seating for a minimum of 15 persons.
C.4.5 All offices and office services, provide for Company`s use shall be subject to
Company`s approval.
C.4.6 Contractor shall provide an administration clerk who is proficient in English, typing
and general office procedures, for Company use seven days per week throughout the
duration of the Contract.
C.4.7 Contractor shall provide a suitable Digital camera for the use of the Company Site
Representative.
C.5 Vehicles and Maintenance

C.5.1 Throughout the construction period Contractor shall fuel, service, maintain and
repair the cars which Company uses on the Work Site, up to the number given in the
Scope of Work.

C.5.2 Maintenance procedures shall be strictly in accordance with car manufacturer`s

local representative`s recommendations for the specific terrain and climatic
conditions involved. A daily status check for all cars being used is required.
Contractor shall maintain vehicles of Company with due diligence and utmost care
to ensure safety of the vehicles. Contractor shall keep a record of all checks and
services for each Company car.
C.5.3 Contractor shall provide an English speaking driver with the necessary experience
to obtain a PDO driving licence for Company use seven days per week for the
duration of the Contract.
C.5.4 Where Contractor is required in the Scope of Work to provide vehicles for the use of
Company personnel, they shall at the start of the Contract be either new or have less
than 10,000 Km mileage. The vehicles shall be 4 wheel Drive, Toyota Landcruiser
Station Wagon or Company approved equivalent.
C.6 Recreational facilities

C.6.1 Contractor shall make available recreational facilities for Company personnel, with
a floor area of minimum 24 square metres, and furnished with easy chairs.
C.6.2 In each camp a video set shall be available for the sole use of Company personnel.
A set of minimum five tapes shall be replaced by new tapes at least on a weekly
basis. The selection of tapes shall be agreed with Company personnel.
C.6.3 Magazines and daily newspapers shall be provided by Contractor as per Company`s
Site Representative`s requirements.
2.20.6.4 Facilities shall be provided at all camps for outdoor sports (football, tennis, etc.),
type to be agreed with Company Site Representative.

User Comment Form

User Comment Form
If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in this document, write your comments
and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section (DCS). They make a record of
your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The form has spaces for your personal details. This
lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your comments and tell you about the decision.
Procedure Details Title: Issue Date:
Number:
Page Number: Heading Number: Figure Number:
Comments:
Suggestions:
User’s personal details

Name: Ref. Signature: Date:
Ind.:
Phone:
Document Control Section Actions
Comment Date: CFDH
Number: Ref. Ind.:
Recd.: To CFDH:
CFDH Actions
Recd. Decision: Inits.: Ref. Date:
Date: Ind.:
Reject: 
Accept, revise at next issue: 
Accept, issue temporary amendment 
Comments:
Originator Date: Inits.: Document Date: Inits.:

Advised: Control
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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

UNRESTRICTED Document ID : SP-1208

Pipeline Construction Specification (PCS-01)

Authorised For Issue

Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

SP-1208 Page i April 2001

Authorised For Issue....................................................................................................................i

April 2001 Page ii SP-1208

SP-1208 Page i April 2001

Appendix A Glossary of Definitions, Terms and Abbreviations....................................63

Appendix B Reference Documents.........................................................................................64

Appendix C Facilities For Company Personnel....................................................................66

User Comment Form................................................................................................................69

April 2001 Page iv SP-1208

This document supersedes Pipeline Construction Specification PCS-01 Revision 4, dated

1.2 Changes to the Specification

1.3 Conflicting Requirements

SP-1208 Page 1 April 2001

As part of Contractor`s mobilisation, Contractor shall submit and obtain Company`s

2.1.3 Safety Officer

April 2001 Page 2 SP-1208

2.1.4 Specific Pipeline Activities

2.2 Quality Assurance

2.2.3 Quality Assurance Team

The Quality Assurance Team should as a minimum consist of:

Their duties shall relate to the following activities:

SP-1208 Page 3 April 2001

Contractor`s NDT supervisors and where appropriate shrink sleeves manufacturers

2.2.4 Company Inspection

Interpretation of weld radiographs shall be performed by Contractor`s Specialist sub

April 2001 Page 4 SP-1208

Figure 1 Quality Assurance Organisation

SP-1208 Page 5 April 2001

2.3 Materials Handling/Control

2.3.3 Pipe Inspection

April 2001 Page 6 SP-1208

2.3.4 Pipe Handling

2.3.5 Pipe Stacking

2.3.5.3 Pipes shall not be stacked higher than 3.5 metres.

2.3.6 Linepipe Specifications

SP-1208 Page 7 April 2001

2.3.6.3 Mainline linepipe shall be provided with a factory-applied polyethylene coating or a

2.3.7 Inspection of Materials other than Pipe

2.3.8 Handling of Materials other than Pipe

2.3.8.3 During transport, materials shall be secured by suitable non-metallic non-abrasive

April 2001 Page 8 SP-1208

Contractors shall compile a list of the surplus materials, indicating quantity,

2.4 R.O.W. and Trenching

2.4.1 Public Open Space, Permanent Right-of-Way and Working Strip

2.4.1.3 Width Allowances

b) Contractor may make use of a Working Strip, having a width of 31 metres

SP-1208 Page 9 April 2001

In the absence of any specific requirements by Authorities, Contractor shall

c) Where the permanent Right-of-Way or Public Open Space comes within 25

2.4.2 Clearing and Grading

i) Markers are located at the centreline of the pipeline where straight.

b) Prior to the clearing operations Contractor shall stake:

i) Markers in the centreline of the pipeline at distances of maximum 100

April 2001 Page 10 SP-1208

construction marker to pipeline centreline shall be 25 metres wherever

c) Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of the

2.4.2.4 Below and Aboveground Services

c) Within 2 metres of any underground service, trenching or other excavation shall

d) Contractor is entirely responsible for protecting all foreign services throughout